ATI peds final
A nurse is taking the history of and performing a physical on a school-age child who has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which of the following findings in the child's medical record should the nurse identify as a risk factor for ADHD? A. The child's family has a middle-class socioeconomic background. B. The child had prenatal exposure to alcohol on a regular basis. C. Both siblings of the child show moderate activity levels in school and play activities. D. The child's mother currently has diabetes mellitus.
The child had prenatal exposure to alcohol on a regular basis. Prenatal exposure to alcohol on a regular basis is a contributing factor to ADHD, along with prenatal nicotine exposure and exposure to lead or mercury.
A nurse is providing teaching about immunizations to the parents of a severely immunocompromised child who has HIV. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "Your child's immunizations today will be half-doses." B. "The pneumococcal and influenza vaccines are recommended for your child."
The pneumococcal and influenza vaccines are recommended for your child - immunizations are recc for those who HIV
A nurse is caring for a female adolescent who is being treated for frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following statements by the adolescent indicates a possible cause of the UTIs? A. "I have bowel movements every 4 to 5 days." B. "My mom taught me to wipe from front to back after going to the bathroom." C. "I urinate every 2 to 3 hr during the day." D. "I don't wear nylon underwear."
A. "I have bowel movements every 4 to 5 days." The nurse should identify that this frequency of UTIs indicates the adolescent is constipated. Therefore, large stool masses might prevent complete emptying of the bladder and lead to urinary stasis and infection.
A nurse working on a maternal-newborn unit is teaching a group of newly licensed nurses about assisting new mothers with breastfeeding. The nurse should include which of the following infant conditions as a contraindication for breastfeeding? A. Galactosemia B. Hyperbilirubinemia C. Glycogen storage disease D. Hypothyroidism
A. Galactosemia An infant who has galactosemia cannot metabolize lactose. Breast milk contains lactose, which can cause failure to thrive, cirrhosis, developmental delays, and even death in affected infants. An infant who has galactosemia is fed with formula made with milk substitutes.
A nurse is assessing a toddler who has measles (rubeola). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Koplik spots B. Parotitis C. Strawberry tongue D. Paroxysmal coughing
A. Koplik spots Koplik spots are small, irregular oral lesions with a bluish-white center. They are characteristic of measles (rubeola). Koplik spots appear about 2 days before the maculopapular rash and are accompanied by fevers, malaise, conjunctivitis, and other cold manifestations.
A nurse is providing teaching to a 13-year-old client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of diabetes mellitus management? A. "I will need to avoid snacks between meals." B. "I should check my blood glucose levels more often when I am sick." C. "I will need to limit my exercise to 1 hour per day." D. "I should consume 30 g of simple carbohydrates if I feel shaky."
B. "I should check my blood glucose levels more often when I am sick." Blood glucose levels should be checked every 3 hours during illness for a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus, even if the client consumes fewer calories than usual. Hyperglycemia often occurs with an infection, requiring additional doses of insulin.
A nurse is assessing an adolescent who has appendicitis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? A. upper right quadrant B. rigid abdomen C. hyperactive bowel sounds D. bradycardia
B. rigid abdomen - manifestation of appendicitis
A nurse is teaching the guardians of an infant who has mild gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Which of the following instructions about feeding therapies should the nurse recommend? A. "Apply the infant's diaper snugly prior to feedings." B. "Administer nasogastric feedings." C. "Thicken feedings with rice cereal." D. "Place the infant in a lateral position for 1 hour after feedings."
C. "Thicken feedings with rice cereal." The nurse should instruct the guardians about the correct way to thicken feedings with rice cereal. Thickened feedings with rice cereal decrease the infant's manifestations of GER and promote weight gain if needed.
A nurse is providing teaching to the family of a child who has autism spectrum disorder. Which of the following statements indicates that the family understands the teaching? A. "Donepezil might slow the progression of the disorder." B. "My child will prefer group therapy with other children." C. "We can help our child by structuring our daily routine." D. "Our child probably has this condition as a result of prematurity."
C. "We can help our child by structuring our daily routine."
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a child who has cerebral palsy. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? A. "Your child will be unable to eat by mouth." B. "Your child will be unable to participate in recreational activities." C. "Your child will need a botulinum toxic A injection to help with muscle spasticity.
C. "Your child will need a botulinum toxic A injection to help with muscle spasticity. reduce muscle spacity
A nurse is providing dietary teaching to the parent of a toddler who has phenylketonuria. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend? A. Whole milk B. Ground beef C. Cooked carrots D. Eggs
C. Cooked carrots The nurse should instruct the parent to offer the toddler foods that are low in protein such as cooked carrots and fruits.
