ATI FON Practice Assessment A
A nurse in a provider's clinic is caring for a client who has heart failure First Clinic Visit :Client arrives to clinic with report of increasing shortness of breath, fatigue, and weakness. States they get short of breath with minimal activity. Client is alert and oriented to person, place, and time. Moves all extremities well, follows simple commands. Sinus tachycardia. Pulses to lower extremities weak with +2 dependent edema present.Slightly labored respirations at rest. Chest with wheezes and crackles in the bases. Reports productive cough, especially during the overnight hours. Bowel sounds all present. Abdomen distended. Reports bowel movement this a.m. States voiding without difficulty, clear yellow urine. Teaching provided on nutrition therapy and adhering to a low-sodium diet, monitoring fluid intake, and lifestyle changes for heart failure. Provided medication teaching following provider's increase in f
"I am limiting my sodium intake to 2 grams daily" is correct." I am eating fewer potato chips and more fruit for snacks" is correct" I know to call my doctor if I gain 3 pounds or more in 2 days" is correct.
A nurse is calculating the intake and output for a client over the last 8 hr. The client is receiving a continuous IV infusion at 150 mL/hr and had 4 oz of juice and 0.5 L of water. How many mL of fluid should the nurse document as the client's intake for the last 8 hr? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.)
1820mL
A nurse is providing wound care for a group of clients. Which of the following wounds should the nurse identify as healing by secondary intention? A. A stage 3 pressure injury on the coccyx B. A contaminated wound that is closed after 72 hrs C. A puncture wound that is sutured D. An abdominal surgical wound with intact staples
A stage 3 pressure injury on the coccyx
A nurse is assisting with the plan of care for a client who has a bacterial infection and a persistent oral temperature of 38.9° C (102° F). Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care to treat the fever? A-Administer acetaminophen. B-Apply ice packs to the client's axillae. C-Maintain the room temperature at 18.3° C (64.9° F). D-Assist the client to ambulate four times a day.
A-Administer acetaminophen
A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for surgery the following day. During the night, the client is unable to sleep and is restless. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? A. "It must be difficult facing this type of surgery." B. "Other clients who have had this surgery have done just fine." C. "This facility is known for providing excellent care for people who need this type of surgery." D. "I can request a sleeping pill if you think that will help."
A. "It must be difficult facing this type of surgery."
A nurse is caring for a client who has metastatic cancer and practices Catholicism. The client asks the nurse to discuss the afterlife with them. Which of the following statements by the nurse assists in meeting the client's spiritual needs? A. "Tell me what the afterlife means to you." B. "You should discuss the afterlife with your priest." C. "Keep praying. A miracle could happen." D. "Maybe your condition will lead you closer to God."
A. "Tell me what the afterlife means to you."
A nurse is preparing to remove a client's peripheral IV catheter. After performing hand hygiene and applying clean gloves, which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Clamp the infusion tubing. B. Remove the dressing C. Withdraw the catheter from the vein D. Ensure the catheter is intact
A. Clamp the infusion tubing.
A nurse is caring for a client who has dyspnea caused by a respiratory infection. The nurse should assist the client into which of the following positions? A. Orthopneic B. Dorsal Recumbent C. Sims' D. Prone
A. Orthopneic
a nurse is caring for a client who reports itching 30 min after receiving a newly prescribed medication. Which of the following data should the nurse document in the clients medical record? A. Client is itching from the medication B. Client states " I started to itch after taking that medication" C. It appears that the client has a rash from the medication D. Rash from medication noted.
B. Client states " I started to itch after taking that medication"
Exhibit 1, Exhibit 2 Nurses Notes 1200: Client arrives to ED and reports abdominal pain and no bowel movement for the past 7 days. Client is undergoing chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer and has been taking 40𝑚𝑔 oxycodone extended release tablets daily for the past 3 months. Client states they have attempted to relieve constipation for the last 7 days with bisacodyl suppositories and magnesium citrate oral suspension. Client reports that neither therapy initiated defecation. Based on the client's clinical findings, which of the following actions should the nurse take? Prepare the client for a chest 𝑥-ray. Administer a cleansing enema. Auscultate the client's bowel sounds. Perform a manual digital examination of the client's rectum. Administer oxycodone extended-release tablets. Assist the client to a left side-lying position with the right knee flexed.
