ATI - RN Nutrition Online Practice 2019 A

A nurse in a provider's office is assessing a client who has HIV. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication to increase the client's nutritional intake? T-helper (CD4+) cells 700/mm3 Presence of herpes simplex virus infection HIV viral load below detectable levels Increased lean body mass

Presence of herpes simplex virus infection. T-helper (CD4+) cells 700/mm3 This finding is within the expected reference range. The nurse should recognize that a decreased CD4+ cell count is associated with a need for increased nutritional intake, and a count below 200/mm3 indicates progression to AIDS. Presence of herpes simplex virus infection Secondary infection triggers inflammatory responses that increase the client's metabolic rate. Therefore, the nurse should identify the presence of herpes simplex virus infection as an indication to increase the client's nutritional intake. HIV viral load below detectable levels The nurse should recognize that an increased HIV viral load indicates progression of the disease, which increases nutritional needs. Increased lean body mass The nurse should identify a decrease in lean body mass or fat as indicating possible HIV-associated wasting syndrome and a need for increased nutritional intake.

A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting dietary calcium intake. Which of the following food choices should the nurse include in the teaching as having the highest amount of calcium? 1 cup low-fat yogurt 1 oz cheddar cheese 1 egg ½ cup spinach

1 cup low-fat yogurt 1 cup low-fat yogurt The nurse should determine that low-fat yogurt contains 314 mg of calcium per cup, which is the highest amount of calcium; therefore, the client should limit low-fat yogurt in the diet. 1 oz cheddar cheese The nurse should recommend a different food item to limit because there is another choice that contains more calcium. Cheddar cheese contains 214 mg of calcium per ounce. 1 egg The nurse should recommend a different food item to limit because there is another choice that contains more calcium. One egg contains 25 mg of calcium. ½ cup spinach The nurse should recommend a different food item to limit because there is another choice that contains more calcium. Spinach contains 122 mg of calcium per half cup.

A nurse is assessing a client's risk for pressure injuries using the Braden scale. The client eats more than half of most meals but occasionally refuses a meal. Which of the following information should the nurse document on the nutrition category of the Braden scale? 1 (Very Poor) 2 (Probably Inadequate) 3 (Adequate) 4 (Excellent)

3 (Adequate) 1 (Very Poor) A client who scores a 1 (Very Poor) in the nutrition category of the Braden scale never finishes a complete meal, drinks little fluid, and does not drink any dietary supplements. 2 (Probably Inadequate) A client who scores a 2 (Probably Inadequate) in the nutrition category of the Braden scale only eats about half of meals or snacks and only occasionally takes dietary supplements. 3 (Adequate) A client who eats more than half of most meals, occasionally refuses a meal, and has four servings of protein each day scores a 3 (Adequate) in the nutrition category of the Braden scale. 4 (Excellent) A client who scores a 4 (Excellent) in the nutrition category of the Braden scale eats most of every meal, eats plenty of protein, and occasionally eats between meals.

A nurse is administering a continuous tube feeding at 60 mL/hr with 50 mL of water every 4 hr. What should the nurse document as the total mL of enteral fluid administered during the 8 hr shift? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Do not use a trailing zero.)

580 mL

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of a group of clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as experiencing dehydration? A client who has a potassium level of 4.4 mEq/L A client who has a hematocrit of 45% A client who has a sodium level of 150 mEq/L A client who has a BUN of 18 mg/dL

A client who has a sodium level of 150 mEq/L A client who has a potassium level of 4.4 mEq/L The nurse should identify that a potassium level of 4.4 mEq/L is within the expected reference range of 3.5 to 5 mEq/L. Hypokalemia can occur with gastrointestinal losses, leading to dehydration. Hyperkalemia can occur with a fluid volume deficit. A client who has a hematocrit of 45% The nurse should identify that a hematocrit of 45% is within the expected reference range of 42% to 52% for a male and 37% to 47% for a female. A client who is experiencing dehydration will have an elevated hematocrit. A client who has a sodium level of 150 mEq/L The nurse should identify that a sodium level of 150 mEq/L is above the expected reference range of 136 to 145 mEq/L and indicates hypernatremia. Hypernatremia, often called water deficit, is a decrease of sodium concentration in the blood caused by an excess of water. Manifestations of hypernatremia include confusion, headache, nausea, and fatigue. A client who has a BUN of 18 mg/dL The nurse should identify that a BUN of 18 mg/dL is within the expected reference range of 10 to 20 mg/dL. A client who is experiencing dehydration will have an increased BUN due to decreased urine output.

A nurse is developing an educational program about the glycemic index of foods for clients who have diabetes mellitus. Which of the following foods should the nurse identify as having the highest glycemic index? Sweet corn Macaroni Baked potato Peanuts

Baked potato Sweet corn The nurse should identify a different food because there is another choice that has a higher glycemic index. The glycemic index of sweet corn is 60. Macaroni The nurse should identify a different food because there is another choice that has a higher glycemic index. The glycemic index of macaroni is 45. Baked potato According to evidence-based practice, the nurse should identify that a baked potato has the highest glycemic index of these foods. The glycemic index of a baked potato is 85 to 90. Glycemic index is a tool used to rank foods according to the degree in which the food raises serum glucose levels. Peanuts The nurse should identify a different food because there is another choice that has a higher glycemic index. The glycemic index of peanuts is 14.

A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who is postoperative following a gastric bypass procedure. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? Eat six small meals per day. Begin each meal with a protein. Finish each meal even if feeling full. Plan to eat each meal over 15 min.

Begin each meal with a protein. Eat six small meals per day. The nurse should instruct the client to eat three meals and two snacks of a limited portion size each day. Begin each meal with a protein. The nurse should instruct the client to begin each meal by eating a protein. The client should consume 60 to 120 g of protein each day. Finish each meal even if feeling full. The nurse should instruct the client to eat slowly and to stop eating after beginning to feel full. Plan to eat each meal over 15 min. The nurse should instruct the client to eat slowly, take time to chew food well, and plan for meals to last between 30 and 60 min.

A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone a radical head and neck resection to treat cancer and is receiving radiation therapy. The nurse should monitor for which of the following potential adverse effects? Bone marrow suppression Radiation enteritis Malabsorption of nutrients Changes in the production of saliva

Changes in the production of saliva Bone marrow suppression Bone marrow suppression is an adverse effect from chemotherapy. Radiation enteritis Radiation enteritis occurs following radiation of the pelvis or abdomen, rather than the head and neck. Malabsorption of nutrients Malabsorption of nutrients is a potential complication of radiation enteritis, an effect of radiation to the abdomen and pelvis. Changes in the production of saliva Changes in salivation are a potential complication of a head and neck resection and radiation therapy.

