Aviation Information (Aircraft Axes & 129 Multiple Choice Q's)
The empennage consists of: (A) A vertical stabilizer and a hinged rudder (B) The back half of the fuselage and the tailplane (C) The "T" tail and nacelle (D) The ruddervator and associated hydraulic system
(A) A vertical stabilizer and a hinged rudder
Slats are located: (A) Along the horizontal stabilizer's leading edge (B) Along the leading edge of both wings and the horizontal stabilizer (C) Along the trailing edge of the right aileron (D) Along the leading edge of both wings
(A) Along the horizontal stabilizer's leading edge
The main types of turbine propulsion are: (A) Axial and centrifugal flow (B) Non-afterburning, after burning, and turbocharged (C) Turbofan, turbojet, and turboprop (D) Turbocharged, turbofan, and ramjet
(A) Axial and centrifugal flow
The Venturi theory of lift says that faster airflow over the curved upper portion of a wing surface causes (A) Decreased pressure according to Bernoulli's equation.(B) Increased pressure according to Avogadro's constant.(C) Increased drag proportionate to crosswinds.(D) Decreased drag proportionate to the thrust vector.(E) Decreased drag perpendicular tot he thrust vector.
(A) Decreased pressure according to Bernoulli's equation.
When exhaust from jet engines is directed backward, the resulting reactive force on the airplane is: (A) Forward (B) Forward but deflected downward due to angle of incidence (C) Forward but reduced because of the inclined component of the total drag vector. (D) Determined only by using the conservation of energy equation
(A) Forward
The part of an airplane that holds the cargo and/or passengers, as well as providing a base for the other aircraft parts, is known as the (A) Fuselage.(B) Empennage.(C) Cargo Compartment.(D) Cockpit array.(E) Static line.
(A) Fuselage.
Municipal airports often provide at least one extended or unusually long runway to facilitate the take off of (A) Heavily loaded aircraft in calm conditions(B) Lightly loaded aircraft taking off in a crosswind(C) Small aircraft in rainy weather(D) Aircraft with higher than average climbing speeds(E) Rotary-wing aircraft in trail formation
(A) Heavily loaded aircraft in calm conditions.
Ailerons move: (A) In opposing directions (B) downward (C) up or down, depending on the rudder pedal pushed by the pilot (D) none of the above
(A) In opposing directions
A flashing green ATC signal directed to an aircraft on the surface is a signal that the pilot (A) Is cleared to taxi.(B) Is cleared for takeoff.(C) Should exercise extreme caution.(D) Should taxi clear of the runway in use.(E) Should stop taxiing.
(A) Is cleared to taxi.
An aircraft's initial tendency relative to its longitudinal axis after being disturbed and dropping a wing to return to level flight is known as: (A) Lateral stability (B) Longitudinal stability (C) Directional stability (D) None of the above
(A) Lateral stability
The four forces that act on an aircraft in flight are (A) Lift, gravity, thrust, and drag.(B) Lift, mass, propulsion, and resistance.(C) Aerodynamics, mass, propulsion, and drag.(D) Lift magnitude, mass, thrust, and drag.(E) Roll, pitch, yaw, and magnitude.
(A) Lift, gravity, thrust, and drag.
An imaginary line from an airfoil's leading edge to its trailing edge that is halfway between the airfoil's upper and lower surfaces is the: (A) Mean chamber line (B) Chord line (C) Angle of incidence (D) Elevator inclination line
(A) Mean chamber line
If the elevator trim tabs on a plane are lowered, the lane will tend to (A) Nose up.(B) Nose down.(C) Pitch fore and aft.(D) Go into a slow roll.(E) Wing over.
(A) Nose up.
The two basic types of drag are (A) Parasitic and induced.(B) Simple and complex.(C) High pressure and low pressure.(D) Induced and incidental.(E) Parasitic and peripheral.
(A) Parasitic and induced.
The Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) is a system of lights designed to provide visual descent guidance information to the pilot during a runway approach. The system uses _____ lights to indicate the upper limits of the glide path and _____ lights for the lower limits. (A) Red, white.(B) White, red.(C) Blue, white.(D) Red, green.(E) Green, red.
(A) Red, white.
Airflow parallel and opposite to an aircraft's flight path is called the: (A) Relative wind (B) Longitudinal wind (C) Dynamic wind (D) none of the above
(A) Relative wind
When the pilot pulls back on the control column or joystick: (A) The elevator moves up (B) The elevator moves down (C) The left aileron moves down (D) None of the above
(A) The elevator moves up
Flaps are used: (A) To decrease Dutch roll (B) To eliminate wingtip vortices (C) During takeoff only (D) None of the above
(A) To decrease Dutch roll
A propeller is: (A)An airfoil (B) A secondary source of thrust (C) Part of a balanced thrust system involving only 2, 4 or 6 blades (D) An extendible thrust-generation device used at high altitudes
(A)An airfoil
A runway with the Approach Lighting System (ALS) would show an incoming pilot (A) A pair of synchronized flashing lights at the runway threshold.(B) A series of lightbars and/or strobe lights extending outward from the runway approach end.(C) White elevated lights running the length of the runway on both sides.(D) White lights embedded in the runway centerline at 50 foot intervals(E) Unidirectional blue lights
(B) A series of lightbars and/or strobe lights extending outward from the runway approach end.