Administer a cleansing enema. Auscultate the client's bowel sounds. Perform a manual digital examination of the client's rectum. Assist the client to a left side-lying position with the right knee flexed.
A nurse is admitting a client who has tuberculosis. Which of the following types of transmission precautions should the nurse plan to initiate? A. Restrict the client's visitors to immediate fam B. Assign client to a negative pressure room c. Discard PPE outside the client's room d. Have the client wear a HEPA mask during transport throughout the facility
B. Assign client to a negative pressure room
A nurse is moving a client up in bed with the assistance of a second nurse. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A-Stand facing the center of the bed at the client's side. B-Place feet apart with the foot nearest the head of the client's bed in front of the other foot. C-Keep knees and hips straight while bending at the waist toward the client D.-Encourage the client to keep their legs straight and remain still.
B-Place feet apart with the foot nearest the head of the client's bed in front of the other foot.
A client who has advanced cancer tells the nurse that they have a difficult time talking to anyone about the illness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to encourage therapeutic communication? A. Keep the conversation moving by asking about the client's family. B. Let the client know that as their nurse, they are available and willing to listen. C. Ask if the client understands what to expect in the advanced stages of the illness. D. Ask the client's visitors not to say anything about the advanced disease.
B. Let the client know that as their nurse, they are available and willing to listen.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a partial hearing loss about how to modify the home environment. Which of the following is a priority modification that the nurse should include? A. Alarm clock that shakes the bed B. Flashing smoke alarm C. Low-pitched buzzer doorbell D. Telephone with an amplified receiver
B. Flashing smoke alarm
A nurse is preparing to transfer a client from an acute care facility to a long-term care facility. Which of the following information should the nurse plan to include in the transfer report? a-Discontinued medications b-Resolved health conditions c-Frequency of vital sign collection d-Completed nursing interventions
B. Resolved health conditions
a nurse is evaluating the crutch walking technique of a client who is required to keep weight off their right leg. which of the following is the proper crutch gait for this client? A. Four point B. Three point C. Two Point D. Swing-through
B. Three point
A nurse is preparing to care for a client that identifies with a particular ethnic group the nurse has never worked with before. Which of the following actions is the priority for the nurse to deliver culturally appropriate care? A. Use their whole name, title and role when first introducing themself. B. Address the client by their last name unless they request using a different name. C. Determine how their own cultural beliefs could impact care delivery. D. Offer to speak with the client and other family member who will make health care decisions.
C. Determine how their own cultural beliefs could impact care delivery.
A nurse is caring for a client who is refusing medical treatment. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Explain the negative consequences of the refusal. B. Discuss with the client's partner why the treatment is necessary. C. Document the client's refusal of the treatment. D. Try to convince the client that the treatment is needed.
C. Document the client's refusal of the treatment.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about hospice care measures with the family of a client who is dying. Which of the following statements by a member of the client's family indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "We will make sure they eat three meals a day." B. "We will decrease their pain medication if they get too drowsy." C. "We will keep their room cool to help them breathe better." D. "We will make sure to provide oral care twice a day."
C. "We will keep their room cool to help them breathe better."
A nurse is assisting in the care of four clients who are required to provide informed consent for treatment. The nurse should identify that which of the following clients is able to provide informed consent? A. A client who is receiving opioid medications via a PCA pump B. A client who has moderate Alzheimer's disease C. An 18 -year-old client who has acute appendicitis D. A 16 -year-old client who has a fractured tibia
C. An 18 -year-old client who has acute appendicitis
a nurse is collecting data from a client following a lumbar puncture. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as a potential adverse effect of this procedure? A. Fluid Overload B. Diarrhea C. Headache D. Difficulty voiding
C. Headache
a nurse in a provider's office is providing care for a client who has minimal exposure to sunlight. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend? A. Reduce intake of Calcium rich foods B. Use sunscreen with skin protection factor SPF of 8 C. Take vitamin D supplements D. Use a tanning bed 2hr weekly
C. Take vitamin D supplements
A nurse is collecting data from a newly admitted older adult client. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A.) The client has smooth, brown, irregular lesions on the back of each hand. B.) The client has glossy, white circles around the periphery of the corneas. C.) The client reports urinary incontinence. D.) The client reports a decrease in the sense of taste.