A nurse in an acute care facility is planning care for a client who has chosen to follow Islamic dietary laws during Ramadan. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? a. Place the client on NPO status during nighttime hours. b. Provide a snack for the client after sunset. c. Offer the client hot tea with daytime meals. d. Allow the client to eat privately with their family each day at 1300.

Provide a snack for the client after sunset

A nurse is evaluating a client who is receiving a continuous enteral feeding and has diarrhea. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to reduce the client's diarrhea? Flush the client's feeding tube. Administer promethazine to the client. Decrease the rate of the feeding. Check the client's gastric residual.

Decrease the rate of the feeding. Flush the client's feeding tube. The nurse should flush the client's feeding tube before and after giving medications or if the tube is clogged. However, flushing the tube will not reduce the client's diarrhea. Administer promethazine to the client. Promethazine is administered for the treatment and prevention of nausea and vomiting, rather than diarrhea. Decrease the rate of the feeding. To prevent diarrhea, the nurse should decrease the rate of the tube feeding, which allows for better absorption of the enteral formula. Check the client's gastric residual. The nurse should check the client's gastric residual routinely to reduce the risk for aspiration and monitor the absorption of the feeding. However, this action will not reduce the client's diarrhea.

A nurse is assessing a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of hypoglycemia? Diaphoresis Bradycardia Abdominal cramps Acetone breath

Diaphoresis Diaphoresis The nurse should identify that diaphoresis, irritability, and tremors are manifestations of hypoglycemia. Bradycardia The nurse should identify that tachycardia as well as hunger are manifestations of hypoglycemia. Abdominal cramps The nurse should identify that abdominal cramps as well as nausea and vomiting are manifestations of hyperglycemia. Acetone breath The nurse should identify that breath with a fruity odor, also known as acetone breath, as well as rapid shallow breathing are manifestations of hyperglycemia.

A nurse is teaching a client who has hypertension about decreasing sodium intake. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? Use soy sauce as a marinade for meats. Season foods with herbs and spices. Select processed cheese products when available. Choose a frozen dinner for a quick meal option.

Season foods with herbs and spices Use soy sauce as a marinade for meats. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid products that are high in sodium, such as soy sauce, mayonnaise, and ketchup. Season foods with herbs and spices. The nurse should instruct the client to replace salt with herbs and spices when seasoning foods. Select processed cheese products when available. The nurse should instruct the client that processed cheeses are high in sodium and should be avoided. Choose a frozen dinner for a quick meal option. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid processed foods such as frozen dinners, which can be high in sodium.

A nurse is performing a cultural nursing assessment for a client whose religious practices include fasting 1 day each week. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask the client? (Select all that apply.) "Are you exempt from fasting during illness?" "Does fasting mean refraining from drinking liquids?" "Does your fasting occur during certain hours of the day?" "Is vegetarianism a form of fasting?" "Does fasting mean eating only a certain type of food?"

"Are you exempt from fasting during illness?" "Does fasting mean refraining from drinking liquids?" "Does your fasting occur during certain hours of the day?" "Does fasting mean eating only a certain type of food?" "Are you exempt from fasting during illness?" is correct. The nurse should ask the client if fasting is exempt during illness to determine an acceptable plan of care for the client. "Does fasting mean refraining from drinking liquids?" is correct. The nurse should ask if fasting means refraining from drinking liquids to determine an acceptable plan of care for the client. "Does your fasting occur during certain hours of the day?" is correct. The nurse should ask if there are certain hours of the day when fasting occurs to determine an acceptable plan of care for the client. "Is vegetarianism a form of fasting?" is incorrect. Vegetarianism is not a form of fasting. This is not an acceptable question for the nurse to ask the client. "Does fasting mean eating only a certain type of food?" is correct. The nurse should ask if fasting means eating only a certain type of food to determine an acceptable plan of care for the client.

A nurse is providing education to an adolescent about making nutrient-dense food choices. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? "Pasta with white sauce is a better choice than pasta with red sauce." "Sweetened fruit yogurt is a healthy breakfast choice." "Canned pinto beans are a better choice than refried beans." "Sausage is a healthy choice of protein."

"Canned pinto beans are a better choice than refried beans." "Pasta with white sauce is a better choice than pasta with red sauce." Pasta with red sauce is a better choice, because it contains less fat than pasta with white sauce. "Sweetened fruit yogurt is a healthy breakfast choice." Sweetened fruit yogurt is higher in fat and added sugars; therefore, plain, fat-free yogurt with fresh fruit is a better choice. "Canned pinto beans are a better choice than refried beans." Canned pinto beans contain less fat than refried beans. "Sausage is a healthy choice of protein." Canadian bacon or another low-fat meat is a better option for protein than sausage.

A nurse is teaching a client who is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus how to count carbohydrates. Which of the following statements made by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? I am including vegetables as starch items in my carbohydrate count." "I am limiting the number of carbohydrates to four carbohydrate choices or 60 grams per day." "I know the serving size can affect the number of carbohydrates I eat." "I know the carbohydrate count is dependent on the calories in the food item."

"I know the serving size can affect the number of carbohydrates I eat." "I am including vegetables as starch items in my carbohydrate count." The nurse should instruct the client about the difference between starchy and nonstarchy vegetables to accurately calculate the carbohydrate count. "I am limiting the number of carbohydrates to four carbohydrate choices or 60 grams per day." The nurse should instruct the client that generally three to five carbohydrate choices, or 45 g, are allowed per meal, plus one to two carbohydrate choices for each snack. "I know the serving size can affect the number of carbohydrates I eat." MY ANSWER The nurse should instruct the client that the portion size affects the number of carbohydrates. "I know the carbohydrate count is dependent on the calories in the food item." The nurse should instruct the client that the carbohydrate count is not dependent on the calorie count of a food item. Fats and proteins can provide calories as well.

A nurse is teaching an adolescent who has a new diagnosis of celiac disease. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? "I need to decrease the amount of oil I use in cooking." "I need to eat fewer acidic foods, such as tomatoes and oranges." "I need to eliminate rye from my diet." "I need to eliminate milk products from my diet."

