ATI MS Endocrine Quiz with Notes

Trousseau's sign

A sign of hypocalcemia . Carpal spasm caused by inflating a blood pressure cuff above the client's systolic pressure and leaving it in place for 3 minutes.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus about the pathophysiology of the disease. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? "My cells are resistant to the effects of insulin." "My body breaks down sugars too efficiently." "My pancreas does not produce insulin." "My body produces antibodies against pancreatic beta cells."

"My cells are resistant to the effects of insulin."

A nurse is assessing a client who has Addison's disease. Which of the following skin manifestations should the nurse expect to find? Purple striae on the chest and abdomen Butterfly rash across the bridge of the nose Bronze pigmentation of skin Jaundice of the face and sclera

Bronze pigmentation of skin

A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following a parathyroidectomy to treat hyperparathyroidism. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse expect to decrease as a therapeutic effect of the procedure? Calcium Sodium Potassium Phosphorous

Calcium

A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following a bilateral adrenalectomy. The nurse should expect to administer glucocorticoids following the procedure to enhance which of the following therapeutic effects? Compensate for decrease in cortisol levels Inhibit glucose metabolism Act as a diuretic to maintain urine output Decrease susceptibility to infection

Compensate for decrease in cortisol levels

A nurse is checking laboratory values to determine if a client who has diabetes mellitus is adhering to the treatment plan. Which of the following tests should the nurse use to make this determination? Glycosylated hemoglobin levels Urine sugar and acetone Glucose tolerance test Fasting serum glucose

Glycosylated hemoglobin levels

A nurse is monitoring a client who has Graves' disease for the development of thyroid storm. The nurse should report which of the following findings to the provider? Constipation Headache Bradycardia Hypertension

Hypertension

A nurse is monitoring a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? Polyuria Dehydration Hyponatremia Hyperthermia

Hyponatremia

A nurse is assessing a client who has manifestations of acromegaly. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? Thinning of skeletal bone structure Concave chest wall High-pitched voice Increased head size

Increased head size

A nurse is caring for a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus and is displaying manifestations of hyperglycemia. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client has hyperglycemia? Hunger Increased urination Cold, clammy skin Tremors

Increased urination

A nurse is planning a community health screening for a group of clients who are at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following clients should the nurse include in the screening? Men who smoke Men and women who are obese Women who have hepatitis Men and women who consume high-protein and low-carbohydrate foods

Men and women who are obese

A nurse is planning care for a client who is experiencing the Somogyi effect and takes intermittent-acting insulin. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan? Move the evening intermediate-acting insulin dose to 90 min before dinner. Increase the client's morning caloric intake. Omit the client's evening snack. Monitor the client's nighttime blood glucose levels.

Monitor the client's nighttime blood glucose levels.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus about hypoglycemia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching? Shakiness Urinary frequency Dry mucous membranes Excess thirst

Shakiness

A nurse is caring for a client who had a thyroidectomy to treat hyperthyroidism caused by an adenoma. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? (Select all that apply.) Tachycardia and hypertension Respiratory rate 16/min Negative Chvostek's sign Laryngeal stridor and hoarseness Positive Trousseau's sign

Tachycardia and hypertension Laryngeal stridor and hoarseness Positive Trousseau's sign

A nurse is preparing a 24-hour urine specimen for a client who is suspected to have pheochromocytoma. Which of the following laboratory tests from the 24-hour urine specimen should the nurse use to determine the client's condition? Creatinine clearance Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) Protein

Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)

Graves' disease is

a common cause of hyperthyroidism, which is an imbalance of metabolism caused by the overproduction of the thyroid hormone.

The client who is experiencing a thyroid storm will have

an exaggerated condition of hyperthyroidism associated with the development of fever, hypertension, abdominal pain, and tachycardia

The client who has systemic lupus erythematosus should have

butterfly rash across the bridge of the nose.

The parathyroid hormone regulates

calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium balance within the client's blood and bone by maintaining a balance between the mineral levels in the blood and the bone. Hyperparathyroidism is associated with hypercalcemia; therefore, a decrease in the calcium level indicates an improvement in the client's condition.

Diabetes insipidus is characterized by

increased thirst (polydipsia) and increased urination (polyuria). The client who has _________ will excrete large quantities of urine with a very low specific gravity.

Addison's disease requires a diet low in

potassium because this condition causes hyperkalemia

The client who has Cushing's disease should have

purple striae (streaks or stripes) on the chest and abdomen.

A nurse is planning care for a client who has Cushing's syndrome due to chronic corticosteroid use. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care? Check the client's blood glucose for hypoglycemia. Check the client's urine specific gravity. Weigh the client weekly. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter for the client.

Check the client's urine specific gravity.

A nurse is assessing a client who has Graves' disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect the client to display? Constipation Cold intolerance Difficulty sleeping Anorexia

Difficulty sleeping

A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes insipidus. For which of the following findings should the nurse monitor? Proteinuria Oliguria Glycosuria Polyuria

Polyuria

Addison's disease

a hormone deficiency caused by damage to the outer layer of the adrenal gland (adrenal cortex). Addison's disease occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormone cortisol and, in some cases, the hormone aldosterone.The client who has Addison's disease requires a diet low in potassium and high in sodium, carbohydrates, and protein

The client who has diabetic ketoacidosis should have a blood glucose

greater than 250 mg/dL, which will cause spilling of ketones in the urine and development of metabolic acidosis.

The client who has hepatic, biliary, or gallbladder disease should

have jaundice of the face and sclera.

chronic corticosteroid use leads to

hyperglycemia

A 24-hr urine specimen for 17-OHCS is used to determine

if the client is producing an adequate amount of cortisol. An increase of cortisol in the 24-hr urine specimen can indicate the client has Cushing's disease.

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. The nurse should understand that which of the following laboratory values is consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis? Blood glucose 30 mg/dL Negative urine ketones Blood pH 7.38 Bicarbonate level 12 mEq/L

Bicarbonate level 12 mEq/L

24-hr urine specimen to test for VMA

This test is used to determine if the client has pheochromocytoma, which measures the level of catecholamine metabolites in a 24-hr urine sample. Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal gland that causes excess release of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are hormones that regulate blood pressure and heart rate.

Hunger Cold, clammy skin Tremors

due to a cholinergic response from central glucose deprivation.

A 24-hr urine specimen for creatinine clearance is used to

evaluate the client's renal function by calculating the glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys.

Chvostek's sign

facial muscle spasm after tapping the facial nerve in front of the ear. Indicates hypocalcemia, a complication of thyroid removal. This occurs when the parathyroid glands are also removed and regulation of serum calcium is impaired.

The client who has SIADH will retain

free water and have a decrease in urine output with increased urine osmolarity.