BCPE part 2
The distance between the centers of keys on a keyboard should be spaced _____ inches apart. A. 0.50 B. 0.75 C. 0.80 D. 0.90
B. 0.75
Which of the following is not part of the middle ear? A. Stapes B. Auditory canal C. Tensor tympani muscle D. Oval window
B. Auditory Canal
While there are various methods and instrumentation to measure heat stress, which of the following measures are not needed? A. Nonradiant - heat and load B. Barometric pressure C. Air velocity D. Humidity
B. Barometric pressure
An example of a static display is a: A. Speedometer B. Chart printout C. Humidity gauge D. Digital readout
B. Chart printout
There is a(n) _____ relationship between oxygen consumption and a person's heart rate. A. Indirect B. Linear C. Regressive D. 1:1
B. Linear
Which of the following measures is likely to be the best measure of central tendency in a skewed distribution? A. Mean B. Median C. Mode D. They are all affected equally
B. Median
How is energy expenditure calculated? A. The amount of carbon dioxide exhaled is measured B. Multiply oxygen consumed, in liters per minute, by 5.0 kcal/liter C. Measure excess oxygen used compared to resting values during recovery from a physically demanding task D. Compare oxygen intake to carbon dioxide output
B. Multiply oxygen consumed, in liters per minute, by 5.0 kcal/liter
Which body of law tests the conduct of the defendant? A. Tort B. Negligence C. Strict liability D. Implied warranty
B. Negligence
Which statement is not true about a fully automated system? A. Robots are a good example of an automated system B. No human intervention is needed in a fully automated system C. Fully automated systems must still be designed with human factors principles in mind D. All components in a fully automated system serve at least one function
B. No human intervention is needed in a fully automated system
Which of the following is not part of the middle ear? A. Stapes B. Pinna C. Malleus D. Incus
B. Pinna
What is the definition of perception? A. Receiving stimuli visually and audibly B. Sensing stimuli and the interpretation of that which is sensed C. Understanding people based on what is heard as well as body language D. Complex eye movements during letter recognition
B. Sensing stimuli and the interpretation of that which is sensed
Who gets more sleep, permanent night shift workers or workers on a rotating weekly schedule? A. Workers who rotate weekly get more sleep B. Shift workers on permanent night shift get more sleep C. Both get equal amounts of sleep D. Sleep is not dependent on the shift but is up to the individual
B. Shift workers on permanent night shift get more sleep
Which of the following is not considered a conventional quantitative display? A. Fixed scale with moving pointer B. Status light C. Digital display D. Moving scale with fixed pointer
B. Status light
What does SOR stand for? A. Standard observational research B. Stimulus operation response C. Simple organism response D. Stimulate observe relate
B. Stimulus operation response
Which are examples of quantitative, qualitative, status, and warning/signal displays? A. Musical notes, morse code, color coded pipes, and a blip on an oscilloscope B. Temperature/speed, red-hot, on/off, and lighthouse C. Rate of change, speed, tv channel, and morse code D. Morse code, rate of change, lighthouse, and speed
B. Temperature/speed, red-hot, on/off, and lighthouse
The longer the distance and/or smaller the target, A. The shorter the time the movement will take B. The longer time the movement will take C. The factors will have no bearing on the length of time the movement will take D. None of the above
B. The longer time the movement will take
The acuity score for a person who can distinguish a detain that subtends an arc of 2 min is _____. A. 2 B. 1 C. 0.5 D. 0.25
C. 0.5
Approximately _____% of the population are left-handed A. 1 B. 5 C. 10 D. 15
C. 10
For an eight hour duration, energy expenditure for males and females respectively should not exceed: A. 3.5 and 5.0 Kcal/min B. 7.5 and 10 Kcal/min C. 2.2 - 3.1 Kcal/min D. 5.0 and 7.5 Kcal/min
C. 2.2 - 3.1 Kcal/min
If a blindfolded operator is required to discriminate between two different knobs of the same shape, the knobs should differ in size by at least: A. 10% B. 18% C. 20% D. 25%
C. 20%
Numerical scales on a display are normally designed for what viewing distance? A. 24" B. 26" C. 28" D. 30"
C. 28"
When one liter of oxygen is consumed in the human body, there is on average a turnover of _____ Kcal of energy: A. 2.4 B. 3.6 C. 4.8 D. 6.0
C. 4.8
Several studies have suggested that forces required to control handling by finger pinch should not exceed: A. 25 N B. 35 N C. 45 N D. 50 N
C. 45 N
Desks used for typing should be adjustable in height through the range of _____. A. 400-500 mm B. 500-800 mm C. 600-700 mm D. 800-900 mm
C. 600-700 mm
How is flicker-fusion used? A. As a way to measure night vision B. As a way to measure reaction time C. As an indicator to the degree of fatigue D. As an indicator of a person's ability to look at radar display
C. As an indicator to the degree of fatigue
The amount of energy needed per unit time to sustain life is called the _____ A. Aerobic rate B. Energy consumption rate C. Basal metabolic rate D. Cardiovascular response rate
C. Basal metabolic rate