"I need to eliminate rye from my diet." "I need to decrease the amount of oil I use in cooking."Oil content of food might need to be decreased in a client who is on a low-fat diet, but oil does not affect the manifestations of celiac disease. "I need to eat fewer acidic foods, such as tomatoes and oranges."Acidic foods do not affect the manifestations of celiac disease. "I need to eliminate rye from my diet." Eating sources of gluten, such as barley or rye, increases the manifestations of celiac disease. "I need to eliminate milk products from my diet."Clients who cannot tolerate lactose should avoid milk products.

A nurse is discussing dietary factors to assist in blood pressure management for a client who has hypertension. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? "I can drink up to three glasses of wine each day." "I should choose whole grain pastas when selecting my foods." "I should decrease my consumption of foods high in potassium." "I can use low-sodium salt substitutes when I cook my food."

"I should choose who grain pastas when selecting my foods." "I can drink up to three glasses of wine each day." The client can consume alcohol in moderation, if at all. Moderate daily alcohol intake is one drink for women and two drinks for men. "I should choose whole grain pastas when selecting my foods." Whole grains are a healthy choice of carbohydrate because they contain ingredients that lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and improve blood pressure. "I should decrease my consumption of foods high in potassium." Increased potassium levels decrease blood pressure levels. The client should increase their consumption of foods containing potassium. "I can use low-sodium salt substitutes when I cook my food." The nurse should instruct the client that low-sodium salt substitutes are not sodium-free and can contain nearly half as much sodium as table salt.

A nurse is teaching a female client about a healthy diet to control hypertension. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? "I will drink two glasses of whole milk daily." "I will decrease the potassium in my diet." "I will eat four servings of unsalted nuts per week." "I will limit alcohol consumption to three drinks per day."

"I will eat four servings of unsalted nuts per week." R: Female clients should consume four to five servings of unsalted nuts, seeds, or legumes per week for a heart-healthy diet. Should have lots of potassium to control hypertension. Drink alcohol as 1-2 drink per a day to control hypertension

A nurse is reviewing the introduction of solid foods with the guardian of a 4-month-old infant. Which of the following statements by the guardian indicates an understanding of the teaching? "My baby should consume 2 tablespoons of solid food at each feeding." "The majority of my baby's calories should come from solid food." "I will give my baby one bottle of fruit juice each day." "I will introduce a new solid food every 5 days."

"I will introduce a new solid food every 5 days." "My baby should consume 2 tablespoons of solid food at each feeding." Infants should consume 1 to 2 teaspoons of solid food initially at each feeding. "The majority of my baby's calories should come from solid food." The infant should receive the majority of calories from infant formula or breast milk. "I will give my baby one bottle of fruit juice each day." Fruit juices should be introduced at 6 months of age, limited to 120 mL (4 oz), and offered in a cup. "I will introduce a new solid food every 5 days." The client understands that new food items should be introduced every 4 to 7 days to monitor for indications of food allergies.

A home health nurse is providing dietary teaching to the guardians of a 3-year-old child. Which of the following statements by the guardians should the nurse identify as understanding of the teaching? "I will offer my child a cup of peanut butter to dip her celery in." "I can leave her grapes whole, so she can practice getting them with her fork." "I can give her popcorn as a snack to provide a serving of whole grains." "I will put low-fat milk in her cup for her to drink."

"I will put low-fat milk in her cup for her drink" "I will offer my child a cup of peanut butter to dip her celery in." The nurse should instruct the guardians to avoid giving the 3-year-old child celery or large amounts of peanut butter because both foods present a choking hazard. The guardians should spread peanut butter in a thin layer to decrease the risk of choking. "I can leave her grapes whole, so she can practice getting them with her fork." The nurse should instruct the guardians to cut items into small pieces to reduce the risk of choking. "I can give her popcorn as a snack to provide a serving of whole grains." The nurse should instruct the guardians to avoid foods that are easy to swallow whole, such as popcorn or hard pretzels, until the child is 4 years old, because they present a choking hazard. "I will put low-fat milk in her cup for her to drink." Whole milk provides necessary fat for neurological development for children up to 2 years of age, after which the child should consume low-fat or skim milk. Therefore, the nurse should identify this statement as indicating an understanding of the teaching.

A nurse is teaching a client about stress management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? "I will take a long walk every evening." "I will keep a daily diet and activity log." "I will avoid eating 1 hour before bedtime." "I will drink a full glass of water with each meal."

"I will take a long walk every evening." "I will take a long walk every evening." Exercise has many benefits, including reduction of tension, promotion of relaxation, and improved sense of well-being. All of these will assist the client in stress management. "I will keep a daily diet and activity log." Keeping a daily diet and activity log increases awareness of eating patterns and will assist the client to identify needed changes, but it will not reduce the client's stress. "I will avoid eating 1 hour before bedtime." The client should avoid eating 2 to 3 hr before bedtime to promote sleep and reduce stress. "I will drink a full glass of water with each meal." Drinking a full glass of water with each meal will promote a feeling of fullness but will not reduce stress.

A community health nurse is planning to teach a class about weight management for cardiovascular health. Which of the following statements should the nurse plan to include? a. "Limit your sodium intake to 1,800 milligrams per day." b. "Reduce your daily intake of foods that contain protein." c. "Taking a daily multivitamin will prevent cardiovascular disease." d. "Plan to lose weight gradually at ½ to 1 pound per week."

"Plan to lose weight gradually at 1/2 to 1 pound per week." R: The nurse should inform the participants that losing 0.23 to 0.45 kg (0.5 to 1 lb) per week is a healthy and attainable weight-loss goal. Setting realistic goals for weight loss is an important element of success. Trying to lose weight too quickly places clients at risk for nutritional deficiencies and inadequate energy, which can lead to frustration and defeat.

A nurse is providing teaching about lowering solid fat intake to an adolescent client who usually consumes about 2,000 calories per day. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? Choose ground beef that is at least 70% lean." "Restrict your daily meat intake to 5 ounces." "Select cheeses that contain no more than 6 grams of fat per serving." "Choose margarine that contains no more than 4 grams of saturated fat per tablespoon."

"Restrict your daily meat intake to 5 ounces." "Choose ground beef that is at least 70% lean." The nurse should instruct the client to select ground beef that is at least 90% lean. "Restrict your daily meat intake to 5 ounces." The nurse should instruct the client to limit meat intake to about 5 oz per day. A meat portion should be no larger than the size of a deck of cards. "Select cheeses that contain no more than 6 grams of fat per serving." The nurse should instruct the client to select cheeses that contain no more than 3 g of fat per serving. "Choose margarine that contains no more than 4 grams of saturated fat per tablespoon." The nurse should instruct the client to choose margarine that contains no more than 2 g of saturated fat per tablespoon.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has diabetes mellitus and an HbA1c of 8.7%. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of this laboratory value? "I should have gone to my exercise class yesterday." "This shows that my result is finally within a normal range." "This shows that I have not been following my diet." "I should have my blood work done first thing in the morning."