C.) The client reports urinary incontinence.
A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD. Nurses' Notes 1000: Client admitted with a productive cough with thick yellow sputum. Breath sounds with crackles heard in left upper lobe and decreased breath sounds at bases bilaterally. Vital Signs 1000: Temperature 38.6° C (101.5° F) BP 114/56 mm Hg Heart rate 99/min Respirations 32/min Oxygen saturation 85% on room air Diagnostic Results 1200: Chest x-ray shows lung hyperinflation and left upper lobe pneumonia. Select the 3 findings that require follow-up. . Breath sounds Blood pressure Oxygen saturation Temperature Heart rate
Correct answer: Breath sounds, Oxygen saturation, Temperature. Why it is correct: These findings all indicate potential complications or exacerbations of COPD that require further assessment and intervention. Abnormal breath sounds suggest respiratory dysfunction, low oxygen saturation indicates hypoxemia, and fever suggests infection, all of which are significant concerns in the management of COPD. Why the remaining are wrong: While blood pressure and heart rate are important vital signs to monitor, they are not specifically indicative of exacerbations or complications of COPD in this scenario. The blood pressure and heart rate values provided are within normal limits and do not raise immediate concerns for follow-up in the context of COPD management. Hence, the final answers are: Breath sounds, Oxygen saturation, Temperature.
A nurse is providing oral hygiene for a client who is unconscious. Identify the sequence of the steps the nurse should take. (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the selected order of performance. Use all the steps.) Cleanse the client's mouth using a toothbrush. Assess the client's gag reflex. Position the client on their side with their head turned to the side. Place a towel under the client's head with an emesis basin under their chin. Separate the client's upper and lower teeth with an oral airway device.
Correct sequence of steps: 1-Assess the client's gag reflex. 2-Position the client on their side with their head turned to the side. 3-Place a towel under the client's head with an emesis basin under their chin. 4-Separate the client's upper and lower teeth with an oral airway device. 5-Cleanse the client's mouth using a toothbrush.
An assistive personnel (AP) asks a nurse for information about the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Which of the following information should the nurse give the AP about the purpose of HIPAA? (Select all that apply.) Mandates protection of the client's confidential health care information Sets standards for the electronic exchange of health care information Ensures health care staff ask clients on admission to a facility if they have advance directives Requires periodic reviews of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders Creates patient's right to consent to the disclosure of their protected health information
Creates patient's right to consent to the disclosure of their protected health information Mandates protection of the client's confidential health care information Sets standards for the electronic exchange of health care information
A nurse is preparing to administer a topical medication to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Show the assistive personnel where to apply the medication. B. Ask the client when the previous nurse last applied the medication. C. Identify the client by comparing the medication administration record with the client's room number. D. Compare the label of the medication container with the medication administration record three times.
D. Compare the label of the medication container with the medication administration record three times.
a nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has pneumonia and a productive cough. Which of following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "Your visitors should wear a protective gown." B. "You should receive a pneumonia vaccine every year." C. "You should stand 1ft away from others when coughing." D. "You should cover your mouth with a tissue when you cough."
D. "You should cover your mouth with a tissue when you cough."
a nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for oxygen at 7 L/min via simple face mask. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to ensure client safety? A. Keep the side holes of the mask closed B. Ensure the reservoir bag is inflated on expiration C. Apply petroleum jelly to the client's nostrils D. Attach a humidifier to the base of the flow meter
D. Attach a humidifier to the base of the flow meter
a nurse is caring for four clients. for which of the following clients should the nurse use the therapeutic communication technique of silence? A. A client who plans to leave the facility against medical advice B. A client who informs the nurse that they have made their funeral arrangements. C. A client who tells the nurse that the night shift nurse did not bring their meds. D. A client who has just experienced the death of their child.