Possible sources of stress on humans include the following: A. Physiological B. Psychological C. Both D. Neither
C. Both
Energy for muscles comes in what form? A. Oxygen B. Lactic Acid C. CP and ATP D. Carbon Dioxide
C. CP and ATP
What chemical is most likely to affect a worker's ability to take up oxygen in the workplace? A. ATP B. Lactic Acid C. Carbon Monoxide D. Carbon Dioxide
C. Carbon Monoxide
Which of the following is not a type of device that is relevant for use in arranging components? A. Basic data about human beings B. Task analysis data C. Company data D. Environmental data
C. Company data
The following are considered perceptual loads when performing human factors/ergonomics surveys, except for: A. Auditory demands B. Visual acuity needs C. Concentration requirements D. Space and depth perception requirements
C. Concentration requirements
Which of the following should be used when designing the amount of weight that a ladder will hold? A. Design for the smallest (5th female) B. Design for the average (50th) C. Design for the largest (95th male) D. Design for the range
C. Design for the largest (95th male)
The following are electrical measures of strain except for: A. EKG B. EOG C. EEM D. EMG
C. EEM
The chemical used to provide the smell associated with, and for the detection of, natural gas is _____. A. Hydrogen sulfide B. Ethyl sulfide C. Ethyl mercaptain D. Tri-sulfide
C. Ethyl mercaptain
The most significant drawback to the revised NIOSH lifting equation is _____? A. the 51 pound load constant is not practical B. It does away with the AL and the MPL C. It has not been validated D. It has little scientific support
C. It has not been validated
The human-machine system can be placed into three broad classes which include: A. Automated, semi automated, or manual B. Electric, hydraulic, or combustion C. Manual, mechanical, or automated D. Semi-manual, semi-mechanical, or semi-automated
C. Manual, mechanical, or automated
A person's maximum aerobic work capacity is defined as: A. Maximum amount of work that can be done when there is enough reserve strength available B. Maximum amount of work that can be done when there is enough lactic acid available C. Maximum amount of work that can be done with there is enough oxygen to supply the muscles D. None of the above
C. Maximum amount of work that can be done with there is enough oxygen to supply the muscles
Which of the following is not a task that is well suited for performance measure job demand evaluation? A. Packing B. Handling C. Monitoring D. Assembly
C. Monitoring
Keyboards and chairs should be arranged so that the wrist is in what position? A. Flexed B. Extended C. Neutral D. Supinated
C. Neutral
In OSHA 3123, braces, splints, and back belts are not recognized as _____. A. Engineering controls B. Administrative controls C. PPE D. Medical interventions
C. PPE
The proper chair height for a person should be adjusted to the following measurement: A. Knee height B. Thigh clearance height C. Popliteal height D. Hip breadth, sitting
C. Popliteal height
"Total response time" can be divided into two major parts. These are: A. Reaction and process time B. Reaction and perception time C. Reaction and movement time D. Movement and perception time
C. Reaction and movement time
Which of the following is not a type of compatibility? A. Conceptual B. Spatial C. Recognition D. Movement
C. Recognition
The part of the human eye that receives the actual light stimulus and transmits an impulse to the brain is the: A. Pupil B. Lens C. Retina D. Cornea
C. Retina
Compressive forces on the lumbar discs are greatest when: A. Standing B. Bending C. Sitting D. Equal in all positions
C. Sitting
The following are examples of repetitive motion disorders that individuals may develop, except for: A. Tendonitis B. Tendosynovitis C. Tenofibrosis D. Carpal tunnel syndrome
C. Tenofibrosis
Arrange the following walking surfaces in terms of most hazardous to least hazardous when considering only the COF for each surface is in a clean, dry condition. A. Marble, terrazzo, tile, wood B Wood, tile, terrazzo, marble C. Terrazzo, marble, tile, wood D. Terrazzo, marble, wood, tile
C. Terrazzo, marble, tile, wood
The following principles apply when establishing job rotation: A. The workers should decide which jobs they prefer to work on B. The workers should decide how long they should be on each task C. The jobs should be different D. All of the above
C. The jobs should be different
All of the following controls are commonly used to transmit discrete information except: A. Push buttons B. Toggle switches C. Trackball D. Detent levers
C. Trackball
Which of the following is not an important design criteria for foot controls? A. Location of the fulcrum B. Angle of the foot to the tibia bone of the leg C. Viewing angle D. Required force
C. Viewing angle
Work efficiency is defined as: A. % efficiency = (work input / energy consumption) x 90 B. % efficiency = (work input / energy consumption) x 100 C. % efficiency = (work output / energy consumption) x 70 D. % efficiency = (work output / energy consumption) x 100
D. % efficiency = (work output / energy consumption) x 100
The force needed to activate a key should range from _____ N. A. 0.30 to 0.45 B. 0.30 to 0.55 C. 0.30 to 0.65 D. 0.30 to 0.75
D. 0.30 to 0.75
A system with two components in parallel, each with a reliability of .70 would have a reliability of: A. 0.30 B. 0.50 C. 0.70 D. 0.91