Parasite drag is produced by: (A) Extended slats and flaps (B) Aircraft parts that do not contribute to producing lift (C) Improperly set trim tabs (D) A difference in propeller rpm on multi-engine airplanes
(B) Aircraft parts that do not contribute to producing lift
A ramjet engine consists of (A) An intake, a compressor, a combustion chamber, and an outlet.(B) An inlet, a turbine, a compressor, and a nozzle.(C) An intake, a compression chamber, and a nozzle.(D) An inlet, a combustion zone, and a nozzle.(E) An inlet, a compression chamber, a turbine, and a nozzle.
(B) An inlet, a turbine, a compressor, and a nozzle
Momentum is: (A) An object's mass times its velocity squared (B) An object's mass times its velocity (C) An object's weight plus one-half of its velocity squared. (D) An object's forward velocity times its coefficient of lift
(B) An object's mass times its velocity
A helicopter's cyclic control is a mechanical linkage used to change the pitch of the main rotor blades (A) All at the same time.(B) At a selected point in its circular pathway.(C) Proportionate to the engine rpm's.(D) In conjunction with the desired speed.(E) For vertical flight only.
(B) At a selected point in its circular pathway.
Military aircraft are categorized: (A) As normal, utility, acrobatic, special mission, or transport (B) Based on the mission they perform (C) In accordance with DoD directives since 1947 (D) None of the above
(B) Based on the mission they perform
Swept back wings: (A) Delay the drag associated with air compressibility at appraoch speeds (B) Delay the drag associated with air compressibility at low subsonic speeds (C) Delay the drag associated with air compressibility at high subsonic speeds (D) All of the above
(B) Delay the drag associated with air compressibility at low subsonic speeds
What makes an airplane turn? (A) Centrifugal force.(B) Horizontal component of lift.(C) Rudder and aileron.(D) Rudder, aileron, and elevator.(E) Vertical component of lift.
(B) Horizontal component of lift.
On a conventional fixed-wing aircraft, the _____ maintain(s) pitch and the _____ maintain(s) yaw. (A) Elevators, rudder(B) Horizontal stabilizers, vertical stabilizer(C) Elevons, stabilator(D) Rudder, elevators(E) Trim tabs, wing flaps
(B) Horizontal stabilizers, vertical stabilizer.
Turbine aircraft: (A) Have a propeller source of thrust in some cases (B) Never have a propeller source of thrust (only jets are turbine aircraft) (C) Have a turbocharged engine (D) Utilize a ducted wind fan that spins an electrical generator
(B) Never have a propeller source of thrust (only jets are turbine aircraft)
The propeller blades are curved on one side and flat on the other side to (A) Increase its strength.(B) Produce thrust.(C) Provide proper balance.(D) Reduce air friction.(E) Reduce drag.
(B) Produce thrust.
Contra-rotating propellers, a complex way of applying the maximum power of a single piston or turboprop aircraft engine, uses two propeller (A) Rotating in the same direction arranged one behind the other.(B) Rotating in opposite directions arranged one behind the other.(C) Rotating in opposite directions on opposite sides of the engine nacelle.(D) Rotating in the same direction on opposite sides of the engine nacelle.(E) Rotating asynchronously in the same direction.
(B) Rotating in opposite directions arranged one behind the other.
Thrust opposes: (A) Drag (B) Rudder deflection (C) Gyroscopic precession (D) Gravity
(B) Rudder deflection
Hinged wing panels that move upward and destroy lift after landing are called: (A) Air brakes (B) Spoilers (C) Winglets (D) Vertical stabilizers
(B) Spoilers
Lift produced by an airfoil is proportional to: (A) The rate of air compressibility and the coefficients of lift and drag (B) The angle of airflow deflection, the relative wind's vertical vector component, and the reduction of induced drag as the aircraft accelerates. (C) Air density, aircraft speed, wing area, and airfoil shape. (D) None of the above.
(B) The angle of airflow deflection, the relative wind's vertical vector component, and the reduction of induced drag as the aircraft accelerates.
