b

The dietary guidelines urge americans to

Consume 3 or more ounces per day of whole grains limit intake of added sugars

What is the RDA for carbohydrates for adults?

130 grams per day

What is the adequate intake level for fiber in adult women?

25 grams

What percentage of North Americans show signs of lactose maldigestion?

25%

What is the Adequate intake level of dietary fiber for men?

38 Grams

According to the food and nutrition board, carbohydrates should provide _______% to ______% of total calories in the diet.

45 65

Which of the following blood glucose measurements indicates hypoglycemia?

47

Which of the following can assist the digestion of carbohydrates even before food enters the mouth?

Cooking food

Fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the large intestine leads to the production of

Acids, gases

Monosaccharides generally follow a(n) ________ absorption process.

Active

Saccharin, aspartame, sucralos, neotame, acesulfame-K, stevia, luo han guo, and advantame are examples of ____ that are available in the United States.

Alternative Sweeteners

Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalnine and aspartic acid?

Aspartame

When a person consumes fiber, inadequate fluid intake can lead to which of the following?

Blockages in the intestine

From the following list, choose the foods that adhere to the dietary guidelines recommendations concerning carbohydrates:

Brown rice, Baked acorn squash, Frozen blueberries with no added sugar

Symptoms of hypoglycemia should resolve quickly with the consumption of

Carbohydrate, glucose

Which of the following are good sources of viscous fiber?

Carrots, Kidney beans, Apples

Which of the following are not good sources of viscous fiber?

Cheese

In metabolic syndrome, which of the following may be elevated?

Fasting glucose, blood pressure, triglycerides

A high-fiber diet may improve blood cholesterol measurements because

Fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the large intestine reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver Soluble fiber binds to cholesterol in the GI tract, causing it to be excreted. Reduced insulin secretion results in lower cholesterol synthesis in the liver

Choosing to eat an abundance of whole fruits, vegetables, and whole grains will increase the intake of _______.

Fiber

Which of the following are traditional symptoms of dieabetes?

Frequent urination, Extreme thirst, excessive hunger

What is the technical term for high blood sugar?

Hyperglycemia

When does a patient with type 2 diabetes require insulin injections?

In advanced stages of the disease

Once carbohydrates have been absorbed into the blood, where are they taken to first in the body?

Liver

The inability to recognize whole-grain products at the time of purchase is one reason for a

Low fiber intake

Patients with metabolic syndrome may need to increase which type of fat?

Omega-3 fat

What is a hemorrhoid

Swelling of a large vein in the anal region

In which part of the GI tract does a minor amount of carbohydrate digestion begin?

The mouth

Which of the following are true of polysaccharides

They are sometimes called starches They are found chiefly in grains, vegetables, and fruits They are made of single-sugar units that are bonded together to form a chain They are sometimes called complex carbohydrates

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

To provide energy for the body

A diet that contains excess fiber and insufficient fluid may contribute to blockages in the intestine.

True

Amylase is an enzyme that is released from the salivary glands and the pancreas.

True

Hemorrhoids are swollen rectal veins that cause itching, discomfort, and/or bleeding

True

On current food labels, the daily value (DV) for carbohydrates is 300 grams of carbohydrates when consuming a 2000-kcal diet.

True

Salivary amylase is secreted in the mouth and begins the process of carbohydrate digestion in the human body.

True

The increased bulk of a high-fiber meal promotes a feeling of fullness without yielding many calories.

True

The main function of glucose is to provide the body with a source of fuel

True

Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two _____ acids (phenylalanine and aspartic acid) and methanol.

amino

Amylase is

an enzyme

Soluble fiber ______ the absorption of cholesterol and colesterol-rich bile acids into the blood

decreases

sugar alcohols are advantageous in food products because they

do not promote dental caries provide fewer calories than sugar are more slowly metabolized than sugar

Sucralose is the oldest alternative sweetener and was first produced in 1879

false Saccharin is the oldest alternative sweetener and is currently approved for use in more than 90 countries

Most of the fructose consumed in the diet is converted to ________(Another monosaccharide) in the liver

glucose

Type 2 diabetes can often be effectively managed through

physical activity, diet, moderate weight loss

Fiber is considered a __________.

polysaccharide

Complex carbohydrates are also known as

starch

The artifical sweetener ____________ is considered useful in baking because it resists destruction by heat

sucralose

The problem with an excess amount of ________ in the diet is that it provides empty calories and promotes dental carries.

sugar

Holding a starchy substance in the mouth for a few minutes will break down starch into smaller units making the food taste

sweeter

Rank each of the following foods based of carbohydrate content, from highest (top) to lowest (Bottom)

1. Baked potato, 1 medium 2. Fat-free milk, 1 cup 3. Egg, 1 large

Arrange the steps of carbohydrate digestion and absorption in order, with the first step at the top of the list.

1. Salivary amylase is inactivated by strong acids in the stomach 2. Enzymes break down starch into maltose in the small intestine 3. Viscous fiber is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine 4. Nonfermentable fiber escapes digestion and is excreted in feces

When cells are deprived of glucose, they metabolize lipids for energy, a process that results in formation of ketones. High levels of ketones in the blood lead to

Dehydration, ion imbalances, coma

Insoluble fiber in the large intestine is fermented by bacteria, which results in the formation of gas.

False

The combination of a very high fiber intake (>60 grams per day) and low fluid intake can lead to

Intestinal blockages, constipation

Which of the following are reasons for low fiber intake in the United States?

Lack of knowledge, High intake of processed foods.

Which of the following alternative sweeteners was once believed to cause bladder cancer but since has been proven safe?

Saccharin

Viscous fiber helps to regulate blood glucose by

Slowing absorption of glucose from the small intestine

Lactase is produced by the cells of the

Small intestine

Digestion of carbohydrates by human enzymes takes place in which sections of the gastrointestinal tract?

Small intestine, mouth

_____ is a disaccharide important in the formation of alcoholic beverages.

maltose