D. 0.91
Regarding print, the size of print is normally measured in points. One point (pts) equals _____in. A. 1/12 B. 1/24 C. 1/36 D. 1/72
D. 1/72
In the upright position, the mass of body contributes what percentage of the total forward-bending movement? A. 33% B. 25% C. 20% D. 15%
D. 15%
One clo unit has roughly the amount of insulation required to compensate for a temperature drop of about: A. 5 degrees B. 12 degrees C. 60 degrees D. 16 degrees
D. 16 degrees
Given the following sets of numbers; 10, 12, 14, and 18, what is the standard deviation? A. 13.5 B. 11.67 C. 5.6 D. 3.4
D. 3.4
NIOSH estimates there are over 7 million workers occupationally exposed to whole body vibration. Biological effects of occupational exposure to whole body vibration include: A. Skeletal responses such as degeneration of bone and cartilage B. Motor process responses such as involuntary contraction of muscles C. Cardiovascular responses such as increased HR D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Qualitative information display presentations reflect the following characteristics: A. Approximate value B. Trend C. Rate of change D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following are methods of analyzing and evaluating an upper extremity repetitive motion task? A. RULA B. Elemental task analysis using observational technique C. Strain index D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Data that covers areas such as illumination, noise, vibration, motion, heat, traffic, and congestion is _____ data. A. Dependent B. Independent C. Variable D. Environmental
D. Environmental
What is the term used if a person indicated there is no signal when there was a signal? A. False alarm B. Skip C. Rejection D. Miss
D. Miss
The following equation is used to calculate what? VO2=VE(FIO2=FEO2)/100 A. Carbon dioxide production B. Energy expenditure C. Maximum aerobic activity D. Oxygen consumption
D. Oxygen consumption
In general, fixed height work surfaces for use while standing should be designed for the largest users. This is because: A. Taller workers will not have to stoop B. Shorter users can sit at seated workstations C. Research shows that more males work at standing workstations, so they need to be higher D. Platforms can then be supplied to smaller users to lift them to the proper height
D. Platforms can then be supplied to smaller users to lift them to the proper height
Which of the following is not an environmental factor that could be evaluated during a job demand assessment: A. Minute evaluation B. Psychophysical scaling C. Heart rate D. Psychophysical scaling
D. Psychophysical scaling
Task performance criteria usually reflects the outcome of a task in which a person may or may not be involved. Such criteria include: A. Incident rate and severity rate B. Frequency of output and duration of output C. Frequency, quality. and duration of output D. Quantity of output, quality of output, and performance time
D. Quantity of output, quality of output, and performance time
_____ is an epidemiologic study which is begun after the relevant events have already occurred. A. Cross-sectional study B. Case-control study C. Intervention study D. Retrospective study
D. Retrospective study
Which of the following would not be associated with US stereotypes for up and down switch settings in an up position? A. Start B. Increase C. Engage D. Reverse
D. Reverse
In a system in which a slight movement of the control would produce a large display movement, the control is considered _____. A. Responsive B. To have high C/R ratio C. Active D. Sensitive
D. Sensitive
In noisy situations which of the following is more intelligible? A. Phonemes B. Single syllables C. Short words D. Sentences
D. Sentences
The identification of controls is essentially a coding problem; the primary coding methods include: A. Shape, texture, size, location, color, and sound levels B. Shape, texture, size, direction, control, method, color, and visibility C. Shape, texture, size, location, control resistance, color, and visibility D. Shape, texture, size, location, operational method, color, and labels
D. Shape, texture, size, location, operational method, color, and labels
When a control mechanism calls for very great strength, a pedal is particularly suitable if a person is: A. Standing and pushes down with the knee at an angle B. Standing and pushes straight down on the pedal C. Sitting and has the knee angle in the range of 120-130 degrees D. Sitting and has the knee angle in the range of 140-160 degrees
D. Sitting and has the knee angle in the range of 140-160 degrees
When characterizing supervisory control Rasmussen (1983) distinguishes three types of behavior which are: A. Practice-based, knowledge, based, and experience-based B. Developed-based, knowledge-based, and reaction-based C. Genetic-based, knowledge-based, and taught-based D. Skill-based, knowledge-based, and rule-based
D. Skill-based, knowledge-based, and rule-based
What are the three ergonomic functions in system development? A. Selection and training, task descriptions, and skill analysis B. System integration, system evaluation, and implement process C. Functional diagram, allocation of function, and task synthesis D. Study and analysis, design, and implementation and evaluation