Coordinated flight is defined as: (A) The pilot applying control inputs that are suitable for the aircraft's density altitude (B) The pilot applying flight and power controls inputs to prevent slipping or skidding during any aircraft maneuver (C) The pilot reducing back pressure on the control column or joystick while turning in the opposite direction of the horizontal component of total drag. (D) All of the above
(B) The pilot applying flight and power controls inputs to prevent slipping or skidding during any aircraft maneuver
The flight envelope of an aircraft is (A) The airspeed at which it achieves takeoff.(B) The region of altitude and airspeed in which it can be operated.(C) The volume of air it displaces in flight.(D) The envelope containing the aircraft registration documents.(E) The geographical are covered by the officially filed flight plan.
(B) The region of altitude and airspeed in which it can be operated.
An airfoil stalls when: (A) The downward component of the wingtip vvortices are greater than the lift produced by increasing the angle of attack (B) There is a rapid decrease in lift caused by an excessive angle of attack and airflow separating from an airfoil's upper surface (C) The pilot has mistakenly extended the flaps while flying above the maneuvering airspeed (Va) (D) The pilot deploys the air brakes
(B) There is a rapid decrease in lift caused by an excessive angle of attack and airflow separating from an airfoil's upper surface
The rearward retarding force on the airplane known as drag is opposed by (A) Lift(B) Thrust(C) Weight(D) Laminar air flow(E) Compression
(B) Thrust.
A biplane has (A) Two wings arranged one behind the other.(B) Two wings arranged one above the other.(C) Two horizontal stabilizers, one above the other.(D) Two horizontal stabilizers, on in front of the other.(E) Two engines, one on each wing.
(B) Two wings arranged one above the other.
Increasing an aircraft's bank in a coordinated turn, ______ its _________ and _______: (A) increases; angle of attack; lift (B) increases; weight (to to G loading); rate of turn (C) decreases; angle of attack; drag (D) decreases; weight (to to G loading); angle of attack
(B) increases; weight (to to G loading); rate of turn
What is the difference between a steady red and a flashing red light signal from the tower to an aircraft approaching to land? (A) Both signals mean the same except the flashing light requires more urgent action.(B) Both signals mean the same except the steady light requires more urgent reaction.(C) A steady red light signals to continue circling and a flashing light signals that the airport is unsafe for landing.(D) A steady light signals to continue circling and a flashing light signals to continue, but exercise caution.(E) A steady red light signals that the airport is unsafe and a flashing red light signals to use a different runway.
(C) A steady red light signals to continue circling and a flashing light signals that the airport is unsafe for landing.
In a level turn, the acceleration experienced by the aircraft and its pilot in the direction perpendicular to the wing is solely determined by the (A) Relative airspeed.(B) Angle of attack.(C) Bank angle.(D) Altitude.(E) Local air density and temperature.
(C) Bank angle.
From a physics perspective, an aircraft's total weight force is deemed to act through the ________: (A) Weight and balance reference datum (B) Center of pressure (C) Center of gravity (D) Center of momentum
(C) Center of gravity
What do "X's" on an airport diagram represent? (A) STOL runway.(B) Parking ramp.(C) Closed runway.(D) Multiple heliport.(E) Active runway.
(C) Closed runway.
An airfoil's efficiency, either a wing or a rotor blade, is _____ at high altitudes by the _____ air density. (A) Increased, lesser.(B) Increased, greater.(C) Decreased, lesser.(D) Decreased, greater.(E) Increased, stable.
(C) Decreased, lesser.
Anhedral angle is the ___________ angle of an airplane's wings and tailplane from the horizontal: (A) Upward (B) Obtuse (C) Downward (D) Isooceles
(C) Downward
The thrust of a turbojet is developed by compressing air in the inlet and compressor, mixing the air with fuel and burning it in the combustor, and (A) Venting the combusted air through side nozzles.(B) Rerouting the airflow through the compressor for extra power.(C) Expanding the gas stream through the turbine and nozzle.(D) Using the resulting accelerated airflow to turn the propeller shaft.(E) Diffusing the gas stream through the designated relief valves.
(C) Expanding the gas stream through the turbine and nozzle.
_____ are additional hinged rear sections mounted to the wing near the body that are deployed downward on takeoff and landing to increase the amount of force produced by the wing. (A) Ailerons(B) Elevators(C) Flaps(D) Trim tabs(E) Elevons
(C) Flaps.
Profile drag is the sum of: (A) Skin friction and form drag (B) Skin friction and induced drag (C) Form drag and supplementary drag (D) Parasite drag and vortex drag
(C) Form drag and supplementary drag
Delta wing aircraft have a wing in the form of a triangle, named after the Greek uppercase letter delta, and no (A) Vertical stabilizer.(B) Flaps.(C) Horizontal stabilizer.(D) Stabilizing canard.(E) Ogival structure.
(C) Horizontal Stabilizer.
The maneuver in which a rotary-wing aircraft is maintained in nearly motionless flight over a ground reference point at a constant altitude and heading is known as (A) Feathering.(B) Autorotation.(C) Hovering.(D) Torque balance.(E) Freewheeling.
