Baylor World Oceans Exam 1 study guide
What are the different uses of oceans to profit mankind? (phases)
Food, Transportation, Trade (KELP), Can't get food from jellyfish eggs because they are too small 2. European Exploration and Conquest Columbus Magellan (Circumnavigated globe) Dutch Benjamin Franklin (mail route) 3. Scientific Investigation HMS Challenger: the first ship to study the ocean, oceanographic vessel
Know who George Darwin is and what he said about the moon
He said it was thrown out of the Pacific, he was a marine biologist and said that that is why the rocks in the sea are older than those on the land
What is the worst sorter?
Ice
What are the characteristics of the Indian Ocean?
Indian Ocean Triangular Ocean Smallest of the 3 Relatively Deep Confined to southern hemisphere
William Beebe
Invented Bathysphere (3000 ft below sea level, bottom of sea interest, life forms)
What were the names of the two subdivided parts of the supercontinent Pangea?
Laurasia (N. Am, Europe, Asia) Gondawanaland (Africa, S. Am, India, Antarctica Australia)
Brown clay is found on the seafloor as what?
Mud/Dust
What occurs in shallowest water?
Salt (evaporite), terrigenous plastics (pebbles)
What are 3 things included in plastic sediments?
Sand Clay Pebbles
Frosted grains are made from ____
Wind
What is the best sorter?
Wind
Cross bedding is made from ____
Wind/Water
What are three theories for the change from the original to present earth atmosphere?
1. Photochemical Dissociation (UV Radiation) 2. Outgassing (Photosynthesis, Respiration, Volcanoes [or anything that produces gas], Bacterial Decay) 3. Comet Ice (tails, ice crystals) A combination of these probably led to the earth atmosphere today
What percentage of the earth is water? Land?
70.8% water. 29% land
What are the characteristics of the Antarctic Ocean?
Antarctic Ocean Defined only by water currents
What are the characteristics of the Arctic Ocean?
Arctic Ocean Shallowest ocean (1/3 of floor is shelf) Landlocked sea Mostly Ice covered High sediment input (rivers and glaciers)
Where would you find the densest rock?
At the ridges because of the new mantle and how it is denser than the crust. Youngest rock at the ridges linear anomalies that are symmetrical at the ridges
What are the characteristics of the Atlantic Ocean?
Atlantic Ocean Long, Narrow Many Marginal Seas Warmest Most studied Youngest Ocean (65 million years old)
Which oozes are the shallowest, deepest?
Calcareous are the deepest Siliceous are shallowest
What are biogenic sediments based on?
Composition
What is the major problem with converting saltwater to freshwater?
Cost
What are the layers of the earth?
Crust Core (Inner Core: Solid, Outer Core: Liquid) Mantle (Silly Putty)
What are the theories for the origin of life on earth?
Divine Creation: Development on earth from available materials: Extraterrestrial: Combination of one or more
What are the characteristics of the Pacific Ocean?
Pacific Ocean Largest Ocean (1/2 of earth's Surface) Deepest Ocean (36000 ft) Coldest Ocean Least salty Lots of earthquakes Ring of fire
What was the original earth atmosphere like compared to the present? What was missing?
Primitive Atmosphere: Ammonia, Water Vapor, Methane/CO2 Present Atmosphere: Nitrogen, Oxygen, Co2 Oxygen/Ozone were missing
Who were Sir Frances Bacon and Alfred Wegener?
Sir Frances Bacon studied the coastal similarity of contracting and expanding earth had evidence for plate tectonics (coldest- trenches, youngest-ridges) Alfred Wegener had evidence for drift (Glossopteris Flora [fossil], Pangea, Subdivided into Northern and Southern, Laurasia, Gondawanaland)
What is the mechanism for plate tectonics?
Slap, push/pull, still using convection cells in the mantle
What did we develop as a result of the World Wars?
Sonar
What are the characteristics of the Southern Ocean?
Southern Ocean Circumpolar Defined only by currents Latitude is less than 50 degrees south Very Warm Freshwater Southern portion of Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans
Origins: Define Steady State, Oscillation Theory, and Big Bang Theory. Which modified one is used now?
Steady State: There is no beginning and no end, matter and energy are interchangeable, the idea earliest people were most comfortable with Big Bang: The universe expanded from a very high density and high temperature state Oscillation Theory: The big bang and black holes; the universe would eventually collapse The Modified Big Bang: One explosion followed by smaller one (supernova) throughout time
What do terrigenous sediments root from?
Terra which means from land
What is the deepest point in any of the oceans?
The Marianas Trench (Pacific)
Which hemisphere has the most water?
The southern hemisphere
What were Wegener's biggest problems?
Timing: He was a GERMAN meteorologist during WWII (nationality) Mechanism: No driving force Societal Needs