A nurse is caring for a 6-year-old child who is experiencing encopresis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Instruct the child's guardian to limit stool softener use to no more than twice per week B. Encourage the child to attempt to have a bowel movement 4 times per day C. Determine if there are any recent stressors in the child's environment D. Urge the child's guardian to provide negative consequences when the child has a bowel accident
C. Determine if there are any recent stressors in the child's environment Encopresis can be caused by stress or changes in the child's environment. A. Treatment for encopresis includes emptying the bowel of impacted stool, followed by the administration of daily stool softeners for 2 to 3 months. B. The nurse should encourage the child to attempt to have a bowel movement twice daily. This will help the child establish a regular pattern of defecation. D. The guardian should pay as little attention as possible to bowel accidents and offer praise when encopresis does not occur.
A nurse in the emergency department is admitting a child who has full-thickness burns over 45% of his body. Which of the following actions should the take first A. morphine B. topical antimicrobials C. Fluid replacement D. Tenatuns
C. Fluid replacement - at risk for shock
A nurse is providing teaching to an adolescent client who has juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. apply cold compress B. take opiods C. attend school regularly D. arthritis diet
C. attend school regularly - should attend school even tho they have joint stiffness and pain
A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance about the accidental ingestion of a toxic substance to the parents of a toddler. The nurse should instruct parent to do what A. Give the toddler milk. B. Go to an emergency department. C. Call the poison control center. D. Induce vomiting
C. call poison control which will identify actions you should
A nurse is caring for a child who has been in Buck's traction for 2 days. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent complication A. Manually move the weights to the floor when the child is experiencing pain B. Check for pulses in the affected leg every 4 hr C. Cleanse the pins q 12 hrs
Check for pulses in the affected leg every 4 hours
A nurse is planning care for a preschool-age child who has autism and is being admitted to the facility. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? A. Encourage the parents to bring the child's stuffed animal B. Give the child choices when planning daily activities C. Administer phenytoin 3 times per day D. Provide a shared room with another child his age
Correct Answer: A. Encourage the parents to bring the child's stuffed animal Encouraging parents to bring in a child's favorite stuffed animal may lessen the disruptiveness of hospitalization. Incorrect Answers: B. Children who have autism have difficulty organizing behaviors; therefore, it is best not to give choices. C. Phenytoin is taken by children who have seizure disorders. D. Children who have autism need decreased stimulation and avoidance of auditory or visual distraction. A private room is preferable.
A nurse is caring for a child who has a vesicular rash. The parents of the child asks the nurse what illness can cause this rash for 6 DAYS. The nurse should expect that the child has which of the following conditions? A. Measles B. Fifth disease C. Tetanus D. Varicella
Correct Answer: D. Varicella Children who have varicella may present first with a maculopapular rash that progresses to vesicles on erythematous bases, which eventually rupture and crust over. Incorrect Answers: A. A child who has measles might develop Koplik spots, a transient cephalocaudal rash of maculopapular eruptions of the upper trunk and face. The rash becomes more confluent as it spreads to the lower areas of the body. B. Fifth disease usually begins with bright red cheeks, producing a "slapped-cheek" appearance. Then, a rash appears on the extremities and trunk. The rash fades centrally, giving a lacy (reticulated) appearance. C. A child who has tetanus will develop lockjaw and muscle rigidity; however, there is no rash associated with tetanus. The DTaP immunization aids the prevention of this disease.
A clinic nurse is providing teaching to the parent of a 1-month-old infant who has gastroesophageal reflux. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will give lansoprazole 30 min after my baby's feedings." B. "I will lay my baby on her side after feedings." C. "I will give my baby a bottle just before bedtime." D. "I will add rice cereal to my baby's feedings."
D. "I will add rice cereal to my baby's feedings." The parent should add 1 tsp to 1 tbsp of rice cereal per ounce of formula or expressed breast milk to thicken the feedings and decrease the number of vomiting episodes.
A nurse is assessing an adolescent who has sustained a broken tibia. Following the application of a fiberglass cast, the adolescent reports pain and a tingling feeling in the limb. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Give the adolescent ibuprofen B. Elevate the adolescent's leg on pillows C. Place an ice pack on the cast D. Assess for manifestations of circulatory impairment
D. Assess for manifestations of circulatory impairment
A nurse is caring for a school-aged child who has acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?'' A. Hypotension B. Elevated serum lipid levels C. Decreased serum potassium levels D. Hematuria
D. Hematuria Hematuria can be detected visually in clients who have acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
a nurse is assessing an infant who develops respiratory distress, absence of breath sounds on one side, and deviation of the trachea away from the affected side. based on these manifestation, which of the following conditions is the infant experiencing? a: tension pneumothorax b: flail chest c: pulmonary contusion d:fractures rib
a: tension pneumothorax can also become cyanotic and show asymmetry of the thorax
