SJSU Biology 65 Human Anatomy Chapter 1-2
Identify the statements that describe a person in anatomical position.
- Palms directed forward - Standing upright - Feet flat on the floor
Identify the major components of cells.
- plasma membrane - inclusions - cytoplasm
Identify the types of cell junctions.
- tight junction - desmosome - gap junction - hemidesmosome
Proteins make up about what percentage of the molecules of the plasma membrane?
2%
About how many different kinds of cells exist in the human body?
200
An organ is best described as which of the following?
A structure composed of at least two different tissues, with recognizable boundaries, and with a discrete function
True or false: Transmembrane proteins that allow cells to adhere to each other are called carriers.
False (Reason: These proteins are called cell adhesion molecules.)
A tissue is more complex than an organ.
False - organs are composed of tissues, and are thus more complex.
What type of anatomy focuses on body structures that can be observed without magnification?
Gross
Observing the condition of skin and nails by sight is an example of which method of study?
Inspection
Identify the human organ systems classified in protection, support, and movement.
Integumentary, muscular, skeletal
Identify the anatomical plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves.
Median
Two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds would form a(n) ______.
Molecule
Identify structures found in the cell's interior.
Organelles Cytoskeleton Inclusions
Consider the structural hierarchy of the body. Arrange this list of structures in order of complexity, so that the least complex level is on top and the most is complex is on the bottom.
Organism > Organ System > Organ > Tissue > Cell > Organelles > Molecules > Atom (backwards)
The anatomical term that describes a person lying face down is _____.
Prone
Identify the human organ systems involved in input and output.
RUD: Respiratory, urinary, digestive
The anatomical plane dividing the body into right and left parts is a _____ plane.
Sagittal
Define cytoplasm.
The contents of cell between the plasma membrane and nucleus; includes the cytosol, organelles, inclusions, and cytoskeleton
Identify the microscope that is capable of the greatest magnification of a specimen.
Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
An organelle is best described as ______.
a microscopic structure in a cell that carries out individual function
The plasma membrane can be described as:
an oily film of lipids with proteins embedded in it
The common frame of reference used by anatomists to describe the relationship between body parts is called ______ position.
anatomical
The study of the makeup and organization of body structures is called human ___________.
anatomy
The study of the organization and form of body structures is called _____.
anatomy
The directional term indicating towards the front of the body is
anterior
A frontal plane divides the body into ______ portions.
anterior and posterior
Described using anatomical directional terms, the heart is ______ to the spinal column and _____ to the sternum.
anterior, posterior
Identify the areas included in the upper limb.
arm (brachial region), forearm (antebrachial region), wrist (carpal region), hand (manual), and fingers (digits)
The smallest particle of matter with unique chemical properties is a(n)
atom
What is the smallest particle of matter with a unique chemical identity?
atom
The major body region that includes the head, neck, and trunk is the ___ region.
axial
The two major body regions are the _____ and _____ regions.
axial; appendicular
In the body, tissue fluid is found _______.
between the cells
The anatomical term for the upper arm region is _____.
brachial
The basic structural and functional unit of life is the _____.
cell
The smallest unit of an organism that can carry out all the functions of life is the ______.
cell
Plasma membranes, organelles, and cytoplasm are all major components of ______.
cells
The molecule primarily responsible for stabilizing the cell membrane is
cholesterol
One of the major function of the plasma membrane is:
controlling the passage of material into and out of the cell
The anatomical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior would be a _____ plane.
coronal
The primary function of the plasma membrane phospholipids is ______.
creating a flexible hydrophobic barrier between the cytoplasm and the cell's exterior
The scientific study of cells is called
cytology
The contents of a cell between its plasma membrane and its nuclear envelope, consisting of cytosol, organelles, inclusions, and the cytoskeleton is known as
cytoplasm
The clear, gelatinous substance in which the organelles and other internal structures of a cell are suspended is known as
cytosol
The directional term that indicates being farther from the body's surface is
deep
The ribs are _____ to the skin and _____ to the lungs.