D. a client who just experienced the death of their child
A nurse is preparing to administer oxygen to a client who has heart failure and is having severe difficulty breathing. Which of the following oxygen delivery equipment should the nurse select to provide the highest concentration of oxygen to the client? A. Nasal cannula B. Simple face mask C. Venturi mask D. Nonrebreather mask
D. nonrebreather mask
A nurse is explaining ethics and values to a newly licensed nurse. The nurse should explain that allowing a client to make a decision about a treatment is an example of which of the following ethical principles? A.) Confidentiality B.) Nonmaleficence C.) Accountability D.) Autonomy
D.) Autonomy
A nurse is planning care for a client who is disoriented and at risk for falls. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) Ensure that the client is wearing nonskid slippers. Move the bedside table away from the bedside. Place the client in a room near the nurses' station. Keep the bed's full side rails in the up position. Reinforce teaching about how to use the call bell.
Ensure that the client is wearing nonskid slippers. Place the client in a room near the nurses' station. Reinforce teaching about how to use the call bell.
A nurse is caring for a client who has dysphagia following a stroke. Which of the following interventions should the nurse use when feeding the client. A. Offer the client a straw to drink liquids. B. Place food toward the back of the clients mouth. C. Encourage the client to lie down and rest for 30 min after meals. D. Instruct the client to tilt her head forward while eating
Instruct the client to tilt her head forward while eating
A nurse is caring for a client who had a spinal cord injury and has paraplegia
Passive ROM to LE 1xday Plantar flexion contractures noted bilaterally Left heel has 1.3cm x 1.3cm area of nonblanchable erythema, skin intact
A nurse is assisting with caring for a female client who has a newly placed ileostomy. Exhibit 1, Exhibit 2 Nurses Notes 0800: Client is 2 days postoperative following an ileostomy. Pouch is one-fourth full of stool. Stoma is red. Abdomen is soft and nontender. Bowel sounds are present in all quadrants. 1200: Stoma site appears dark purple with blistering on the skin around the stoma. Slight leakage of the stool noted underneath the wafer. Pouch is 3/4 full of brown , liquid stool. Complete the following sentence by using the lists of options. The nurse should first address the color of the stoma , followed by the skin condition around the stoma 𝑣𝑣.
The nurse should first address the color of the stoma because a dark purple color indicates a lack of blood flow, which could lead to necrosis if not addressed immediately. Next, the nurse should address the skin condition around the stoma. Blistering and leakage of stool can lead to skin irritation and infection.
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following abdominal surgery. Nurses' Notes 1100:Client received from PACU; initial vital signs recorded. Client drowsy but responds to verbal stimuli. Client is oriented to person, place, and time. Client can move all extremities. Hypoactive bowel sounds. Abdominal dressing intact with drainage noted and marked. Indwelling urinary catheter in place and draining yellow urine. Infusing lactated Ringer's at 100 mL/hr to the right forearm. Client positioned for comfort, side rails raised x 2, call light in the client's reach. 1115:Provider prescriptions reviewed. 1200:Upon waking, client reports nausea and rates pain as a 6 on a scale of 0 to 10. Abdominal dressing intact, no further drainage noted. Urine output of 15 mL since 1100. Morphine 4 mg IV bolus and metoclopramide 10 mg IV bolus administered. 1230:Client reports relief from nausea, but not pain. Client ra
Urinary OP Pain Vital SIgns
A nurse is collecting data on four clients. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
Urine output of 200mL over 8 hr
Drag words from the choices below to fill in each blank in the following sentence. When prioritizing care for the client, the nurse should first Evaluate the client's response to the plan of care. Request a prescription for pressure redistribution bed. Apply hydrocolloid dressing to the client's sacrum. Options for Targets Plan a turning and positioning schedule. Perform passive range of motion exercises
Using the nursing process: 1st nurse should plan a turning and positioning schedule, apply hydrocolloid dressing to the client's sacrum, and request a prescription for a pressure redistribution bed. The nurse should ID a nonblanchable area of hyperpigmentation over intact skin as a manifestation of a stage 1 pressure injury and implement interventions to address the skin data collection findings. Manifestations of stage 1 pressure injury may differ in clients who have darkly pigmented skin tones.