D. Study and analysis, design, and implementation and evaluation
Which of the following is not a critical item in choosing subjects for evaluation research? A. Obtaining a representative sample B. Using random selection C. Proper sample size D. Subject interviews
D. Subject interviews
Examples of quantitative information include: A. Rate of change B. Trend C. On-off D. Temperature
D. Temperature
What is dead space? A. The area over a suspended ceiling B. Unusable space in a workstation C. Headroom in a vehicle that only a small percent of the population will use D. The amount of control movement around the null position that results in no movement of the device being controlled
D. The amount of control movement around the null position that results in no movement of the device being controlled
Based on research done on movement compatibility, what is the most important principle to follow? A. The scale numbers increase from left to right B. Clockwise controlled movement results in an increased setting C. The control and the display should be color coded the same D. The direct-drive linkage between the control and display
D. The direct-drive linkage between the control and display
In keying tasks, which two fingers are associated with fewer errors ? A. Thumb and little finger B. Index and middle fingers C. Thumb and index finger D. Thumb and middle finger
D. Thumb and middle finger
If viewing distance is 38 inches, how big should the major marker be that is normally .56" high? A. .76 B. 1.0 C. .85 D. .65
A. .76
If a system consists of 100 components in series, each with a reliability of .9900, the reliability of the entire system would be: A. 0.365 B. 0.750 C. 0.990 D. 0.999
A. 0.365
Which of the following is not a characteristic of pinch grip? A. Contact by the thumb is not essential B. Objects are held between the fingers and the thumb C. There is no contact between the object and the base of the thumb or palm D. True pinch occurs when the thumb and fingers are in direct opposition to one another
A. Contact by the thumb is not essential
A study that seeks to describe a population in terms of attributes is called? A. Descriptive B. Experimental C. Evaluation D. Hypothetical
A. Descriptive
Which of the following should be used for the openings in a power press point-of-operation guard? A. Design for the smallest (5th percentile female) B. Design for the average (50th percentile) C. Design for the largest (95th percentile male) D. Design for the range (5th -95th percentile)
A. Design for the smallest (5th percentile female)
The types of visual stimuli used in coding are sometimes called "coding dimensions". Which of the following is not an example of a coding dimension? A. Location of dials on a control panel B. Geometric and other shapes C. Numerals D. Flash rate (of a flashing light)
A. Location of dials on a control panel
Which of the following is not a bias that can affect an individual's decision making capabilities? A. People generally do not try to seek enough information B. Undue amount of weight is given to early information C. People are generally conservative D. People often treat all information as if it were equally reliable
A. People generally do not try to seek enough information
People's expectations regarding movement relationships are referred to as: A. Population stereotypes B. Psychological expectations C. Compatibility stereotypes D. Perception stereotypes
A. Population stereotypes
With a neutral wrist position, grip strength is weakest when the forearm is in what position? A. Pronated B. Supinated C. Flexed D. Extended
A. Pronated
There are many type styles or fonts used in the printing trade. These all fall into four major classes which include: A. Roman, Gothic, Script, Block B. Gothic, Times, Script, Symbol C. Symbol, Block, Italic, Bold D. Chicago, Times, New York, Tribune
A. Roman, Gothic, Script, Block
Which of the following is not a stage of processing in the brain? A. Sensation B. Intellection C. Perception D. Movement Control
A. Sensation
A machine display and the human eye are which part of the basic Man-Machine systems? A. Sensing B. Information storage C. Information processing D. Action function
A. Sensing
Which of the following is not an influence in thermal comfort? A. Sex B. Work being performed C. The clothing worn D. The season of the year
A. Sex
The primary problem of the shift worker is: A. Sleep loss B. Increased accident frequency C. Cardiovascular disturbance D. Psychosocial problems
A. Sleep loss
The term used to define the loudness of a 1000 Hz tone of 40 dB is one _____? A. Sone B. Phon C. Diphthong D. Phoneme
A. Sone
Numeric keypads for telephones and calculators are different. Which is associated with slightly higher speeds and lower error rates? A. Telephone B. Calculator C. The error rates and speed are virtually the same D. It depends on the study group
A. Telephone
The following are reasons why disc pressure is greater when sitting than standing except for: A. The upper edge of the pelvis is rotated forward B. The thigh is used a level C. The sacrum turns upright D. The upper edge of the pelvis is rotated backward
A. The upper edge of the pelvis is rotated forward