(C) Hovering.
When in the down position, wing flaps provide (A) Increased lift and decreased drag(B) Decreased lift and increased drag(C) Increased lift and increased drag(D) Increased lift only(E) Decreased wing camber
(C) Increased lift and increased drag.
An air vortex at the wingtip creates: (A) Form drag (B) Profile drag (C) Induced drag (D) Parasite drag
(C) Induced drag
A propeller-driven airplane: (A)Is part of the rotary class of aircraft (because the propeller spins (B) Has a reciprocating engine only (C) Is a fixed wing aircraft (D)Has a reverse thrust feature in all types of military and civilian aircraft
(C) Is a fixed wing aircraft
The ratio of the speed of an aircraft to the speed of sound in the air around it is the aircraft's (A) Compressibility factor.(B) Mach angle.(C) Mach number.(D) Aerodynamic heating ratio.(E) Isentropic threshold.
(C) Mach number.
When one surface of an airfoil has a specific curvature that the opposite side does not have, the airfoil is described as: (A) Non-cambered (B) Deflected (C) Non-symmetrical (D) Laterally torqued
(C) Non-symmetrical
The phenomenon of a propeller-driven aircraft's tendency to yaw to the left when the propeller rotates clockwise, because the descending propeller blade on the right produces more thrust than the ascending blade on the left is known as: (A) Asymmetric thrust (B) Rotational Precession (C) P-factor (precession factor) (D) Driectional instability
(C) P-factor (precession factor)
Moving the control column or joystick to the left or right affects the _____ rather than indicating the (A) Angle of pitch, angle of attack.(B) Angle of bank, rate of roll.(C) Rate of roll, angle to which the aircraft will roll.(D) Degree of bank, relative airspeed.(E) Degree of roll, angle of yaw.
(C) Rate of roll, angle to which the aircraft will roll.
Pitot tubes furnish data to an instrument that is used by aircraft pilots in about the same way that a(n) _____ is used by an automobile driver. (A) Pressure transducer(B) Odometer(C) Speedometer(D) Tachometer(E) Ohmmeter
(C) Speedometer.
For a fixed-wing aircraft, lift is generated _______ to the direction of flight. (A) Parallel(B) Reciprocal(C) Proportionate(D) Vectored(E) Perpendicular
(E) Perpendicular.
Minimum drag speed corresponds to: (A) The point on the total drag curve where the thrust-to-drag ratio is least (B) The point on the total drag curve where the drag-to-mass ratio is least (C) The point on the total drag curve where the lift-to-drag ratio is the greatest (D) The point on the total drag curve where the lift-to-weight ratio is least
(C) The point on the total drag curve where the lift-to-drag ratio is the greatest
The angle of attack is: (A) The chord line's orientation in relation to the aircraft's longitudinal axis (B) The acute angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the relative wind. (C) The sum of the angle of incidence of the wings and tailplane (D) The aircraft's downward inclination when shooting targets on the ground
(C) The sum of the angle of incidence of the wings and tailplane
A propeller driven airplane tends to roll in the opposite direction of the propeller's rotation because of: (A) The induced plane of rotation (B) Tangential drag (C) Torque (D) Angular momentum
(C) Torque
The abbreviation VTOL, applied to aircraft other than helicopters, means (A) Vertical Transmission Of Lift.(B) Very Turbulent Opposite Launching.(C) Vertical Take-Off and Landing(D) Velocity Transmitted to Onboard Lines.(E) Virtual Transmission Operation Line.
(C) Vertical Take-Off and Landing.
The straight line joining the ends of the mean camber line is called the (A) Lower camber curve.(B) Mean airfoil throughpoint.(C) Wing chord.(D) Angle of attack.(E) Relative lift threshold line.
(C) Wing chord.
An aircraft's three axes are: (A) Longitudinal, gyroscopic, and lateral (B) Directional, pitch, and gyroscopic (C) Yaw, longitudinal, and lateral (D) Deflectional, lateral, and induced
(C) Yaw, longitudinal, and lateral
According to 18th century Swiss scientist Daniel Bernoulli: (A) Accelerated fluid flow results in a decrease of dynamic pressure. (B) Accelerated fluid flow results in a decrease of static pressure. (C) Accelerated fluid flow results in a increase of total system energy. (D) All of the above.
(D) All of the above.
The speed of sound varies with: (A) Angle of attack (B) Angle of inclination (C) Induced drag (D) Altitude
(D) Altitude
At night, airport taxiways are identified by omnidirectional edge lights that are ______ in color (A) Red(B) White(C) Alternating red and white(D) Blue(E) Green
(D) Blue.