"This shows that I have not been following my diet." "I should have gone to my exercise class yesterday." Short-term factors, such as exercise, do not affect the client's HbA1c level. "This shows that my result is finally within a normal range." The HbA1c goal level for a client who has diabetes is between 6.5% and 7%. An HbA1c level of 8.7% indicates less than optimal diabetic control. "This shows that I have not been following my diet." An HbA1c level of 8.7% is not within the expected reference range. The HbA1c goal level for a client who has diabetes is between 6.5% and 7%. "I should have my blood work done first thing in the morning." The client can give a blood sample at any time of the day because the HbA1c level indicates the average blood glucose levels for the previous 100- to 120-day period. Fasting is not required.

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a postpartum client about breast milk use and storage. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? a. "Refrigerate unused breast milk immediately after bottle feeding." b. "You cannot place thawed breast milk back in the freezer." c. "You can store expressed breast milk in the freezer for up to 18 months." d. "Defrost frozen breast milk on the lowest defrost setting in the microwave."

"You cannot place thawed breast milk back in the freezer" R: The nurse should instruct the client that completely thawed breast milk can be stored in the refrigerator but must be used within 24 hr. Breast milk that has been previously frozen should not be refrozen once it has thawed completely. Thawing creates a possibility for bacterial growth and causes a decrease in antibacterial activity, which destroys antibodies in the milk.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and is prescribed an oral diet. The client asks the nurse why the TPN is being continued since he is now eating. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? "Your blood glucose levels need to be within a normal range before the parenteral nutrition can be stopped." "You should consume at least 60 percent of your calories orally before the parenteral nutrition can be discontinued." "You should have a weight gain of at least 1 kilogram per day before the therapy is stopped." "Your bowel movements need to be regular before the therapy can be discontinued."

"You should consume at least 60 percent of your calories orally before the parenteral nutrition can be discontinued." "Your blood glucose levels need to be within a normal range before the parenteral nutrition can be stopped." Blood glucose levels are monitored when a client is receiving TPN; however, this is not a criterion for discontinuation of the therapy. "You should consume at least 60 percent of your calories orally before the parenteral nutrition can be discontinued." TPN can be discontinued when oral intake exceeds at least 60% of the client's estimated daily caloric requirements. "You should have a weight gain of at least 1 kilogram per day before the therapy is stopped." A weight gain of 1 kg/day is indicative of fluid overload, an adverse effect of TPN. "Your bowel movements need to be regular before the therapy can be discontinued." Bowel function is monitored when a client is receiving TPN; however, it is not a criterion for discontinuation of the therapy.

A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client who has osteoporosis. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following foods has the highest amount of calcium? 1 cup avocado 2 tablespoons peanut butter ½ cup roasted sunflower seeds ½ cup roasted almonds

1/2 cup roasted almonds 1 cup avocado The nurse should recommend a different food because there is another choice that contains a higher amount of calcium. One cup of avocado contains 18 mg of calcium. 2 tablespoons peanut butter The nurse should recommend a different food because there is another choice that contains a higher amount of calcium. Two tablespoons of peanut butter contain 17 mg of calcium. ½ cup roasted sunflower seeds The nurse should recommend a different food because there is another choice that contains a higher amount of calcium. One half cup of roasted sunflower seeds contains 45 mg of calcium. ½ cup roasted almonds The nurse should determine that ½ cup roasted almonds is the best food source to recommend because ½ cup of almonds contains 185 mg of calcium. Calcium helps to prevent bone loss in clients who have osteoporosis.

A client is experiencing anorexia related to cancer treatment. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement to increase the client's nutritional intake? Recommend cooking aromatic foods to stimulate appetite. Serve hot foods rather than cold foods. Instruct the client to eat three meals per day. Add extra calories and protein to every meal.

Add extra calories and protein to every meal R: Adding extra calories and protein to every meal will increase the client's nutritional intake. Cancer treatments can cause an increased sensitivity to odors, precipitating nausea and increasing anorexia. The nurse should serve cold foods rather than hot foods. Hot foods emit odors that can further decrease the client's appetite. The nurse should advise the client to eat small, frequent meals approximately every 2 hr.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has dumping syndrome. Which of the following information should the nurse include? Drink liquids with meals. Apply pectin to foods. Remain active after eating a meal. Replace sugars with honey.

Apply pectin to foods. Drink liquids with meals. The client should avoid drinking liquids with meals to decrease manifestations of dumping syndrome. The client should wait 30 min before and after a meal to drink liquids. Apply pectin to foods. The client should apply pectin, a dietary fiber that helps to delay gastric emptying, to foods. Remain active after eating a meal. The client should lie down and rest for at least 15 min after eating a meal to decrease manifestations of dumping syndrome. Replace sugars with honey. The client should avoid simple sugars because they can increase manifestations of dumping syndrome. Simple sugars include honey, sugar, and syrup.

A nurse is assessing a client who has an elevated blood pressure, headache, and is sweating. The client recently started taking an MAOI. The nurse should question the client regarding the consumption of which of the following foods? Grapefruit juice Whole milk Whole grain bread Cheddar cheese

Cheddar cheese Grapefruit juice Grapefruit juice contains little or no tyramine; therefore, consumption is not restricted for clients who are taking MAOIs. Whole milk Whole milk contains little or no tyramine; therefore, consumption is not restricted for clients who are taking MAOIs. Whole grain bread Whole grain bread contains little or no tyramine; therefore, consumption is not restricted for clients who are taking MAOIs. Cheddar cheese Clients who take MAOIs should avoid the consumption of most types of cheese and other foods that contain high levels of tyramine, which can lead to hypertensive crisis.

A nurse is assessing a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize which of the following as a manifestation of hypoglycemia? Confusion Polydipsia Vomiting Ketonuria

Confusion Confusion The nurse should recognize confusion as a manifestation of hypoglycemia. Polydipsia The nurse should recognize polydipsia as a manifestation of hyperglycemia. Vomiting The nurse should recognize vomiting as a manifestation of hyperglycemia. Ketonuria The nurse should recognize ketonuria as a manifestation of hyperglycemia.

A nurse is teaching a client about measures to reduce the risk of osteomalacia. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? Consume 20 mcg of vitamin D daily. Avoid foods with copious amounts of antioxidants. Increase intake of foods high in purine. Take 150 mg of vitamin E daily.