Color coding is one way of enhancing control identification. What is a major disadvantage of this method? A. The user must look at the control to identify it by color B. Some color coding is not meaningful C. Color coding cannot be combined with some other coding method D. Color coding cannot be recognized as fast as other methods
A. The user must look at the control to identify it by color
_____ is the ability of the eye to discriminate fine detail A. Visual acuity B. Vernier acuity C. Minimum separable acuity D. Minimum perceptible acuity
A. Visual acuity
The displacement of a key on a keyboard in a vertical plane may be in the range of _____ inches. A. 0.05 to 0.25 B. 0.15 to 0.30 C. 0.05 to 0.30 D. 0.10 to 0.25
A. 0.05 to 0.25
Which arrangement has the fastest average time to enter 10 digits? A. 10-key keyboard (e.g. calculator) B. 10 x 10 matrix keyboard C. 10-lever device, one for each digit D. 10 rotary knobs, one for each digit
A. 10-key keyboard (e.g. calculator)
A warning light system should be at least _____ times as bright as the immediate background. A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 10
A. 2
A worker performing heavy work for 30 minutes is measured to be consuming oxygen at an average rate of 1.54 L/min. What would be the total energy expenditure in Kcal? A. 231.0 Kcal B. 151.2 Kcal C. 46.2 Kcal D. 462.0 Kcal
A. 231.0 Kcal 1L of O2 = 5 kcal thus 1.54 L/min x 30 min x 5 kcal/L= 231 kcal
With shape coding of controls, the average human can distinguish _____ shapes without visual cues. A. 3-5 B. 5-7 C. Up to 10 D. As many as 20
A. 3-5
For a normal distribution, one standard deviation is equivalent to what percentage? A. 34.13% B. 68.27% C. 47.72% D. 49.87%
A. 34.13%
Which of the following speech intensity levels is not correct? A. 35 dBa for conversational speech B. 45 dBa for weak conversational speech C. 65 dBa for telephone or lecture speech D. 75 dBa for loud, near shouting speech
A. 35 dBa for conversational speech
When designing a warning or alarm signal, which frequency range is preferred? A. 500-3,000 Hz B. 1,000-3,000 Hz C. 3,000-10,000 Hz D. 6,000-12,000 Hz
A. 500-3,000 Hz
What slope does the ANSI standard recommend for a ramp used for wheelchairs? A. 8.33% B. 9.33% C. 10% D. 15%
A. 8.33%
Which would not be an example of a status indicator? A. A moving pointer dial on a scale B. Indicator lights on a machine that tell what mode the machine is in C. Traffic lights D. Controls on a stove that mark the off position
A. A moving pointer dial on a scale
What is an agonist? A. A muscle that provides the primary force for a specific movement B. A muscle that can fixate or support a bone C. A muscle that works with other muscles D. A muscle that works against the antagonist
A. A muscle that provides the primary force for a specific movement
A movement of a body segment in a lateral plane away from the midline of the body is called _____? A. Abduction B. Flexion C. Extension D. Adduction
A. Abduction
_____ modeling is best used for analyzing infrequent static lifting tasks in the sagittal plane: A. Biomechanical B. Physiological C. Psychophysical D. Anthropometric
A. Biomechanical
Three approaches for evaluating lifting and lowering tasks and establishing acceptable workload criteria are: A. Biomechanical, physiological, psychophysical B. Anthropometric, psychological, physical C. Trigonometric, cardivascular, mental D. OSHA, NIOSH, HFES
A. Biomechanical, physiological, psychophysical
_____ is the most important regulator of circadian rhythms. A. Bright light, regardless of source B. Bright light from the sun only C. Staying in a routine D. Glucose levels in blood
A. Bright light, regardless of source
There are three classes of knobs based on the function they are designed to serve. Which class would best serve for a continuous control which requires twirling or spinning? A. Class A: Multiple rotation B. Class B: Fractional rotation C. Class C: Detent positioning D. Class D: Positioning rotation
A. Class A: Multiple rotation
Design of equipment, procedures, and environments can improve the performance of people, including reducing the likelihood and consequence of errors. The following are generic design approaches for dealing with human error except for: A. Coding designs B. Exclusion designs C. Prevention designs D. Fail-safe designs
A. Coding designs
Which of the following should be used when designing the force requirements to activate a control on a vehicle: A. Design for the smallest (5th percentile female) B. Design for the average (50th percentile) C. Design for the largest (95th percentile male) D. Design for the range (5th -95th percentile)
A. Design for the smallest (5th percentile female)
One type of control device that transmits cursor positioning information is A. Digitizing tablet B. Pedal C. Hand push button D. Lever
A. Digitizing tablet
Displays are classified as what two types? A. Dynamic or static B. Simple or complex C. Analog or digital D. Quantitative or qualitative
A. Dynamic or static
The ergonomist expresses cost to the human body in terms of what? A. Energy expenditure B. Cost of injuries C. Biomechanical formulas D. Anthropometric data
A. Energy expenditure
The acronym HAVS refers to a condition known as _____. A. Hand arm vibration syndrome B. Hemoglobin and artery vibration syndrome C. Hemorrhage artery vessel syndrome D. Hand artery vibration syndrome
A. Hand arm vibration syndrome
Which is an example of a first class lever in a human body? A. Head and neck B. Mouth C. Object in a hand D. Lifting a box
