ATT Block one Week 3
Input and output voltages for TTL family ICs range from 0 to ___.
5 V
Using large scale integration, IC memory circuits store __ ________________ (536,870,912 bits) of information or more.
64 megabytes
One clock pulse is required to transfer _ ____ of data into a parallel storage register.
8 bits
Having no fixed time relationship.
Asynchronous
Manual parallel data is shifted into a register ____________________.
Asynchronously
The term _____ is used in digital circuits to describe functions, operations, or voltage levels.
LOGIC
An advantage of a ripple counter is that it operates in various ____ by using the CLEAR input to the flip-flops.
MODs
The D-type flip-flop is constructed from ____ or ___ gates and an inverter.
NAND, NOR
Data is RETAINED when power is removed
NONVOLATILE
The ___ function states, "The input is inverted, producing the opposite signal at the output."
NOT
The __ function states, "If any input is HIGH or TRUE, the output is HIGH or TRUE."
OR
The first digital counting device was the _____________.
abacus
Binary decoder circuits convert binary numbers to ________________ _____________.
alphanumeric characters
The data output can ____ be serial or parallel.
also
Digital circuits are made up of analog components.
analog
A LOW input applied to a ________ causes the output to be low.
buffer
The _________ circuit produces a high output when the input is high and a low output when the input is low.
buffer
In a serial storage register, ___________ is used so that the data is stored when the data is shifted out.
circulate
The output of a device changes state only at a specified point on a triggering input, such as the ________ _________ to a flip-flop.
clock input
A __________ determines if two numbers are the same or different.
comparator
Digital electronics is the electronics of ______________ and ________________ numbers. The abacus was the first of the counting machines.
counting, comparing
Memory is a generic term for the storage of large amounts of ____.
data
Each segment is activated individually to produce the patterns necessary for displaying _______ _______.
decimal numbers
Ten MODs are needed to have a counter represent __________ ___________.
decimal numbers
Propagation of an IC is the amount of delay in switching
delay
The purpose of a ______ _________ ____________ is to turn a gate ON or OFF
digital threshold voltage
Fan-in is a value given to an IC to represent the current it draws from a ____________ __.
driven IC
8-bit shift registers are designed to transfer _________ ____ of binary data from one circuit to another.
eight bits
The octal number system, or base 8, uses _______ ___________.
eight digits
IIL switching speed and power requirements are ____. This family is used in circuits that combine analog and digital components.
even
Binary addition is performed like decimal addition, except that a carry results when the count _________ _.
exceeds 1
The advantage of the ECL family over the TTL family is ______ _________
faster speed
The output of a combinational logic circuit depends on the input signals, the __________ of each gate, and the output of each gate.
function
The hexadecimal equivalent of a binary number is determined by dividing the binary number into ____________ __ ________.
groups of four
The octal equivalent of a binary number is determined by dividing the binary number into __________ __ ________.
groups of three
A LOW output of the decoder ___________ the LED.
illuminates
The third generation of computing equipment used a new technology called the ______________ ___________.
integrated circuit
The ___________ circuit produces a high output when the input is low and a low output when the input is high.
inverter
To circulate data ____, S1 is set to CIR and the mode control is set to PARALLEL
left
TTL levels are _____ _____ or equal to 0.8 volts for LOW and greater than or equal to 2.0 volts for HIGH.
less than
Seven segment displays use seven _____-________ ______ arranged in a figure 8 pattern.
light-emitting diodes
Shift registers use circulate so that data is not ____ when shifted out serially.
lost
The advantage of the CMOS family over the ECL family is lower power
lower power
The advantage of the CMOS family over the TTL family is
lower power
The advantage of the TTL family over the ECL family is _______ __________
lower power
Most modern consumer products use __________________________ to control their operation.
microprocessors
The TTL family is divided into two basic groups, __________ and ______________.
military, commercial
The ____ control enables or disables the serial and parallel inputs.
mode
The modulus needed to represent an _____________ _________ is mod 8.
octal number
4-bit shift registers are designed to transfer four bits of binary data from ___ _______ __ _________.
one circuit to another
A four-bit comparator uses four ___-___ comparators.
one-bit
A ________ register transfers all bits on one clock pulse. The outputs are always available.
parallel
A ripple counter is made to operate in various MODs by setting the CLEAR input LOW on a _________________ ____________.
particular count
Speed is measured by _____________ _________, which is the amount of time an IC takes to switch from one condition to the other.
propagation delay
To circulate data _____, S1 is set to CIR and the mode control is set to SERIAL
right
Some shift registers can shift data ________ __ _________ and input new serial data right or left.
right or left
A ____________ ____________ is designed to count input pulses in binary.
ripple counter
A ______ register transfers one bit in or out for each clock pulse.
serial
The data input can be _________ __ _________.
serial or parallel
The hexadecimal number system, or base 16, uses ___________ ______.
sixteen digits
CMOS has a ____ ___________ ________ but requires very low power to operate.
slow switching speed
The 4-bit storage register is designed to temporarily _____ four bits of data.
store
A buffer is used as a ________, a ___________ _____________, and __________.
switch, a protection device, and driver.
Noise is caused by an IC's switching
switching
Serial data is shifted into a register ________________.
synchronously
The decimal number system, or base 10, uses ______ ________.
ten digits
The second generation of computing incorporated the _______________.
transistor
A digital waveform has ___ states.
two
Digital electronics operate on ___ signals.
two
The binary number system, or base 2, uses ____ ___________.
two digits
Switching in logic gates occurs in the __________ (aka indeterminate or float) region.
unknown
ECL has a ____ ________ ________ _______ but requires very high power to operate.
very fast switching speed
A HIGH applied to the D and C inputs sets Q ____.
HIGH
A LOW applied to the D input and a HIGH applied to the C input set Q ____.
HIGH
A ____ output indicates the result of the comparison. A > B or A = B or A < B.
HIGH
The AND logic function only produces a HIGH when all inputs are _____.
HIGH
The Boolean equation for the AND function is shown:
A*B
The Boolean equation for the OR function is shown:
A+B
The location of a given word in memory.
ADDRESS
The ___ function states, "All inputs must be HIGH or TRUE for the output to be HIGH or TRUE."
AND
The three basic logic functions are: ___ ___ and ___.
AND OR NOR
The output of a device changes state whenever the input is active, such as the __________ and ________ inputs to a flip-flop.
CLEAR, PRESET
________________ logic is the combining of two or more gates
Combinational
__________________ logic is the result of combining two or more logic gates.
Combinational
The _-____ flip-flop is designed to store the last input condition until the next input condition is clocked or gated through.
D-type
The first generation of computing equipment started with the ________.
ENIAC
(Random Access Memory) Read/Write Memory
RAM
The process of retrieving information from memory.
READ
When LOW, the CLEAR input _________ the counter.
RESETs
Read Only Memory
ROM
Having a fixed time relationship.
Synchronous
Four common logic families are ___, ____, ___, and ___.
TTL, CMOS, ECL, and IIL.
______________-_________________ __________ (TTL) is the most widely used family of integrated circuits.
Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL) is the most widely used family of integrated circuits.
______________ logic gates are those gates that can be connected to produce the logic of another gate.
Universal
Data is LOST when power is removed.
VOLATILE
A group of bits representing a complete piece of digital information.
WORD
The process of storing information in memory.
WRITE
A one-bit comparator uses three inverters, two AND gates, and an ___ ____.
XOR gate
The Boolean equation for the NOR function is shown:
__ A
