b
The dietary guidelines urge americans to
Consume 3 or more ounces per day of whole grains limit intake of added sugars
What is the RDA for carbohydrates for adults?
130 grams per day
What is the adequate intake level for fiber in adult women?
25 grams
What percentage of North Americans show signs of lactose maldigestion?
25%
What is the Adequate intake level of dietary fiber for men?
38 Grams
According to the food and nutrition board, carbohydrates should provide _______% to ______% of total calories in the diet.
45 65
Which of the following blood glucose measurements indicates hypoglycemia?
47
Which of the following can assist the digestion of carbohydrates even before food enters the mouth?
Cooking food
Fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the large intestine leads to the production of
Acids, gases
Monosaccharides generally follow a(n) ________ absorption process.
Active
Saccharin, aspartame, sucralos, neotame, acesulfame-K, stevia, luo han guo, and advantame are examples of ____ that are available in the United States.
Alternative Sweeteners
Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalnine and aspartic acid?
Aspartame
When a person consumes fiber, inadequate fluid intake can lead to which of the following?
Blockages in the intestine
From the following list, choose the foods that adhere to the dietary guidelines recommendations concerning carbohydrates:
Brown rice, Baked acorn squash, Frozen blueberries with no added sugar
Symptoms of hypoglycemia should resolve quickly with the consumption of
Carbohydrate, glucose
Which of the following are good sources of viscous fiber?
Carrots, Kidney beans, Apples
Which of the following are not good sources of viscous fiber?
Cheese
In metabolic syndrome, which of the following may be elevated?
Fasting glucose, blood pressure, triglycerides
A high-fiber diet may improve blood cholesterol measurements because
Fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the large intestine reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver Soluble fiber binds to cholesterol in the GI tract, causing it to be excreted. Reduced insulin secretion results in lower cholesterol synthesis in the liver
Choosing to eat an abundance of whole fruits, vegetables, and whole grains will increase the intake of _______.
Fiber
Which of the following are traditional symptoms of dieabetes?
Frequent urination, Extreme thirst, excessive hunger
What is the technical term for high blood sugar?
Hyperglycemia
When does a patient with type 2 diabetes require insulin injections?
In advanced stages of the disease
Once carbohydrates have been absorbed into the blood, where are they taken to first in the body?
Liver
The inability to recognize whole-grain products at the time of purchase is one reason for a
Low fiber intake
Patients with metabolic syndrome may need to increase which type of fat?
Omega-3 fat
What is a hemorrhoid
Swelling of a large vein in the anal region
In which part of the GI tract does a minor amount of carbohydrate digestion begin?
The mouth
Which of the following are true of polysaccharides
They are sometimes called starches They are found chiefly in grains, vegetables, and fruits They are made of single-sugar units that are bonded together to form a chain They are sometimes called complex carbohydrates
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
To provide energy for the body
A diet that contains excess fiber and insufficient fluid may contribute to blockages in the intestine.
True
Amylase is an enzyme that is released from the salivary glands and the pancreas.
True
Hemorrhoids are swollen rectal veins that cause itching, discomfort, and/or bleeding
True
On current food labels, the daily value (DV) for carbohydrates is 300 grams of carbohydrates when consuming a 2000-kcal diet.
True
Salivary amylase is secreted in the mouth and begins the process of carbohydrate digestion in the human body.
True
The increased bulk of a high-fiber meal promotes a feeling of fullness without yielding many calories.
True
The main function of glucose is to provide the body with a source of fuel
True
Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two _____ acids (phenylalanine and aspartic acid) and methanol.
amino
Amylase is
an enzyme
Soluble fiber ______ the absorption of cholesterol and colesterol-rich bile acids into the blood
decreases
sugar alcohols are advantageous in food products because they
do not promote dental caries provide fewer calories than sugar are more slowly metabolized than sugar
Sucralose is the oldest alternative sweetener and was first produced in 1879
false Saccharin is the oldest alternative sweetener and is currently approved for use in more than 90 countries
Most of the fructose consumed in the diet is converted to ________(Another monosaccharide) in the liver
glucose
Type 2 diabetes can often be effectively managed through
physical activity, diet, moderate weight loss
Fiber is considered a __________.
polysaccharide
Complex carbohydrates are also known as
starch
The artifical sweetener ____________ is considered useful in baking because it resists destruction by heat
sucralose
The problem with an excess amount of ________ in the diet is that it provides empty calories and promotes dental carries.
sugar
Holding a starchy substance in the mouth for a few minutes will break down starch into smaller units making the food taste
sweeter
Rank each of the following foods based of carbohydrate content, from highest (top) to lowest (Bottom)
1. Baked potato, 1 medium 2. Fat-free milk, 1 cup 3. Egg, 1 large
Arrange the steps of carbohydrate digestion and absorption in order, with the first step at the top of the list.
1. Salivary amylase is inactivated by strong acids in the stomach 2. Enzymes break down starch into maltose in the small intestine 3. Viscous fiber is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine 4. Nonfermentable fiber escapes digestion and is excreted in feces
When cells are deprived of glucose, they metabolize lipids for energy, a process that results in formation of ketones. High levels of ketones in the blood lead to
Dehydration, ion imbalances, coma
Insoluble fiber in the large intestine is fermented by bacteria, which results in the formation of gas.
False
The combination of a very high fiber intake (>60 grams per day) and low fluid intake can lead to
Intestinal blockages, constipation
Which of the following are reasons for low fiber intake in the United States?
Lack of knowledge, High intake of processed foods.
Which of the following alternative sweeteners was once believed to cause bladder cancer but since has been proven safe?
Saccharin
Viscous fiber helps to regulate blood glucose by
Slowing absorption of glucose from the small intestine
Lactase is produced by the cells of the
Small intestine
Digestion of carbohydrates by human enzymes takes place in which sections of the gastrointestinal tract?
Small intestine, mouth
_____ is a disaccharide important in the formation of alcoholic beverages.
maltose
