BBQ 12

A fasting blood glucose of over ____ mg% suggests that the subject is at iincreased risk of developing coronary artery disease

100

put the following events related to growth hormone release and actions in order: (note: not all events are presented here - some are skipped)

1st exercise, stress 2nd increased secretion of growth hormone releasing hormone from hypothalamus' 3rd hormone travels through hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system 4th increased growth hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary 5th increased IGF-1 secretion from the liver

Put the events related to thyroid hormone secretion and action in order: (note: not all events are presented here)

1st increased secreation of thyrotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus 2nd increased secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary 3rd hormone goes from anterior pituitary through systemic circulation 4th increased secretion of T3 & T4 by the thyroid gland 5th increased metabolic rate and enhancement of sympathetic NS actions

put the following events related to growth hormone release and actions in order: (note: not all events are presented here - some are skipped)

1st increased secretion of somatostatin from hypothalamus 2nd hormone travels through hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system 3rd decreased growth hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary 4th decreased IGF-1 secretion from the liver 5th reduced cell division protein synthesis, and bone growth

put the following parts of a negative feedback loop related to calcium homeostasis in order:

1st low plasma calcium 2nd increased secretion of parathyroid hormone 3rd increased activaiton of vitamin D 4th enhanced responsiveness of bone to PTH contributing to lower bone resorption 5th increased plasma calcium

Put the events related to thyroid hormone secretion and action in order: (note: not all events are presented here)

1st stress/cold in infants 2nd hormone goes throuh hyothalamic-hypophyseal portal system 3rd increased secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary 4th increased secretion of T3 & T4 by the thyroid gland 5th increased growth and CNS development

HbA1c greater than or equal to ___________% could be used to diagnose diabetes mellitus.

6.5

Which of the following pathway refers to the breaking down of glucose to pyruvate?

Glycolysis

Which of the following blood glucose values falls in the normal (not hyperglycemic, diabetic, or hypoglycemic) fasting range ? (note: mg% = mg/100ml = mg/dl)

a. 80 mg% b. 600 mg% c. 8 mg% d. 1.5 mg% e. 140 mg% a

Which of the following is/are true about the body's glycogen stores?

a. Liver glycogen stores are larger than glycogen stores elsewhere in the body b. skeletal muscle glycogen stores are larger than glycogen stores elsewhere in the body c. Skeletal muscle glycogen stores can be broken down to maintain blood glucose d. Liver glycogen stores can be broken down to maintain blood glucose e. The body's largest glycogen stores are found in skeletal muscle and the pancreas f. Beyond moderate intensities, most carbohydrate catabolism comes from glycogenolysis, not circulating glucose b, f

Which of the following would increase insulin secretion?

a. all of these WOULD increase insulin secretion b. none of the above c. an increase in circulating amino acids d. an increase in gastrointestinal hormones like GIP e. an increase in parasympathetic nervous system activity f. An increase in blood glucose a

The endocrine response to stress would does NOT include which of the following responses?

a. an increase in salt and water retention due to increased vasopressin and aldosterone secretion b. increased breakdown of stored fuels like glycogen and triglycerides due to increases in insulin c. all of these ARE part of the endocrine response to stress d. an increase in circulating fuels like glucose and fatty acids due to the actions of glucagon, epinphrine and cortisol e. an increase in blood pressure due to increases in epinephrine, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and vasopressin b

Which of the following is/are NOT part of how we make thyroid hormones?

a. binding of a monoiodiotyrosine with diiodotyrosine forms T3; this takes place in the thyroid follicular cells b. binding of a diiodotyrosine with diiodotyrosine forms T4; this takes place in the colloid c. The attachement of one iodine to thyroglobulin (which contains tyrosine) forms mono-iodotyrosine; this takes place in the colloid d. three of these e. the binding of iodine to thyroglobulin is catalyzed by thyroperoxidase a

Which of the following hormones would increase glycogenesis? select all that apply

a. epinephrine

which of the following is/are enzymes that would tend to increase glycogenesis?

a. glycogen synthase

The endocrine response to stress would NOT cause which of the following responses?

a. increased breakdown of stored fuels like glycogen and triglycerides b. an increase in blood pressure c. all of these ARE promoted by the endocrine response to stress d. an increase in circulating fuels like glucose and fatty acids e. an increase in salt and water retention c

Which of the following is/are NOT actions of parathyroid hormone

a. increasing activation of vitamin D b. increasing intestinal absorption of calcium c. increasing renal tubular calcium reabsorption d. increasing bone resorption e. all of these ARE actions of parathyroid hormone e

which of the following best describes circulating insulin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus?

a. insulin levels are low because of greater renal clearance b. inslulin levels are low because the factors that normally cause its secretion are not present c. circulating insulin levels are often elevated because glucagon stimulates insulin secretion d. insulin levels are low in newly diagnosed type II diabetic patients because the pancreas is not producing it e. circulating insulin levels are often elevated because blood glucose remains high even when it is secreted e

Circulating calcium concentrations are normally tightly regulated by the endocrine system. Which of the following are NOT important roles of calcium in the body?

a. it plays an important role in neurotransmitter secretion at synapses b. it plays an important role in formation of blood clots c. all of these ARE important roles of calcium in the body d. it plays an important role in normal electrical events in cardiac pacemaker cells and cardiac muscle cells e. it plays a critical role in regulating muscle contraction f. it is important for normal bone mineralization and strength c

Which of the following is/are true about endocrine control of calcium homeostasis?

a. parathyroid hormone is essential for life b. calcitonin secretion goes up when plasma calcium concentrations are low c. parathyroid hormone secretion goes up when plasma calcium concentrations are low d. when circulating calcium concentrations are low we increase bone resorption e. three of these b

Which of the following factors would NOT stimulate glucagon secretion?

all of the above DO increase glucagon secretion

Which of the following hormones would be the most likely to decrease blood glucose?

b. Insulin

During an acute stress response we would observe an increased secretion of which of the following hormones?

b. aldosterone c. corticotropin releasing hormone d. gulcagon e. epinephrine g. cortisol h. vasopression i. adrenocorticotropic hormone j. renin

Which of the following hormones would increase gluconeogenesis in the liver? select all that apply

b. glucagon c. epinephrine d. norepinephrine e. cortisol

Which of the following hormones would tend to stimulate lipolysis? select all that apply

b. norepinephrine c. cortisol e. glucagon f. epinephrine g. growth hormone

Which of the following hormones would increase glycogen storage in the muscle? select all that apply

c. insulin

Which of the following hormones would increase gluconeogenesis in adipose tissue? select all that apply

c. this process doesn't occur in this tissue

Which of the following hormones would decrease bone resorption?

d. calcitonin

which of the following is/are hormones that would tend to increase glycogenolysis?

d. epinephrine e. glucagon

Which of the following hormones could help to increase circulating calcium levels by reducing urinary calcium loss and mobilizing calcium from bone?

d. parathyroid hormone

Which of the following pathway refers to the making glycogen from glucose?

e. Glycogenesis

Which of the following would NOT be associated with hyperglycemia?

excessive sweating

Which of the following is least likely to stimulate insulin secretion?

exercise

Which of the following hormones would be unlikely to increase blood glucose? select all that apply

g. insulin

Which of the following refers to the breaking down glycogen?

glycogenolysis

The __________________________ is the part of the central nervous system that regulates body temperature, thirst, urine output, and food intake.

hypothalamus

Which of the following hormones would tend to inhibit hepatic glucose output? select all that apply

insulin

Which of the following is the term used excessive thirst?

poldipsia