Autonomic Nervous System ch.3
Which of the following divisions of the nervous system is often called the "rest and digest" division of the nervous system?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Where is a postganglionic cell located?
The cell body is located in the ganglion; the axon comes after the ganglion.
Which of the following is not a result of the activation of the sympathetic nervous system?
Vasodilation to the digestive organs
The parasympathetic neurotransmitter at target organs is __________.
acetylcholine
What neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons at their synapses?
acetylcholine
What neurotransmitter is released by the axon of a sympathetic preganglionic neuron to communicate with the sympathetic postganglionic neuron?
acetylcholine
Receptors that bind norepinephrine and epinephrine are known as:
adrenergic.
Found on arrector pili muscles in the dermis
alpha receptor
Nicotine is a drug that stimulates nicotinic receptors. It will have an effect __________.
at all autonomic ganglia
Located in the plasma membranes of cardiac muscle cells
beta receptor
Unlike autonomic motor neurons, somatic motor neurons __________.
can only stimulate their target cells and not inhibit them
Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are classified as:
cholinergic receptors.
Compared to parasympathetic ganglia, sympathetic ganglia are __________.
closer to the spinal cord
Most organs are innervated from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, referred to as:
dual innervation
Which of the following structures house the axons of sympathetic postganglionic neurons?
gray rami communicantes
Postganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system __________.
have cell bodies located within autonomic ganglia
Cocaine causes increased availability of norepinephrine. Which of the following will be an effect of cocaine?
hyperglycemia due to increased glucose release
What part of the brain largely controls homeostatic functions?
hypothalamus
Found in the membranes of all parasympathetic target cells
muscarinic receptor
To increase sweat production from sweat glands, acetylcholine binds:
muscarinic receptors.
Located in the membranes of all postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
nicotinic receptor
Which neurotransmitter ensures skeletal muscles receive the supply of nutrients needed to make ATP by stimulating the release of more fatty acids and glucose into the blood stream?
norepinephrine
After eating a large meal, Mr. Davis felt sleepy. Which nervous system dominates and is often called our "rest and digest" division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
parasympathetic nervous system
Relaxation of the urinary sphincter
parasympathetic nervous system
Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) includes the vagus nerves, which innervate the thoracic and abdominal viscera?
parasympathetic nervous system
Which nervous system usually maintains a heart rate of 72 beats per minute?
parasympathetic nervous system
Neurons that transmit efferent signals between the CNS and autonomic ganglia are called __________.
preganglionic neurons
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscle?
somatic nervous system
Enhances mental alertness
sympathetic nervous system
Increased heart rate
sympathetic nervous system
Vasoconstriction of blood vessels to skin
sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following is called the "fight or flight" division of the nervous system?
sympathetic nervous system
Where do the cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate?
thoracic and upper lumbar regions of the spinal cord
The sympathetic nervous system has short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons, with the sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord.
true
Stimulation of α1 receptors present on smooth muscle cells of blood vessels to the skin by norepinephrine results in:
vasoconstriction.
What receptor present on smooth muscle cells of blood vessels to digestive and urinary organs binds norepinephrine?
α1 receptor
Which receptor hyperpolarizes the axon terminal to slow or cancel the action potential when norepinephrine binds?
α2 receptor