A. Head and neck
Which of the following is not a characteristic of reliability? A. How often a system breaks down B. Can measure the amount of time a system or individual performs successfully, either until or between failures C. Can be thought of in terms of the probability of successful performance D. Is usually expressed as the probability of successful performance
A. How often a system breaks down
Which three concepts characterize ergonomics? A. Human performance, ergonomic design, and systems integration B. Lifting, frequency, and reach C. Physical, mental, and emotional demands D. Academic, practitioner, integration
A. Human performance, ergonomic design, and systems integration
Night work is associated with: A. Increased accident frequency B. Decreased accident frequency C. Negligible changes in accident frequency D. Non-detectable changes in accident frequency
A. Increased accident frequency
Tenosynovitis can best be described by: A. Inflammation of the tendon and the synovial sheath B. Inflammation of the tendons C. A sore elbow D. A torn ligament
A. Inflammation of the tendon and the synovial sheath
Every component in a system serves at least one function. One function that interacts with all the other functions is: A. Information storage B. Information receiving C. Information processing D. Action
A. Information storage
Due to the ergotropic and trophotropic phases of the human organism, one could assume that nightwork would be conducive to _____ output. A. Lower B. Higher C. No impact D. All of the above
A. Lower
Manual systems, mechanical systems, and automated systems are examples of what type of system? A. Man-machine system B. Ergonomic system C. Production system D. Closed loop system
A. Man-machine system
The following are examples of measures of physical strain except: A. Oxygen deficit B. Blood pressure C. Heart rate D. Sinus arrhythmia
A. Oxygen deficit
Human factors research can be classified into one of three types of research, not including _____. A. Performance research B. Descriptive studies C. Experimental research D. Evaluation research
A. Performance research
The basic unit of speech is known as the: A. Phoneme B. Diphthong C. Vowel D. Vocabulary
A. Phoneme
All of the following terms are types of resistance that oppose the forces applied to a control except: A. Proportional B. Static C. Inertial D. Elastic
A. Proportional
The term "population percentages" may be found when discussing what method of work? A. Psychophysical B. Biomechanical C. Physiological D. Timed activity
A. Psychophysical
A display with a fixed scale and a moving pointer is a typical example of a _____ display. A. Quantitative B. Qualitative C. Representational D. Check reading
A. Quantitative
A fixed scale with a moving pointer, a moving scale with a fixed pointer, and a digital display are examples of what type of display? A. Quantitative B. Qualitative C. Status D. Time phased
A. Quantitative
What color should a warning light be for an operator standing at a console loading/unloading a machine? A. Red B. Yellow C. Either red or yellow D. Any color, as long as it is consistent
A. Red
Which of the following statements regarding keyboards is false A. Research has shown that the QWERTY keyboard is superior to the DVORAK keyboard B. Although split keyboards are not common today they may gain popularity and could be effective from both a performance and safety standpoint C. Research has shown that both activation and finger position feedback are important in membrane keypad use and should be designed into the device to aid the user D. Keypads incorporating the tone supplied the best activation feedback and resulted in the fewest number of errors
A. Research has shown that the QWERTY keyboard is superior to the DVORAK keyboard
It is widely recognized that an important aspect of hand tool use is often overlooked. This aspect is: A. Training B. Tool repair C. Tool design and selection D. Tool labeling
A. Training
The first mechanism for heat dissipation by human body is to: A. Transport the heat in the blood to the skin B. Sweat C. Shivering D. Reduce heart rate
A. Transport the heat in the blood to the skin
Which best describes this statement: "Working with relaxed upper arms and elbows at about 90% provides comfort and helps maintain straight wrists." A. True B. True, concerning upper arms only C. True, concerning straight wrists only D. False
A. True
The ability to discriminate fine detail that depends largely on the accommodation of the eyes defines A. Visual acuity B. Adaptation C. Luminance D. Color discrimination
A. Visual acuity
What is basic stroke-to-width height for united states military standard letters? A. 1:1 B. 1:8 C. 4:1 D. No standard exists
B. 1:8
A warning light system should be designed to flash at what rate in order to attract attention? A. 1-3 flashes per second B. 3-10 flashes per second C. 20-30 flashes per second D. 30-50 flashes per second
B. 3-10 flashes per second
Over an 8 hour day, energy expenditure should average: A. 7.0 kcal/min for men and 5 for women B. 4.45 kcal/min for men and 3.10 for women C. Equal kcal for men and women D. 2.5 kcal/min for men and 1/5 for women
B. 4.45 kcal/min for men and 3.10 for women
What is the maximum height a stair riser should not exceed, according to ANSI standards? A. 6" B. 7" C. 7.5" D. 8"
