Autonomic Nervous System ch.3

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Which of the following divisions of the nervous system is often called the "rest and digest" division of the nervous system?

Parasympathetic nervous system

Where is a postganglionic cell located?

The cell body is located in the ganglion; the axon comes after the ganglion.

Which of the following is not a result of the activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

Vasodilation to the digestive organs

The parasympathetic neurotransmitter at target organs is __________.

acetylcholine

What neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons at their synapses?

acetylcholine

What neurotransmitter is released by the axon of a sympathetic preganglionic neuron to communicate with the sympathetic postganglionic neuron?

acetylcholine

Receptors that bind norepinephrine and epinephrine are known as:

adrenergic.

Found on arrector pili muscles in the dermis

alpha receptor

Nicotine is a drug that stimulates nicotinic receptors. It will have an effect __________.

at all autonomic ganglia

Located in the plasma membranes of cardiac muscle cells

beta receptor

Unlike autonomic motor neurons, somatic motor neurons __________.

can only stimulate their target cells and not inhibit them

Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are classified as:

cholinergic receptors.

Compared to parasympathetic ganglia, sympathetic ganglia are __________.

closer to the spinal cord

Most organs are innervated from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, referred to as:

dual innervation

Which of the following structures house the axons of sympathetic postganglionic neurons?

gray rami communicantes

Postganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system __________.

have cell bodies located within autonomic ganglia

Cocaine causes increased availability of norepinephrine. Which of the following will be an effect of cocaine?

hyperglycemia due to increased glucose release

What part of the brain largely controls homeostatic functions?

hypothalamus

Found in the membranes of all parasympathetic target cells

muscarinic receptor

To increase sweat production from sweat glands, acetylcholine binds:

muscarinic receptors.

Located in the membranes of all postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

nicotinic receptor

Which neurotransmitter ensures skeletal muscles receive the supply of nutrients needed to make ATP by stimulating the release of more fatty acids and glucose into the blood stream?

norepinephrine

After eating a large meal, Mr. Davis felt sleepy. Which nervous system dominates and is often called our "rest and digest" division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

parasympathetic nervous system

Relaxation of the urinary sphincter

parasympathetic nervous system

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) includes the vagus nerves, which innervate the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

parasympathetic nervous system

Which nervous system usually maintains a heart rate of 72 beats per minute?

parasympathetic nervous system

Neurons that transmit efferent signals between the CNS and autonomic ganglia are called __________.

preganglionic neurons

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscle?

somatic nervous system

Enhances mental alertness

sympathetic nervous system

Increased heart rate

sympathetic nervous system

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels to skin

sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following is called the "fight or flight" division of the nervous system?

sympathetic nervous system

Where do the cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate?

thoracic and upper lumbar regions of the spinal cord

The sympathetic nervous system has short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons, with the sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord.

true

Stimulation of α1 receptors present on smooth muscle cells of blood vessels to the skin by norepinephrine results in:

vasoconstriction.

What receptor present on smooth muscle cells of blood vessels to digestive and urinary organs binds norepinephrine?

α1 receptor

Which receptor hyperpolarizes the axon terminal to slow or cancel the action potential when norepinephrine binds?

α2 receptor


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