The attribute of rotating bodies to manifest movement ninety degrees in the direction of rotation from the point where a force is applied to the prinning body is called: (A) Rotational precession (B) Dynamic precession (C) Induced precession (D) Gyroscopic precession
(D) Gyroscopic precession
The pilot of an airplane can best detect the approach of a stall by the (A) Increase in speed of the engine.(B) Increase in pitch and intensity of the sound of the air moving past the plane.(C) Increase in effectiveness of the rudder.(D) Ineffectiveness of the ailerons and elevator.(E) Decrease in pitch and intensity of the sound of the air moving past the plane.
(D) Ineffectiveness of the ailerons and elevator.
The locus of points equidistant from the upper and lower surfaces of an airfoil is called the (A) Angle of attack.(B) Leading airfoil edge.(C) Upper camber measurement.(D) Mean camber line.(E) Wing chord.
(D) Mean camber line.
The degree of movement of an aircraft around is lateral axis is known as (A) Yaw(B) Roll(C) Bank(D) Pitch(E) Sideslip
(D) Pitch.
To move the rudder to the right, the pilot: (A) Turns the control wheel to the right (B) Pulls back on the right power lever (C) Moves the right throttle lever forward while pushing the right pedal (D) Pushes the right pedal
(D) Pushes the right pedal
Which one of the following is NOT a flight instrument? (A) Airspeed indicator.(B) Altimeter.(C) Attitude indicator.(D) Tachometer.(E) Vertical velocity indicator.
(D) Tachometer.
The laws of conservation that pertain to aircraft are: (A) The law of conservation of mass, kinetic energy, and fluid flow. (B) The law of conservation of mass, torque, and potential energy. (C) The law of conservation of weight, thrust, and lift. (D) The law of conservation of mass, energy, and momentum.
(D) The law of conservation of mass, energy, and momentum.
When the rotor blades of a helicopter are spinning fast enough in a clockwise direction to generate lift, a phenomenon known as _____ causes the body of the helicopter to have a tendency to turn in a counter-clockwise direction. (A) Centrifugal force.(B) Centripetal force.(C) Lateral roll.(D) Torque.(E) Autorotation.
(D) Torque.
Which one of the following does not affect density altitude? (A) Temperature(B) Atmospheric pressure(C) Humidity(D) Wind velocity(E) Altitude
(D) Wind velocity.
_____ is induced by use of a movable rudder controlled by _____ in the cockpit. (A) Roll, ailerons.(B) Bank, control column.(C) Change of pitch, collective.(D) Yaw, rudder pedals.(E) Power dive, trim tabs.
(D) Yaw, rudder pedals.
A propeller with a blade angle that can be changed by the pilot is called a ______propeller (A) dynamic (B) rotational (C) reverse thrust (D) controllable
(D) controllable
A(n) _____ is the point at which the airflow over the wings ceases to be a smooth (laminar) flow and the wing starts to lose lift. (A) Mach threshold.(B) Tactile feedback.(C) Relative wind camber.(D) Maximum bank limit.(E) Aerodynamic stall.
(E) Aerodynamic stall.
The angle formed by the chord of an airfoil or wing and the direction of the relative wind is known as the (A) Critical angle.(B) Stall angle.(C) Angle of pitch.(D) Delta angle.(E) Angle of attack.
(E) Angle of attack.
The degree of movement of an aircraft around its longitudinal axis is known as (A) Pitch.(B) Sideslip.(C) Yaw.(D) Angle of attack.(E) Bank.
(E) Bank.
When the flaps are extended, the camber of the wing is (A) Enlarged proportionate to the airspeed.(B) Decreased proportionate to the angle of attack.(C) Unchanged.(D) Decreased.(E) Increased.
(E) Increased.
Pulling back on the control column or joystick of a fixed-wing aircraft will cause the aircraft to (A) Increase its rpm's.(B) Decrease its rpm's.(C) Maintain its angle of attack.(D) Pitch down.(E) Pitch up.
(E) Pitch up.
A coordinated turn (change of heading direction) includes both _____ of the airplane. (A) Pitch and yaw.(B) Roll and bank.(C) Roll and pitch.(D) Pitch and roll.(E) Roll and yaw.
(E) Roll and yaw.
The small hinged section on the elevator of most airplanes is known as the (A) Aileron(B) Flap(C) Stabilator(D) Elevon(E) Trim tab
(E) Trim tab.
The very thin layer of air flowing over the surface of an aircraft wing, an airfoil, or over the entire fuselage is called a. free-stream velocity air. b. the boundary layer. c. the slipstream. d. wake turbulence. e. wing drop.
. b. Boundary layer airflow is the thin layer of air that passes directly along the surface of a wing or an airfoil. Its thickness is measured in molecules. Smooth boundary layer air is known as laminar flow, while boundary layer air that becomes less smooth and stable as it moves along the larger upper surface of a wing or airfoil becomes thicker and eventually detached from the surface and is then known as turbulent flow
Airport runways are numbered according to a. length and width. b. wind direction. c. the first two digits of compass direction. d. order of construction. e. aircraft type
. c. Airport runways are numbered according to the first two digits of compass heading, with the zero omitted for headings between 010 and 090.