Consume 20 mcg of vitamin D daily. Consume 20 mcg of vitamin D daily. The nurse should instruct the client to consume 20 mcg of vitamin D daily. Osteomalacia is characterized by a lack of vitamin D, which leads to insufficient bone mineralization. This disorder coincides with osteoporosis, thereby increasing the risk of falls leading to fractures in older adult clients. Vitamin D supplements are recommended for clients age 65 and older to decrease bone loss and maintain bone mineralization, thereby reducing the risk of a softening of the bones. Avoid foods with copious amounts of antioxidants. The nurse should instruct the client to eat foods rich in antioxidants. Antioxidants protect cells from being destroyed by free radicals. Antioxidants include vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene. However, eating foods with copious amounts of antioxidants have not been shown to reduce the risk of osteomalacia. Osteomalacia is characterized by a lack of vitamin D which leads to insufficient bone mineralization. This disorder coincides with osteoporosis, thereby increasing the risk of falls leading to fractures in older adult clients. Increase intake of foods high in purine. The nurse should instruct a client who has gout to decrease intake of foods that contain purine, such as organ meats and certain types of seafood. These foods increase uric acid levels, which exacerbate the possibility of an acute attack. Osteomalacia is characterized by a lack of vitamin D which leads to insufficient bone mineralization. This disorder coincides with osteoporosis, thereby increasing the risk of falls leading to fractures in older adult clients. Take 150 mg of vitamin E daily. The recommended dose of vitamin E is 15 mg per day. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects the lungs and RBCs but does not reduce the risk of developing osteomalacia. In large amounts, it can decrease platelet aggregation, which can interfere with blood clotting in older adult clients. Osteomalacia is characterized by a lack of vitamin D which leads to insufficient bone mineralization. This disorder coincides with osteoporosis, thereby increasing the risk of falls leading to fractures in older adult clients.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has dumping syndrome and is experiencing weight loss. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Consume liquids between meals Consume liquids between meals. The nurse should teach the client to drink liquids between meals to slow movement of food from the stomach. Increase intake of simple carbohydrates. The nurse should teach the client that complex carbohydrates are better tolerated than simple carbohydrates. Decrease foods high in fat content. The nurse should teach the client that high-fat foods are not a cause of dumping syndrome. Eat meals low in protein. The nurse should teach the client that a high-protein diet is not a cause of dumping syndrome and can improve anemia.

A nurse is assessing a client who has fluid volume excess. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? Weak peripheral pulses Increased hematocrit Crackles in the lungs Weight loss from baseline

Crackles in the lungs Weak peripheral pulses The nurse should identify that a client who has fluid volume excess can have bounding pulses. A client who has fluid volume deficit can have a weak and thready pulse. Increased hematocrit The nurse should identify that a client who has fluid volume excess can have a decreased hematocrit. A client who has a fluid volume deficit can have an increased hematocrit. Crackles in the lungs The nurse should identify that a client who has fluid volume excess can develop crackles in the lungs, shortness of breath, and dyspnea. Weight loss from baseline The nurse should identify that a client who has fluid volume excess can experience a weight gain. A client who has fluid volume deficit can experience weight loss.

A nurse is preparing a health promotion seminar for a group of clients about cancer prevention. Which of the following information should the nurse include? Consume high-calorie foods and beverages at meal time. Eat at least 2.5 cups of fruits and vegetables each day. Plan to perform moderate-intensity exercise for 90 min/week. Limit alcohol consumption to no more than three drinks per day.

Eat at least 2.5 cups of fruits and vegetables each day. Consume high-calorie foods and beverages at meal time. The nurse should include in the teaching that clients should avoid consuming high-calorie foods and beverages to decrease the risk for cancer. Being overweight or obese can increase hormones that promote cancer cell development and growth. Eat at least 2.5 cups of fruits and vegetables each day. The nurse should include in the teaching that clients should eat at least 2.5 cups of fruits and vegetables daily to help maintain body weight and reduce the risk for cancer of the lung and gastrointestinal system. Plan to perform moderate-intensity exercise for 90 min/week. The nurse should include in the teaching that clients should engage in at least 150 min of moderate-intensity exercise each week to decrease the risk of obesity. Being overweight or obese can increase hormones that can promote cancer cell development and growth. Limit alcohol consumption to no more than three drinks per day. The nurse should include in the teaching that clients should limit alcohol consumption to one to two drinks per day, because excessive alcohol intake can increase the risk of certain types of cancer.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for parenteral nutrition (PN) containing a mixture of dextrose, amino acids, and lipids. Prior to administration of the PN, the nurse should report which of the ofllowing food allergies to a provider? Gelatin Peanuts Shellfish Eggs

Eggs Gelatin There is no indication that a gelatin allergy has an effect on the administration of PN. Therefore, the nurse should report this allergy to the dietitian, rather than the provider. Peanuts There is no indication that a peanut allergy has an effect on the administration of PN. Therefore, the nurse should report this allergy to the dietitian, rather than the provider. Shellfish There is no indication that a shellfish allergy has an effect on the administration of PN. Therefore, the nurse should report this allergy to the dietitian, rather than the provider. Eggs Lipid emulsions are isotonic and are composed of soybean or safflower plus soybean oil, with egg phospholipid used as an emulsifier. Clients who are allergic to eggs can have a reaction to the emulsifier. Therefore, the nurse should report this finding to the provider.

A nurse is assessing a client who is suspected of having lactose intolerance. Which of the following is an expected finding? Flatulence Bloody stools Hyperemesis Steatorrhea

Flatulence Flatulence Flatulence, bloating, and cramping, and diarrhea are expected findings associated with lactose intolerance. Bloody stools Bloody stools is not a finding associated with lactose intolerance. Hyperemesis Hyperemesis is not a finding associated with lactose intolerance. Steatorrhea Steatorrhea, the excretion of large quantities of fat in the stool, is not a finding associated with lactose intolerance.

A nurse is caring for a client who is at 8 weeks gestation and has a BMI of 34. The client asks about weight goals during her pregnancy. The nurse should advise the client to do which of the following? Maintain her current BMI. Gain approximately 6.8 kg (15 lb). Lower her BMI to 30. Gain 12.7 to 15.8 kg (28 to 35 lb).