A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who is being placed on transmission- based precautions. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take when caring for this client? Select all that apply. Wear an N95 mask when caring for the client. Assign the client to a negative-pressure airflow room. Perform hand hygiene before leaving the client's room. Place a trash can for soiled linens inside the client's room. Discard soiled isolation gommafter leaving the client's room.
Wear an N95 mask when caring for the client: This is only necessary if the client is on airborne precautions, not contact or droplet precautions. Assign the client to a negative-pressure airflow room: This is only necessary for some airborne infections, not all transmission-based precautions. Perform hand hygiene before leaving the client's room: This is essential for preventing the spread of infection and should be done after any contact with the client or their environment. Place a trash can for soiled linens inside the client's room: This allows for immediate disposal of contaminated materials and reduces the risk of contamination outside the room.
a nurse is reinforcing teaching about advance directives with a client who has end-stage renal disease. Which of the following clients statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? a-"I know that I can change my advance directives if I need to in the future." b- "My health care surrogate will make my health care decisions as soon as I have signed the power of attorney." c-"My family can overrule the decisions made by my health care surrogate." d-"Advance directives from one state are valid in any other state."
a-"I know that I can change my advance directives if I need to in the future."
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving intermittent enteral feedings. Which of the following is the first action the nurse should take? a-Measure the client's gastric residual before each feeding. b-Change the bag and tubing every 24ℎ𝑟. c-Document intake and output. d-Flush the tubing with 30𝑚𝐿 of water after each feeding.
a-Measure the client's gastric residual before each feeding.
a nurse is preparing to perform a wound irrigation for a client who has a stage 3 pressure injury. Which of the following supplies should the nurse plan to use? a-a piston syringe b-barrier ointment c-chilled irrigation solution d-sterile cotton balls
a-a piston syringe
A nurse is preparing a client for a Romberg test. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? a. "Stand with your feet together and your arms at your sides." b. "After I place the tuning fork, tell me when you no longer hear the sound" c. "I'm going to stroke the lateral side of the bottom of your foot." d. "Touch each fingertip as quickly as possible with your thumb."
a. "Stand with your feet together and your arms at your sides." -The Romberg test measures stability with and without the eyes closed. The nurse should instruct the client to stand with his feet together and his arms at his sides.
A nurse is using Maslow's hierarchy of needs in assisting with discharge planning for a client. Which of the following activities should the nurse recommend as the priority for this client?
attend an exercise program
A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent urinary tract infections? a-Empty the urine drainage bag every 12 hr b-Drain urine from the tubing before ambulation c-use clean technique for urine specimen collection d-hang the urine drainage bag at the level of the bladder
b-Drain urine from the tubing before ambulation
a nurse and an assistive personnel (AP) are providing postmortem care for a deceased client prior to visitation by the family. Which of the following actions by the AP requires intervention by the nurse? a-Gathering the client's personal belongings b-Removing the client's dentures c-Placing absorbent pads under the client's buttocks d-Closing the client's eyes
b-Removing the client's dentures
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for a bladder scan. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? a. "You will need to sign a consent form before we begin the procedure." b. "I will place a gel pad directly above your pubic area before I place the probe." c. "You will need to hold your urine for 1 hour prior to the procedure." d. "You will receive a contrast dye through an IV catheter prior to the scan."