Movement about an aircraft's lateral axis is known as: A) Pitch B) Yaw C) Roll D) Drag E) Lift
A) Pitch
Which control is used to rotate an aircraft about its vertical axis? A) Elevator B) Rudder C) Aileron D) Flaps E) None of the above
B) Rudder
Pitch
Lateral axis
Roll
Longitudinal axis
Yaw
Vertical axis
What is the angle of attack? a. the angle between airfoil chord and relative direction of motion b. the angle between blade center and angle of incidence c. the angle between airfoil chord and angle of incidence d. the angle between induced air flow and relative direction of motion e. none of the above
a. Angle of attack is defined as the angle between the airfoil chord and the relative direction of motion.
7. The shape of a wing's cross-section, which causes lift, is described using what term? a. camber b. delta c. swept d. straight e. none of the above
a. Camber refers to the side (cross-section) view of a wing's shape. This shape causes the air to travel faster over the top portion of the wing and therefore causes lift.
If your cockpit turn and bank indicator shows a perfectly centered ball, a. the aircraft is in aerodynamically balanced flight. b. the aircraft weight and balance criteria have been met. c. the aircraft thrust-to-weight ratio is equal. d. the aircraft is pointed directly ahead. e. none of the above
a. If your cockpit turn and bank indicator shows a perfectly centered ball, all aerodynamic parameters of the aircraft are in balance.
If one end of a runway is numbered 33, what would the other end be numbered? a. 15 b. 33 c. 24 d. 66 e. There is not enough information provided.
a. Remember that runways are numbered based on an two-digit abbreviation of their compass headings, so when one end of a runway is numbered 33 (based on a 330 heading), the opposite end will be 18 degrees (or 180 degrees) opposite, or 15 (based on a 150 heading)
Airfield runways are numbered in accordance with a. their compass headings. b. FAA directives. c. airfield altitude. d. average relative wind. e. runway length.
a. Runways are numbered by the compass heading they are aligned toward
What does the Pitot Static system in an aircraft measure? a. airspeed and altitude b. fuel quantity and fuel weight c. manifold pressure and air pressure d. cabin pressure and manifold pressure e. none of the above
a. The Pitot system measures airspeed by measuring the impact pressure of the relative wind and comparing it to the static pressure. The static system measures static pressure, which indicates altitude.
The two main types of drag an aircraft experiences in flight are a. parasite and induced. b. controlled and unlimited. c. supersonic and transonic. d. kinetic and potential. e. uncontrolled and limited.
a. While there are many components that make up drag, total drag can be classified as either parasite or induced. Parasite drag is the result of the skin friction, roughness, and pressure drag of the major components of the aircraft. Induced drag is that aerodynamic effect that results from the development and production of lift. For example, lowering wing flaps would result in an increase in induced drag since there is more wing area in the relative wind
Aircraft performance increases in cold weather because a. cold air improves fuel flow. b. cold air is more dense. c. cold air is less dense. d. the engine exhaust is hotter than the surrounding air. e. none of the above.
b. As the outside air temperature drops, the movement of air molecules in the atmosphere slows down. This results in an increase in air density, resulting in a corresponding increase in aircraft performance because of the more dense atmospheric medium it will operate in.
During the execution of an aerobatic loop, what sort of energy will an aircraft have at the top of a loop? a. kinetic b. potential c. forced d. assumed e. none of the above
b. In aeronautics, potential energy is energy stored in an aircraft by virtue of its position in space. An aircraft at the top of a loop has significant potential energy that can be reclaimed by pointing the nose down and gaining speed. At the bottom of the loop, that potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, or energy that exists because of an object's motion
Increasing which parameter will eventually cause a stall of the aircraft? a. air density b. angle of attack c. airspeed d. pitch angle e. none of the above
b. Increasing the angle of attack of an aircraft will eventually cause a stall as the airflow over the wing detaches from the wing's surface
Mach 1 refers to what in aviation? a. speed of light b. speed of sound c. speed of heat d. speed of any jet e. none of the above
b. Mach 1 is the speed of sound for a given air density
Aviation speeds are generally measured in nautical miles per hour (knots). Which statement is true about knots? a. 100 knots is identical to 100 miles per hour (mph). b. 100 knots is faster than 100 mph. c. 100 knots is slower than 100 mph. d. 100 knots has no relationship to mph. e. None of the above
b. One knot (nautical mile per hour) is equal to approximately 8 7 of a mph (mile per hour). A nautical mile is approximately 6,080 feet, but a statute mile is approximately 5,280 feet. The ratio of these distances can be approximated with the ratio of 8:7. Therefore 100 knots is a faster speed than 100 mph.
