Atoms & Elements study island 8th grade
___________ have a charge of +1.
Protons
An atom has at least one positive proton and at least one negative electron. Which of the following is true about the protons and electrons in an atom?
Protons and electrons are far apart with lots of empty space in between.
_______ and _______ are located in the nucleus of the atom, while _______ exist in areas of probability around the nucleus.
Protons; neutrons; electrons
Which of the following is a feature of the electron cloud model of an atom?
Electrons travel unpredictably.
Which of the following elements is the most reactive?
Fr
Ryan wants to identify an element. Which piece of information would best help Ryan identify the element?
how many protons the element has
An electron has a mass
that is about 2,000 times less than the mass of a proton.
A neutron has a mass
that is about equal to the mass of a proton.
If an atom has 16 protons, 12 neutrons, and 18 electrons, what is the atom's electrical charge?
-2
If an atom has 17 protons, 15 neutrons, and 19 electrons, what is the atom's electrical charge?
-2
If an atom has 15 protons, 11 neutrons, and 18 electrons, what is the atom's electrical charge?
-3
If an atom has 16 protons, 14 neutrons, and 19 electrons, what is the atom's electrical charge?
-3
If an atom has 16 protons, 15 neutrons, and 19 electrons, what is the atom's electrical charge?
-3
A proton has a mass of
1 atomic mass unit.
British scientist John Dalton is best known for his atomic theory. Which of the following ideas is part of Dalton's theory?
All atoms of a given element are identical. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are rearranged. Atoms of different elements are unique and can combine to form compounds. All matter is made up of atoms, which cannot be destroyed or broken down.
Which of the following ideas did Greek philosopher Democritus contribute to the atomic theory?
All matter is composed of small particles, which combine to make larger objects.
Which of the following is a metal?
Calcium (Ca) Sodium (Na) Iron (Fe)
The element with the chemical symbol _______ is a nonmetal.
Cl
Which of the following elements is the most reactive?
Cl
Which of the following elements is the most reactive?
Cs
Which of the following is a nonmetal?
Iodine (I)
Based on the periodic table above, which of the following elements is a metal?
Li
Electrons orbit around the nucleus of atoms in allowed energy states. This is the basis of the theory of which scientist?
Niels Bohr
The element with the chemical symbol _______ is a nonmetal.
O
Which of the following is a nonmetal?
Sulfur (S)
Which statement describes J.J. Thomson's plum-pudding model of the atom?
The electrons are embedded in a positive sphere.
Which of the following statements is true?
The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons.
Rutherford fired alpha particles at a piece of thin gold foil and found that most particles passed straight through. What did the experiment tell him about the nature of atoms?
They are made up mostly of empty space.
The noble gases include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. What property do these elements share?
They are normally unreactive with other elements.
The periodic table displays
all of the known elements that exist in the world today.
Each element is made up of small particles called atoms. This is the first idea of John Dalton's ________ theory of matter.
atomic
Each square of the periodic table shows information about one element. The square usually shows the element's _______.
atomic mass symbol atomic number
Along each row of the periodic table,
atomic mass increases from left to right.
Which of the following cannot be broken down into different elements?
atoms
Atoms that have the same number of valence electrons in their outer shell
belong to the same family of elements.
Which element on the periodic table contains 5 protons?
boron
How are elements arranged in the periodic table?
by atomic number
An atom with an equal number of electrons and protons has no _________.
charge
Both living and non-living things are composed of matter. Most matter can be broken down by ___________ reactions into basic units called elements.
chemical
Which element on the periodic table contains 29 protons?
copper
The part of an atom that would be found outside the nucleus is the _______.
electron
What part of an atom exists in areas of probability outside the nucleus?
electron
Which part of an atom has a negative charge?
electron
Elements that are arranged in the same column on the periodic table belong to the same family of elements. The atoms of elements in the same family all have the same number of valence _______ in their outer shell.
electrons
The _______ of an atom are negatively charged.
electrons
The outer ______ are the parts of an atom that are involved in chemical reactions.
electrons
Neon is a gas made up of only one type of atom. Which term best describes neon?
element
An element has a very low boiling point and very low reactivity. Where on the periodic table is this element most likely to be found?
in the far right column
Where in an atom are neutrons located?
in the nucleus
Most of the _________ of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
mass
The majority of the elements on the periodic table are
metals
The rows of the periodic table are called _______.
periods
The overall charge of the nucleus is
positive
All atoms of a specific element have the same number of _______.
protons
All atoms of the same element have the same number of ___________, which is called the atomic number.
protons
The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of
protons
The nucleus of an atom consists of
protons and neutrons.
The halogens, the elements of Family 17 on the periodic table, combine easily with elements from Family 1. When a halogen reacts with a metal, what type of compound is formed?
salt
An uncharged atom has six electrons. The nucleus of this atom must contain _______ protons.
six
Which element on the periodic table contains 11 protons?
sodium
Mercury is an element. Which of the following would be the same for all atoms of mercury?
the number of protons
As the period number increases on the periodic table (moving from the top of the table to the bottom),
the number of the principal energy level containing the valence electrons increases.
Transition metals can be found in Families 3 through 12 on the periodic table. What property do transition metals share?
they are brightly colored and are often used to make pigments
The elements found in Family 1 of the periodic table are so soft that they can be cut with a knife. What other property do these metals share?
they produce extreme heat when mixed with water
Which part of an atom determines how it will react with other atoms?
valence electrons
Which of the following is an element?
zinc metal (Zn)