Gain approximately 6.8 kg (15 lb). Maintain her current BMI. The nurse should advise the client to gain some weight during pregnancy, but less weight than clients whose BMI is within the expected reference range or lower. Gain approximately 6.8 kg (15 lb). The nurse should advise the client that based on her BMI, she should gain 4.9 to 9.1 kg (11 to 20 lb) during her pregnancy. Lower her BMI to 30. The nurse should advise the client that she should not attempt to lose weight during pregnancy. Losing too much weight during pregnancy could potentially have negative effects on the fetus, such as low birth weight and vitamin deficiencies. Gain 12.7 to 15.8 kg (28 to 35 lb). The nurse should advise the client that a weight gain of 12.7 to 15.8 kg (28 to 35 lb) during pregnancy is too high for a client who has a BMI of 34.

A nurse is providing information to a client who has a prescription for atorvastatin. Which of the following beverages should the nurse include in the information as contraindicated while taking this medication? Orange juice Coffee Grapefruit juice Milk

Grapefruit juice Orange juice The nurse should teach the client that it is safe to take atorvastatin with orange juice. Coffee The nurse should teach the client that it is safe to take atorvastatin with coffee. Grapefruit juice The nurse should teach the client to avoid taking atorvastatin with grapefruit juice because it can increase serum levels of the medication, which can increase the risk for rhabdomyolysis and toxicity. Milk The nurse should teach the client that it is safe to take atorvastatin with milk.

A nurse is caring for a client who has an acute inflammatory bowel disease. Which of the following nutritional supplements should the nurse anticipate providing to this client? a.Hydrolyzed formula Polymeric formula Milk-based supplement formula Modular product supplement formula

Hydrolyzed formula Hydrolyzed formula Hydrolyzed or elemental formula provides protein and other nutrients in their simplest form, requiring little or no digestion and decreasing stimulation of the bowel. This type of formula is beneficial for clients who have impaired digestion due to conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. Polymeric formula Polymeric formula contains complex nutrient molecules and is not indicated for clients who have impaired digestion. Milk-based supplement formula Milk-based supplemental formulas contain lactose and are poorly tolerated by clients who have inflammatory bowel disease. Modular product supplement formula Modular formulas are intended to increase the intake of a specific nutrient without increasing volume; they are not intended for clients who have impaired digestion.

A nurse is teaching about nutritional requirements for a client who is starting a vegetarian diet. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? a.Consume high-fat cheese to replace meats when on a vegetarian diet. b.A vegetarian diet is high in vitamin B12. c.Fewer calories are required when on a vegetarian diet. Include two servings per day of nuts when on a vegetarian diet.

Include two servings per day of nuts when on a vegetarian diet R: The nurse should instruct the client to eat two servings of nuts or flaxseed per day to receive the daily requirement of omega-3 fatty acids. Consume high-fat cheese to replace meats when on a vegetarian diet........The nurse should instruct the client to consume low-fat cheese as a protein substitute. High-fat cheese has more saturated fat and calories than meat. A vegetarian diet is high in vitamin B12. ......Foods that contain vitamin B12 are animal-related. The best sources of dietary vitamin B12 are meats and other animal products. As vitamin B12 is generally not present in plant-based foods, the nurse should instruct the client to take vitamin B12 supplements or consume foods fortified with B12 to compensate for a potential deficiency. Fewer calories are required when on a vegetarian diet.......Clients who are consuming a vegetarian diet require a deceased intake of dietary fat rather than fewer calories. The nurse should instruct the client to increase intake of nutrient-dense foods to avoid the breakdown of the body's protein for energy requirements.

A nurse is creating a plan of care for a client who has mucositis following a head and neck radiation therapy to treat cancer. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan? a. Encourage three servings of citrus foods daily. b. Provide lemon-glycerin swabs for oral hygiene after meals. c. Increase fluid intake to 2 L per day. d. Heat oral hygiene mouth rinses before use.

Increase fluid intake to 2 L per day

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who has acute pancreatitis. Which of the following is an expected finding? Increased calcium Decreased bilirubin Increased glucose Decreased alkaline phosphatase

Increased glucose Increased calcium The nurse should anticipate decreased calcium as an expected finding in a client who has acute pancreatitis. Decreased bilirubin The nurse should anticipate increased bilirubin as an expected finding in a client who has acute pancreatitis. Increased glucose The nurse should expect an increased glucose level in a client who has acute pancreatitis due to decreased insulin production by the pancreas. Decreased alkaline phosphatase The nurse should anticipate increased alkaline phosphatase as an expected finding in a client who has acute pancreatitis.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) through a peripherally inserted central catheter. The pharmacist informs the nurse that there will be a delay in delivering the next bag of TPN solution. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Slow the rate of the current infusion. Infuse 0.9% sodium chloride when the current infusion ends. Infuse dextrose 10% in water when the current infusion ends. Remove the tubing and flush the access device when the current infusion ends.

Infuse dextrole 10% in water when the current infusion ends. Slow the rate of the current infusion. The TPN flow rate must remain consistent. Slowing it and then later resuming the prescribed rate increases the risk of inadequate nutrition and metabolic complications. Infuse 0.9% sodium chloride when the current infusion ends. TPN contains high concentrations of specific nutrients. Infusing 0.9% sodium chloride can cause rapid shifts in serum levels of some substances. Infuse dextrose 10% in water when the current infusion ends. TPN contains high concentrations of dextrose and proteins. To avoid hypoglycemia, the nurse should infuse dextrose 10% or 20% in water until the next bag of TPN solution arrives. Remove the tubing and flush the access device when the current infusion ends. Abruptly stopping a TPN infusion can lead to multiple metabolic complications.

A nurse is providing dietary instructions for a client who has a prescription for warfarin. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend the client eat in moderation while taking this medication? eafy green vegetables Whole grains Fruits with skin Nuts and seeds

Leafy green vegetables Leafy green vegetables The nurse should recommend the client eat in moderation and maintain consistent intake of leafy green vegetables, which contain a natural form of vitamin K that can negate the anticoagulation effects of warfarin. Whole grains Whole grains do not affect the action of warfarin. Fruits with skin Fruits with skin do not affect the action of warfarin. Nuts and seeds Nuts and seeds do not affect the action of warfarin.

A nurse is teaching a client who reports constipation about ways to increase dietary intake of fiber. Which of the following information should the nurse include? Replace legumes with broiled meats. Consume ½ cup of bran daily. Leave the skin on when eating fruit. Decrease fluid intake while increasing fiber.