In general, which statement is true when an aircraft fully extends its flaps and does not change other parameters? a. Wing produces more lift and more drag. b. Wing produces more lift, but less drag. c. Wing produces same amount of lift, but more drag. d. Wing produces less lift and less drag. e. Wing produces less lift, but more drag.
b. Pitch angle of an aircraft refers to the angle between the extended fuselage of the aircraft and the horizon. For example, an aircraft flying straight up would have a pitch angle of 90°
Pitch angle is the angle between the fuselage of the aircraft and what? a. relative wind b. horizon c. runway threshold d. propeller e. none of the above
b. Pitch angle of an aircraft refers to the angle between the extended fuselage of the aircraft and the horizon. For example, an aircraft flying straight up would have a pitch angle of 90°
Pushing the right rudder pedal in causes the rudder to deflect to the right of center, causing which movement of the aircraft? a. Pushes the tail of the aircraft right, and the nose of the aircraft left. b. Pushes the tail of the aircraft left, and the nose of the aircraft right. c. Pushes the tail of the aircraft left, and the nose of the aircraft left. d. Pushes the tail of the aircraft right and the nose of the aircraft right. e. None of the above.
b. Pushing the right rudder pedal in causes the rudder control surface to move into the windstream to the right, which pushes the tail of the airplane left, and the nose of the airplane right.
If the elevator is deflected, the aircraft will move about the ______ axis. a. centroid b. pitch c. roll d. yaw e. none of the above
b. The elevator is the control surface on the horizontal stabilizer. Any deflection of the elevator makes the aircraft move about the pitch axis. The pitch axis runs from one wingtip to the other, passing through the aircraft's center of gravity
What are the colors of the port and starboard running lights? a. white/white b. red/green c. green/red d. red/white e. green/white
b. The port running lights are red; the starboard lights are green. Positional lights are white.
Lights that outline an airport taxiway are _______ in color. a. red b. blue c. green d. white e. alternating red and white
b. blue Runway taxi lights are blue in color. Different colors are used to identify all airfield areas where aircraft must operate while on the ground.
How would taking off into a headwind affect your aircraft? a. Your takeoff distance would be unchanged. b. Your takeoff distance would be longer with little to no increase in climb angle. c. Your takeoff distance would be shorter with an increased climb angle. d. Your takeoff distance would be shorter and your available engine power would be unchanged. e. None of the above.
c. A headwind during takeoff would provide your aircraft with more wind over your wings, increasing lift earlier in your takeoff roll, resulting in a shorter takeoff distance. Likewise, this increased lift during takeoff would translate into an increased climb angle to the increased efficiency of a headwind takeoff.
In which of the following takeoff or landing situations would you be most concerned about aircraft performance? a. low altitude airport on a hot day b. low altitude airport on a cold day c. high altitude airport on a hot day d. high altitude airport on a cold day e. low altitude airport located next to water
c. Air becomes less dense with altitude and hot weather, significantly degrading aircraft performance. Therefore a high altitude airport on a hot day poses a takeoff or landing challenge for a pilot.
. Bernoulli's Principle states that a. a body that is at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. b. when there is an increase in pressure, there must be a decrease in temperature. c. when there is an increase in velocity there must be a decrease in pressure. d. force times mass equals acceleration. e. air will circulate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere.
c. Bernoulli's Principle uses the laws of physics to demonstrate how an aircraft wing produces lift. The curvature of the upper portion of a wing creates a larger area for air to pass over, resulting in an increase in the speed of the airflow, and thereby decreasing pressure. The bottom portion of a wing is not curved at all or as much, resulting in the air passing over at a slower rate, increasing pressure. A moving body will always move in the direction of lower pressure, resulting in lift on an airfoil or wing.
If the rudder of an aircraft is deflected, the aircraft will move about the ______ axis. a. centroid b. pitch c. roll d. yaw e. none of the above
d. The rudder is the control surface on the vertical stabilizer or tail. Any deflection of the rudder makes the aircraft move about the yaw, or vertical axis
The standard altimeter setting used in Class A airspace would be a. obtained from the nearest airfield. b. 30.00 in Hg. c. 29.92 in Hg. d. calculated from an air computer. e. none of the above
c. Class A airspace is that airspace from Flight Level (FL) 180 or 18,000 feet to FL 600 or 60,000. Pilots are required to change the altimeter setting from the local altimeter they have been using to 29.92. This ensures all aircraft flying in Class A airspace have the same altimeter setting and will have proper altitude separation.