B. 7"
A noise dose of 50% is designed as the action level, or the point at which the employer must implement a continuing, effective hearing conservation program. This action level is: A. 80 dBa B. 85 dBa C. 90 dBa D. 95 dBa
B. 85 dBa
For close up reading such as a book, the normal reading distance is usually somewhere between 12-16 inches. What print size is commonly used? A. 4-8pt B. 9-11pt C. 11-14pt D. 14-16pt
B. 9-11pt
Which seat angle (i.e. between seat pan and backrest) will cause the highest disc pressure at L3/L4? A. 80 B. 90 C. 110 D. 130
B. 90
In "Acceleration aiding" the control movement controls three variables. These are: A. Acceleration, rate, perception B. Acceleration, rate, position C. Acceleration, position, speed D. Rate, position, hand movement speed
B. Acceleration, rate, position
The definition of a display is: A. Any method of presenting information directly B. Any method of presenting information indirectly C. A meter that presents auditory information D. A method that is only used for visual information
B. Any method of presenting information indirectly
The instrument used to measure a person's threshold of hearing (that is the minimum sound pressure level that is just audible) at selected frequency is called a(n): A. Sound level meter B. Audiometer C. Octave band analyzer D. Audiogram
B. Audiometer
What do the terms "upstream" and "downstream" describe? A. Manager accountability in a system B. Before the part of the system you are looking at and what happens in the system after the selection C. Bloodflow through muscle tissue during dynamic exercise D. A bell curve
B. Before the part of the system you are looking at and what happens in the system after the selection
In regards to speech transmission, what best defines filtering on speech? A. A muffling of the speech along all frequencies B. Blocking out certain frequencies and permitting only the remaining frequencies to be transmitted C. Raising the intensity levels of the speech in the frequencies that are desired D. Eliminating all frequencies above or below 2000 Hz
B. Blocking out certain frequencies and permitting only the remaining frequencies to be transmitted
There are three classes of knobs based on the function they are designed to serve. Which class would best serve for a continuous control for which the knob adjustment range is usually less than one full turn? A. Class A: Multiple rotation B. Class B: Fractional rotation C. Class C: Detent positioning D. Class D: Positioning rotation
B. Class B: Fractional rotation
Relationships between components, be they people or things, are called links. Types of links generally fall into three classes and include: A. Human links, equipment links, and material links B. Communication links, control links, and movement links C Display links, control links, and action links D. Human links, control links, and machine links
B. Communication links, control links, and movement links
Finkelstein's test is a test for: A. Visual acuity B. De Quervain's Disease C. Phalen's Disease D. Intracarpal Pressures
B. De Quervain's Disease
When people are required to do more than one task at the same time, performance on at least one of the tasks often _____. A. Increases B. Decreases C. May increase or decrease depending on the type of task D. Stays generally the same
B. Decreases
Which of the following should be used when designing the height of a non-adjustable desktop? A. Design for the smallest (5th percentile female) B. Design for the average (50th percentile) C. Design for the largest (95th percentile male) D. Design for the range (5th -95th percentile)
B. Design for the average (50th percentile)
The most basic type of perception is: A. Identification B. Detection C. Recognition D. Judgement
B. Detection
What would a uniformly luminous disc which subtends a visual angle of 4 minutes presented in pulses of 1/5s on a uniformly luminous screen be used for A. Measure luminaires B. Determine threshold of visibility C. Measure reflectance D. Measure illuminance
B. Determine threshold of visibility
Allocation of function means? A. Which part of the assembly line will perform a given task B. Determining if a given function can best be performed by human or machine C. Assigning responsibilities to individuals D. Determining what the function of a machine is before it is built
B. Determining if a given function can best be performed by human or machine
The type of information transmitted by a control can be divided into two broad classes; A. Selective and variable B. Discrete and continuous C. Incremental and dynamic D. Limited and continual
B. Discrete and continuous
There are two primary situations in which biomechanics of the back should be analyzed. A. During manual lifting and to evaluate the effects of work breaks B. During manual lifting and to evaluate the effects of different body positions C. During manual lifting and to evaluate the effects of dynamic loads D. During manual lifting and to evaluate the effects of static loads
B. During manual lifting and to evaluate the effects of different body positions
Which one of the following is not a criteria for selecting symbols? A. Matching B. Efficiency C. Preferences D. Opinions and recognition
B. Efficiency
