Autonomic Nervous System

In pharmacological term, an agonist is

A substance that activates a receptor producing the same effect as a neurotransmitter

___________ is the neurotransmitter released at the postsynaptic cleft of sweat glands.

Acetylcholine

Signs and symptoms associated with parasympathetic discharge are

All of the above

The cell bodies of the preganglionic, parasympathetic division arise in the brainstem and the sacral region of the spinal cord, and they travel along which of the following cranial nerves

All of the above

Which of the following statements is the most correct for the ANS

All of the above

All of the following are parasympathetic ganglia, except

Celiac

Which of the following cells is often referred to as the "modified postganglionic sympathetic fibers?"

Cells in the adrenal medulla

All of the following are examples of sympathetic stimulation except

Constriction of the bronchioles

The area of the spinal cord that surrounds the central canal and is dominated by the cell bodies of neurons, and glial cells is the

Gray matter

All of the following statements about the spinal cord are true, except >>>

It is part of the PNS

The reason why the sympathetic division of the ANS is termed, the thoracolumbar system (division) because

Its preganglionic neurons' cell bodies of the spinal cord are located in the gray matter of the thoracic and lumbar segments

The two primary types of cholinergic receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system are ____ and ____ receptors.

Muscarinic, nicotinic

Parasympathetic preganglionic, neurons cell bodies are located in

Nuclei of the brainstem, and the lateral gray columns of the sacral division of the spinal cord

Cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are found in the sacral division travel through the ____ nerve to innervate the urinary bladder and lower colon.

Pelvic

Nicotinic receptors are located on the

Postganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons

Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter secreted by all of the following neurons except

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers

Lesion at _________ of the spinal cord segments will interrupt parasympathetic fibers to the bladder

S2-S4

The dorsal root of a spinal nerve is the site for ____ neurons wall the ventral root is the site of ____ neurons.

Sensory, motor

The cervical enlargement of the spinal cord supplies nerves to the

Shoulder girdle, and arms

All of the following are innervated by autonomic motor neurons except

Skeletal muscle cells

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers originate from

T1-L2 of the spinal cord

Which of the following statements regarding the sympathetic postganglionic neurons is most correct?

They are usually longer than preganglionic neurons

Stimulation of which cranial nerves will result in decrease heart rate?

Vagus

All preganglionic autonomic fibers release _________ at their synaptic terminals, and the effects are always __________.

acetylcholine, excitatory

Alpha and beta receptors are components of the

adrenergic system

All of the following statements regarding the preganglionic neurons of the ANS are incorrect EXCEPT

all neurotransmitters release by preganglionic fibers bind to muscarinic receptors

Muscarinic receptors are found at myoneural and neuroglandular junctions and

are activated by acetylcholine release

Parasympathetic discharges will most likely result in all of the following physiological responses EXCEPT

bronchiodilation

The parasympathetic system is also termed the ______________ division.

craniosacral

In a "fight-or-flight" situation, which of the following physiological changes may be experienced?

d. all of the above

Drugs that have effects similar to those of norepinephrine and epinephrine are called sympathomimetic drugs. Which of the following symptoms would you NOT expect to observe in a person who has taken an excess of sympathomimetic drugs?

decreased blood pressure

All of the following cranial nerves convey parasympathetic fibers to effectors EXCEPT

hypoglossal

All of the following are examples of parasympathetic discharge EXCEPT

increased heart rate

The white matter of the spinal cord contains

large numbers of myelinated axons

All of the following statements are correct for the sacral division of the parasympathetic division EXCEPT

mediate ejaculation

Norepinephrine is secreted at

most sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings

All postganglionic neurons have ____ receptors

nicotinic

For the sympathetic division of the ANS, the neurotransmitter released at the neuroeffector junction is

norepinephrine

All of the following are parasympathetic autonomic ganglia EXCEPT the _______ ganglion.

otic

Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are components of the

parasympathetic system

Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is INCORRECT

pre-ganglionic fibers are myelinated and short while post-ganglionic fibers are long

Neuroendocrine cells in the adrenal gland

release epinephrine and norepinephrine into blood capillaries

The posterior gray horns of the spinal cord contain

sensory nuclei

A student is about to take a final exam. One hour prior to the exam, the student experiences jitters, an elevated heart rate, an increase in blood pressure, increased respiration, cold sweats, and cold feet & hands. The symptoms are the result of

sympathetic activation

Alpha and beta receptors are components of the

sympathetic system