What do we call the force acting rearward on an aircraft caused by air friction and lift? a. lift b. thrust c. drag d. weight e. none of the above
c. Drag refers to the rearward force on an aircraft caused by air friction and lift. More specifically, parasite drag refers to the component of drag associated with friction, and induced drag refers to the component associated with lift
Ground speed can be affected by which of the following? a. pressure b. altitude c. wind d. heat e. rain
c. Ground speed (GS) is the actual speed of the aircraft over the ground. The GS component is not affected by air density, temperature, or any atmospheric effect other than wind, which will physically slow down the aircraft with a headwind or speed up the aircraft with a tailwind, affecting the aircraft's physical speed over the ground
If the aileron is deflected, the aircraft will move about the ______ axis. a. centroid b. pitch c. roll d. yaw e. none of the above
c. The aileron is the control surface on the trailing edge of the wings. Any deflection of the aileron makes the aircraft move about the roll axis. The roll axis runs the length of the aircraft from nose to tail, passing through the center of gravity.
If you wanted to roll the aircraft about its longitudinal axis, what flight control movement would accomplish this? a. aft stick movement b. trim tabs c. aileron deflection d. vertical stabilizer movement e. forward stick movemen
c. The longitudinal axis extends the length of the aircraft, from the nose directly aft through the tail. Any movement about this axis is called roll. The ailerons are located on the wings, and when deflected into the airstream they alter lift on that wing, causing it to drop, resulting in a rolling motion. The other answers involve aircraft control mechanisms that affect other aircraft movements
The aircraft instrument that transmits signals that identify various aircraft parameters to air traffic control and flight monitoring organizations is the a. altimeter. b. attitude indicator. c. transponder. d. tachometer. e. UHF radio
c. The transponder, also called an identification, friend or foe (IFF) device in the military, can provide a wide variety of aircraft information to a ground unit or to another airborne unit.
The transponder codes for loss of communication and for emergency, respectively, are? a. 7600 and 7500 b. 7700 and 7600 c. 7600 and 7700 d. 7500 and 7600 e. 7500 and 7700
c. Transponder codes are as follows: Hijacking 7500 Loss of comms 7600 Emergency 7700
The acronym VSI stands for a. variable situational index. b. velocity and speed instrument. c. vertical speed indicator. d. vertical stability index. e. variable speed instrument.
c. VSI stands for vertical speed indicator and measures aircraft speed in feet per minute during a climb or a descent.
What causes wake turbulence? a. wind from thunderstorms blowing across runways b. microburst c. vortices off wings of aircraft caused by generating lift d. dust devils e. solar bursts
c. Wake turbulence is caused by the higherpressure air under a wing escaping in an outward direction from the wingtip to the lower-pressure air flowing above the wing. This escaping air will swirl upward, causing vortices, known as wake turbulence.
An example of a high lift device would be a. flaps. b. slats. c. leading edge extensions. d. all the above. e. none of the above.
d. All the examples given are high lift devices that increase the effective wing area. This increases the distance air has to travel over and under the wing, creating a larger pressure differential, which will increase lift at lower airspeeds.
Extending wing flaps produces an increase in both lift and a. thrust. b. angle of attack. c. pressure. d. drag. e. energy
d. Lowering wing flaps will change the shape of the wing, which increases lift. This increased wing area resulting from lowered flaps, however, will also increase drag.
. What effect do wing spoilers have when they are employed? a. true air speed is increased b. they aid in the production of lift by increasing effective wing area c. they disrupt the boundary layer airflow, increasing lift and reducing drag d. they disrupt the boundary layer airflow, reducing lift and increasing drag e. they augment boundary layer air to increase lift
d. Spoilers are small control surfaces on the wings. When deployed, or raised into an up position, they disrupt the boundary layer airflow over the wing which decreases lift on that wing and increases drag
The VSI instrument indicates a. rate of climb. b. rate of descent. c. level flight. d. all of the above. e. none of the above.
d. The vertical speed indicator measures how fast you are climbing in altitude (rate of climb), how fast you are descending in altitude (rate of descent), or whether you are in level flight (zero rate of climb or descent)
In relation to the air flowing beneath the wing, how does the air flowing over the top of a wing, producing lift, move?
d. The wind flowing over a wing, which is creating lift, moves faster than the wind flowing beneath the wing. This increased velocity causes a lower air pressure on the top of the wing compared with the air pressure below the wing. This difference in air pressure is lift.
Used in aviation, Zulu time refers to what? a. Eastern Standard Time b. Eastern Daylight Saving Time c. Time at International Date Line d. Greenwich Mean Time e. Pacific Standard Time
d. Zulu time refers to the time in Greenwich England, commonly known as Greenwich Mean Time. Zulu time is commonly used for aviation, especially when several time zones will be crossed.
Pulling back on the aircraft controls will deflect which control surface on the aircraft? a. rudder b. trim tabs c. ailerons d. flaps e. elevators
e. Pulling back on the aircraft controls causes the elevators to be deflected up into the airstream, which pushes the tail of the aircraft down and the nose of the aircraft up