Leave the skin on when eating fruit. Replace legumes with broiled meats. The nurse should instruct the client to replace meat-based meals with meals that feature dried peas or beans to add fiber to the diet. Consume ½ cup of bran daily. The nurse should instruct the client to add a small amount of bran to the daily diet, working up to 3 tablespoons daily, which is less than ¼ cup. Adding fiber gradually should prevent abdominal distention and excessive flatus. Leave the skin on when eating fruit. The nurse should instruct the client that consuming the skin on fruits and vegetables adds fiber to the diet. Decrease fluid intake while increasing fiber. The nurse should instruct the client to increase fluid intake as fiber intake increases to prevent constipation, abdominal distention, and excessive flatus. The client should consume at least eight 240-mL (8-oz) glasses of water daily.

A nurse is caring for an adolescent who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to assess for Somogyi phenommenon? Monitor blood glucose levels during the night. Check for urinary ketones at the same time each day for 1 week. Perform an oral glucose tolerance test after administering a dose of insulin. Compare current glycosylated hemoglobin level with the level at time of diagnosis.

Monitor blood glucose levels during the night. Monitor blood glucose levels during the night. Somogyi phenomenon is fasting hyperglycemia that occurs in the morning in response to hypoglycemia during the nighttime. The nurse should assess for this phenomenon by monitoring blood glucose levels during the night. Check for urinary ketones at the same time each day for 1 week. The nurse's assessment of urinary ketones at the same time each day for 1 week is not an effective method of assessing for Somogyi phenomenon. Testing for urinary ketones occurs when a client is experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis. Perform an oral glucose tolerance test after administering a dose of insulin. The nurse's administration of an oral glucose tolerance test after administering a dose of insulin is not an effective method of assessing for Somogyi phenomenon. Compare current glycosylated hemoglobin level with the level at time of diagnosis. The nurse's comparison of the current glycosylated hemoglobin level with the level at time of diagnosis is not an effective method of assessing for Somogyi phenomenon. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels are tested to diagnose diabetes and measure compliance and therapeutic effect of a client's diabetic regimen.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous enteral tube feedings. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent aspiration?

Monitor gastric residuals every 4 hr Monitor gastric residuals every 4 hr. The nurse can identify delayed gastric emptying by monitoring gastric residuals regularly. Delayed gastric emptying places the client at risk for aspiration and can necessitate a decrease in the feeding rate. Maintain elevation of the head of the client's bed at 15°. The head of the client's bed should be elevated to between 30º and 45° during the feeding and for at least 1 hr afterward. Confirm proper tube placement by radiograph every 24 hr. Confirmation of proper tube placement by radiograph should take place before initiating enteral tube feedings. It is not necessary to confirm placement again unless there is an indication that the tube has become displaced. Flush tubing with 30 mL of water before and after medications. Flushing the tube with 30 to 50 mL of water before and after medication administration helps maintain tube patency but does not help prevent aspiration.

A nurse is caring for a client who expressed a desire to lose weight. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a.Recommend checking weight once weekly. b.Obtain a 24-hr dietary recall. Assist with creating an exercise plan. Initiate a plan for diet modification.

Obtain a 24-hr dietary recall. Recommend checking weight once weekly. The nurse should recommend the client weigh themselves regularly to monitor weight loss or gain; however, there is another action the nurse should take first. Obtain a 24-hr dietary recall. The first action the nurse should take using the nursing process is to obtain a diet history, such as a 24-hr dietary recall. Having the client write down everything consumed over a 24-hr period is a crucial component of the assessment process to identify eating behaviors and therefore be able to recommend dietary modifications based on the data received. Assist with creating an exercise plan. The nurse should assist the client with the creation of a personalized exercise plan to increase strength and promote weight loss; however, there is another action the nurse should take first. Initiate a plan for diet modification. The nurse should initiate a personalized diet modification plan with the client based on the client's assessment data to promote weight loss; however, there is another action the nurse should take first.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is vegetarian and requires an increase in zinc intake. Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the teaching as the best source of zinc? Pineapple Green grapes Cauliflower Pinto beans

Pinto beans

A nurse is teaching a prenatal education class about breastfeeding. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? Offer supplemental formula until the milk supply is established. Offer the newborn 30 mL (1 oz) of glucose water after the first breastfeeding session. Plan to breastfeed the newborn every 4 hr. Plan 5-min feedings on each breast on the first day after birth.

Plan 5-min feedings on each breast on the first day after birth. Offer supplemental formula until the milk supply is established. The nurse should instruct the clients to avoid using supplemental formula or water with artificial nipples to decrease the risk of nipple confusion. Offer the newborn 30 mL (1 oz) of glucose water after the first breastfeeding session. The nurse should instruct the clients to avoid offering the newborn fluids other than breast milk to promote milk production. Plan to breastfeed the newborn every 4 hr. The nurse should instruct the clients to breastfeed on demand when the newborn shows indications of hunger, usually 8 to 12 times per day. Plan 5-min feedings on each breast on the first day after birth. MY ANSWER The nurse should instruct the clients to let the newborn nurse for 5 min on each breast on the first day to promote milk production.

A nurse is caring for a client who is dehydrated and is receiving intermittent enteral feeding. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? Use a low-fat formula for administration. Chill the formula prior to administration. Provide the formula as a continuous infusion. Dilute the formula before administration.

Provide the formula as a continuous infusion Use a low-fat formula for administration. A client who is experiencing distention and bloating should receive a low-fat formula. A client experiencing dehydration should receive a low-protein formula. Chill the formula prior to administration. A chilled formula can cause abdominal distention and cramping. The nurse should warm the formula to room temperature prior to administration. The temperature of the formula does not affect the client's dehydration status. Provide the formula as a continuous infusion. A client who is experiencing dehydration should receive a continuous infusion to prevent receiving a high carbohydrate load with each feeding. Dilute the formula before administration. A client who is experiencing dehydration should receive additional water, but diluting the formula will also reduce the amount of nutrients the client receives.

A nurse is planning dietary teaching for a client who has dumping syndrome following a gastrectomy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the client's plan of care? se simple sugars to sweeten foods. Remain upright for 1 hr following meals. Limit eating to three large meals per day. Select grains with less than 2 g fiber per serving

Select grains with less than 2 g fiber per serving. Use simple sugars to sweeten foods. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid simple sugars and sugar alcohols, which make food mass more hypertonic, causing a greater fluid volume shift and triggering dumping syndrome. Remain upright for 1 hr following meals. The nurse should instruct the client to lie down after eating to slow the movement of food through the gastrointestinal system. Limit eating to three large meals per day. The nurse should instruct the client to eat small, frequent meals to slow gastric emptying. Select grains with less than 2 g fiber per serving. Clients at risk for dumping syndrome better tolerate low-fiber grains that contain less than 2 g fiber per serving to slow gastric emptying.