deep, superficial
The directional term that indicates being farther away from the point of attachment is
distal
The pedal region is _____ to the tarsal region.
distal (farther from the point of attachment or origin)
The antebrachial region is ______ to the brachial region and _____ to the carpal region.
distal; proximal
Which of the following are some of the largest cells in the body?
egg cells and fat cells
A median plane divides the body into _____.
equal right and left halves
The side of the membrane that faces outward is the ________ face.
extracellular
A phospholipid molecule with a carbohydrate covalently bonded to it that is found in the plasma membranes of cells is known as a ______.
glycolipid
Most transmembrane proteins are
glycoproteins
In a plasma membrane, the phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer with the _______ facing the water on each side of the membrane.
hydrophilic phosphate-containing heads
The act of looking at the body's appearance is known as ______.
inspection
A protein that extends through a plasma membrane and contacts both the extracellular and intracellular fluid is a ________ protein.
integral
The body fluid located between cells is called ________.
interstitial fluid
The side of the membrane that faces the cytoplasm is the _____ face of the membrane
intracellular
The term used to refer to the space inside a cell is
intracellular
Tight junctions and desmosomes are types of cell
junctions
The directional term that indicates farther away from the midline of the body is
lateral
The scapular region is ______ to the vertebral region.
lateral
A sagittal plane divides an organ into ______ portions.
left and right
The type of microscope that is typically the lease expensive, easiest to sue the the most frequently used is a(n) _______ microscope.
light
The directional term that indicates towards the midline of the body is
medial
The cheeks are _____ to the ears and _____ to the nose.
medial, lateral
A photomicrograph is a picture taken through a
microscope (photos of tissues and cells)
An anatomical plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves is ______, while a plane that divides the body into unequal right and left portions is ______.
midsagittal; parasagittal
Which of the following are some of the longest cells in the body?
nerve and muscle cells
All of the material collectively found within the nucleus is referred to as the
nucleoplasm
Any anatomical structure that is composed of at least two different tissue types, has recognizable structural boundaries, and has a discrete function different from the structures around it is a(n) _________.
organ
A group of organs working together for a coordinated function is an ______.
organ system
A microscopic structure in a cell that carries out individual functions is known as a(n) ______.
organelle
The term that indicates a single complete individual is
organism
Which of the following describes a single complete individual?
organism
Fill in the correct term for the following sequence: Macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues, _________, organ systems, organism.
organs
Proteins that are associated with the plasma membrane but are not embedded in the membrane are categorized as _______ proteins.
peripheral
The components of the plasma membrane that helps create a hydrophobic barrier are the ______.
phospholids
The fluidity of the plasma membrane is primarily provided by the
phospholids
The cell contents are separated from the external environment by the
plasma membrane
The directional term indicating towards the back of the body is
posterior
The anatomical term that describes the forearm when the palms are facing down or posteriorly is ______.
pronated
The directional term that indicates being closer to the point of attachment is
proximal
The scapular region is ______ to the vertebral region.
proximal
The abdominal region can be divided into segments. Which scheme uses two perpendicular lines to divide the abdomen?
quadrants
The abdominal region can be divided into segments. Which scheme uses four lines intersecting in a tic-tac-toe grid dividing the abdomen?
regions (four intersecting lines)
The directional term that means "above" is
superior
A transverse plane divides the body into ______ portions.
superior and inferior (top half/bottom half)
The neck is ______ to the thorax and _____ to the head.
superior, inferior
The anatomical term that describes the forearm when the palms are facing up or anteriorly is ______.
supinated
The anatomical term that describes a person lying face up is ______.
supine
A group of organs working together for a coordinated function is an organ
system(s)
Identify the areas included in the lower limb.
thigh (femoral region), leg (crural region), ankle (tarsal region), foot, and toes (digits, pedal)
An aggregation of cells and extracellular material that works together to perform a specific function is known as a(n) ______.
tissue
An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials, which perform a discrete function, is known as a(n)
tissue
Identify the anatomical plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
transverse
Identify the components of the appendicular region.
upper limbs; lower limbs