b. "I will place a gel pad directly above your pubic area before I place the probe." -The nurse should use a gel pad, which promotes ultrasound transmission and accurate measurement. The correct placement of the ultrasound device is just above the symphysis pubis.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about carbohydrate counting with a client who has a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a. use pictures of different food groups to help the client plan a daily menu b. ask the client what he already knows about meal planning c. give the client a brochure with sample menus for all meals d. involve the family in the discussion of the client's meal plan
b. ask the client what he already knows about meal planning
A nurse is planning to administer medication to a client who has a C.Diff infection. Which of hte following actions should the nurse plan to take to prevent the transmission of this infection to others? a. clean hands with alcohol based hand rub immediately after removing gloves b. remove the cover gown in the client's room after providing care c. place the client in a room with negative pressure airflow d. wear a mask when administering oral meds to the client
b. remove the cover gown in the client's room after providing care.
a nurse is reinforcing teaching with anew parent who is concerned about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? a-"I will place my baby on their side to sleep." b-"I should avoid giving my baby a pacifier." c-"I will remove all stuffed animals from my baby's crib." d-"I will cover my baby with a light blanket when they are sleeping."
c-"I will remove all stuffed animals from my baby's crib."
A nurse is caring for a client who has recently undergone a total bilateral mastectomy. Which of the following statements by the client require immediate action by the nurse? a-"I don't understand why everyone is so worried about me." b-"I don't know if I'll ever find someone who wants to marry me." c-"When I look at myself in the mirror, I don't know if I can go on." d-"I feel like the doctor pressured me into having the mastectomy."
c-"When I look at myself in the mirror, I don't know if I can go on."
A nurse is assisting with the care of a recently deceased client. Which of the following actions should the nurse complete prior to the family viewing the body? a-Remove dentures b-Apply a shroud around the body with a visible ID tag c-Clean soiled areas of the body d-Place the client's head in a dependent position
c-Clean soiled areas of the body
A charge nurse is reinforcing teaching with an assistive personnel (AP) about performing pulse oximetry. Which of the following informat should the nurse include in the teaching? a-Select an alternate site to place the oximetry probe if the capillary refill is less than 2 seconds. b-Use an adhesive oximetry probe for a client who has a latex allergy. c-Remove polish from the client's fingernail before applying the oximetry probe. d-Lubricate the tip of the oximetry probe.
c-Remove polish from the client's fingernail before applying the oximetry probe.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has hypertension and a prescription to measure her blood pressure daily. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. "I will wait 15 minutes after drinking coffee to measure my blood pressure." b. "I will measure my blood pressure while my arm is elevated above my heart." c. "I should remove constrictive clothing prior to measuring my blood pressure." d. I should measure my blood pressure immediately after eating breakfast."
c. "I should remove constrictive clothing prior to measuring my blood pressure."
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about self-administration of ophthalmic drops. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a. "You will need to look to the side when you put the drops in your eye." b. "You should put the drops directly in the center of your eyeball." c. "You should cleanse your eye from the inner to the outer edge prior to putting in the drops." d. "You should avoid pressing on your tear duct after putting the drops in your eye."
c. "You should cleanse your eye from the inner to the outer edge prior to putting in the drops."-The nurse should instruct the client to cleanse the eye from the inner to the outer canthus to prevent contamination of the lacrimal duct.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the caregiver of a client who is near death. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide? a-"Encourage meals atleast 3x day." b-"Keeping the room warm will help them breathe easier." c-"Help them onto their left side if they are experiencing nausea." d-"Provide mouth care to them atleast every 12hr."
d-"Provide mouth care to them atleast every 12hr."
A nurse is preparing to remove staples from a client's incision. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. lift the staple remover when squeezing the handle b. avoid completely closing the handle after squeezing c. expect the staple to bed at each outer side of the staple d. remove the staple from the skin after both sides are visible
d. remove the staple from the skin after both sides are visible -The nurse should remove the staple from the skin after both sides of the staple area visible, which indicates proper dislodgement of the staple and prevents pulling on the skin around the incision, which can cause needless discomfort
a nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who speaks a different language than the nurse. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. avoid using gestures when communicating with the client. b. communicate with the client using a translation dictionary c. speak loudly when communicating with the client d. use printed materials written in the client's language
d. use printed materials written in the client's language