A nurse is preparing to bottle feed an infant who has cleft lip. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to reduce the risk of aspiration? Burp the infant once at the end of the feeding. Use a bottle that has a two-way valve. Place a low-flow rate nipple on the bottle. Squeeze the infant's cheeks together while feeding.

Squeeze the infant's cheeks together when feeding. Burp the infant once at the end of the feeding. The nurse should burp the infant after each ounce of feeding or at least two to three times during the feeding. Infants who have a cleft lip can swallow air while feeding, which can cause vomiting and an increased risk of aspiration. Use a bottle that has a two-way valve. The nurse should use a bottle with a bottle with a one-way valve to assist the infant in effective feeding, because this allows the liquid to flow into the infant's mouth rather than back into the bottle. Providing an effective flow of formula reduces the risk of aspiration. Place a low-flow rate nipple on the bottle. The nurse should place a high-flow rate nipple on the bottle because the infant can have difficulty achieving a good seal, which decreases suction and increases the risk of aspiration. Squeeze the infant's cheeks together while feeding. The nurse should identify that an infant who has a cleft lip will have difficulty in obtaining an adequate seal during feeding. The nurse should gently squeeze the infant's cheeks together to decrease the width of the cleft, allowing the infant to achieve a better seal, which reduces the risk of aspiration.

A home health nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who had an open reduction internal fixation of the tibia. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for impaired would healing? The client's hemoglobin is 15 g/dL. The client's peripheral pulses are +3 distal to the affected extremity. The client consumes 1,000 kcal daily. The client takes zinc supplements.

The client consumes 1,000 kcal daily. The client's hemoglobin is 15 g/dL. A hemoglobin level of 15 g/dL is within the expected reference range of 14 to 18 g/dL in men and 12 to 16 g/dL in women. A hemoglobin level below the expected reference range is a risk factor for impaired wound healing. The client's peripheral pulses are +3 distal to the affected extremity. Pulses +3 strength are an expected finding. The nurse should identify decreased tissue perfusion as a risk factor for impaired wound healing. The client consumes 1,000 kcal daily. Adults who have had surgery require at least 1,500 kcal daily to meet energy needs and build protein for tissue healing. The nurse should recognize that a 1,000 kcal/day intake is below the client's needs. The client takes zinc supplements. The body uses zinc to build proteins and aid the immune response. The nurse should identify this finding as a factor that will promote wound healing.

A nurse in a long-term care facility is monitoring a client during mealtime who has Parkinson's disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as the priority? The client eats all of their cake and a few bites of bread. The client drools while eating. The client's hand trembles when they holds their spoon. The client chooses to sit alone during the meal

The client drools while eating. The client eats all of their cake and a few bites of bread. Eating small portions of non-nutritious foods instead of high-protein, high-calorie foods indicates that the client might be at risk for malnutrition; however, the nurse should identify another finding as the priority. The client drools while eating. Drooling while eating can indicate that this client is at greatest risk for aspiration of food from dysphagia, which can lead to pulmonary complications; therefore, the nurse should identify this as the priority finding. The client's hand trembles when they holds their spoon. The nurse should offer the client assistance with feeding to promote adequate food and fluid intake; however, the nurse should identify another finding as the priority. The client chooses to sit alone during the meal. The nurse should identify that the client is at risk for social isolation due to the disease process, which can lead to depression; however, the nurse should identify another finding as the priority.

A nurse is assessing a client for dysphagia following a stroke. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as a manifestation of dysphagia? The client reports abdominal pain after eating. The client has an increase in bowel sounds after eating. The client has an increased interest in eating. The client's voice changes after eating.

The client's voice changes after eating. The client reports abdominal pain after eating. The nurse should identify that painful swallowing is a manifestation of dysphagia. The client has an increase in bowel sounds after eating. The nurse should identify that peristalsis increases after eating to promote the passage of food through the intestines. This is an expected finding of gastrointestinal functioning, not a manifestation of dysphagia. The client has an increased interest in eating. The nurse should identify that clients who have dysphagia can become discouraged while eating and consume less food, possibly leading to malnutrition. The client's voice changes after eating. The nurse should identify that hoarseness or a change in voice after eating is a manifestation of dysphagia because partially swallowed food can alter the client's voice.

A nurse in a clinic is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who recently began a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. Which of the following laboratory findings indicates the client has reached one of the goals of the DASH diet? Sodium 150 mEq/L Chloride 106 mEq/L Fasting glucose 130 mg/dL Total cholesterol 190 mg/dL

Total cholesterol 190 mg/dL Sodium 150 mEq/L A feature of the DASH diet is a reduction in sodium intake. This laboratory finding is above the expected reference range of 135 to 145 mEq/L for sodium and indicates that the client has not reached a goal of the DASH diet. Chloride 106 mEq/L This laboratory finding is within the expected reference range of 98 to 106 mEq/L, but it is not an indication of achieving a goal of a DASH diet. Fasting glucose 130 mg/dL A feature of the DASH diet is a reduction in serum glucose, as hyperglycemia is an associated risk factor for hypertension and coronary heart disease. This laboratory finding is above the expected reference range of 70 to 130 mg/dL and indicates that the client has not reached a goal of the DASH diet. Total cholesterol 190 mg/dL A feature of the DASH diet is a reduction in total cholesterol. This laboratory finding is within the expected reference range of cholesterol less than 200 mg/dL, and indicates that the client has achieved one of the goals of the DASH diet.

A nurse is caring for a client who adheres to a kosher diet. Which of the following food choices would be appropriate for this client? a. Vegetable salad with cheese b. Lean cuts of pork c. Turkey and cheese on rye bread d. Shrimp salad and crackers

Vegetable salad with cheese R: Clients who adhere to a kosher diet can eat dairy products combined with non-meat products at the same meal. Don't eat shellfish or pork.

A nurse is teaching about increasing dietary intake of micronutrients to a client who has difficulty seeing at night. Which of the following micronutrients should the nurse include in the teaching? Vitamin A Calcium Vitamin B6 Phosphorus

Vitamin A Vitamin A Vitamin A enables the eyes to adapt to dim lighting more rapidly at night, which improves night vision. Calcium Calcium facilitates nerve transmission and cell membrane permeability, but it is not a micronutrient that improves night vision. Vitamin B6 Vitamin B6 assists in the formation of heme in hemoglobin and the synthesis of neurotransmitters, but it is not a micronutrient that improves night vision. Phosphorus Phosphorus assists in the formation of bones and teeth and the regulation of hormone activity, but it is not a micronutrient that improves night vision.