Which is not a definition of a system? A. An entity that exists to carry out some purpose B. Equipment and people working independently C. Humans and machines that interact to accomplish a goal D. Hand tools couples to a person who controls the operations
B. Equipment and people working independently
Every human action is an opportunity for error. Failing to perform a task correctly is called: A. Errors of omission B. Errors of commission C. Sequence errors D. Timing errors
B. Errors of commission
State newton's second law: A. M=FA B. F=ma C. A=FM D. A/M=F
B. F=ma
A male with an overall height in the 50th percentile will have an upper leg length that is in the 50th percentile also A. True B. False
B. False
A movement in a segment of the body causing a decrease in the angle at the joint is called ______? A. Abduction B. Flexion C. Extension D. Adduction
B. Flexion
The early 1900s work that included the study of skill, performance, fatigue, and the design of work environments were completed by: A. Fredrick Taylor B. Frank and Lillian Gilbreath C. H. Heinrich D. P. Fungelli
B. Frank and Lillian Gilbreath
When considering energy consumption, what style of lifting yields the lowest energy costs? A. Straight back, bent knee B. Freestyle C. Stoop D. Squat
B. Freestyle
To avoid perceptions of flicker, displays with light backgrounds must have a: A. Lower refresh rate than screens with dark backgrounds B. Higher refresh rate than screens with dark backgrounds C. Reduced brightness in the background lightness D. Larger letters to compensate for the flicker
B. Higher refresh rate than screens with dark backgrounds
The following are examples of dynamic work, except for: A. Isotonic work B. Holding circuit boards C. Muscle contraction alternating with relaxation D. Arm and shoulder muscles in repetitive lifting
B. Holding circuit boards
In experimental research, the experimenter manipulates one or more variables. This group of variables is known as: A. Dependent variables B. Independent variables C. Experimental variables D. Set variables
B. Independent variables
In keying tasks, which two fingers are associated with high-frequency activation? A. Thumb and little finger B. Index and middle fingers C. Thumb and index finger C. Thumb and middle finger
B. Index and middle fingers
The term used to describe that causes white features on a black background to appear to spread into dark areas but not the reverse is: A. Typography B. Irradiation C. White on black illusion D. Discriminability
B. Irradiation
Mechanical force transducers are normally used to measure: A. Acceleration B. Isometric strength of human muscles C. Angular forces D. Rotation forces
B. Isometric strength of human muscles
Data about the work activities of people who are or could be involved in the specific system or work situation in question is _____ data. A. Research B. Job analysis C. Task analysis D. Environmental
B. Job analysis
The unit of heat generated by the human body is called a _____. A. Therm B. Met C. Pica D. Hep
B. Met
Fitts' Law is generally expressed as: A. Movement time = a + b(A/W) B. Movement time = a +b log (base 2)(2A/W) C. Movement time = S + NTB + C + NTM + M D. Choice RT = a + b log(base2)(N)
B. Movement time = a +b log (base 2)(2A/W)
An open loop system has the following characteristic: A. Needs further control B. Needs no further control C. Needs continuous feedback D. None of the above
B. Needs no further control
Hedge (1984) reported that complaints of frequent headaches were almost twice as prevalent among _____ office employees as among traditional-plan office employees. A. Cubicle B. Open plan C. Closed-plan D. None of the above
B. Open plan
What office design appears to contribute to an increased number of distractions? A. Cellular office B. Open-plan office C. Traditional office D. Small office
B. Open plan office
_____ criteria is best used for evaluating lifting tasks that are done frequently over a duration of time. A. Biomechanical B. Physiological C. Psychophysical D. Anthropometric
B. Physiological
All of the following are examples of errors of commission except: A. Extraneous act B. Procedural error C. Sequential error D. Time error
B. Procedural error
Which of the following is an example of design for "population stereotype behaviors"? A. Building doors that accomodate people of different heights B. Providing sequential information from right to left in some asian or middle east countries C. Designing hand tools for left handed people D. Using tactile instead of visual or auditory displays
B. Providing sequential information from right to left in some asian or middle east countries
Which of the following is not an approach for assessing manual material handling capabilities and for setting recommended work limits? A. Biomechanical approach B. Psychological approach C. Physiological approach D. Psychophysical approach
B. Psychophysical approach
When the wrist is bent toward the thumb side of the hand it is known as a _____ deviation A. Ulnar B. Radial C. Palmar D. Dorsi
B. Radial
Randomly choosing persons from a list of social security numbers for a study is an example of: A. Representative sampling B. Random sampling C. Reliability sampling D. Variance sampling
B. Random sampling
The minimum time to respond to some stimulus or perform some operation is considered: A. Response time B. Reaction time D. Decision time D. Performance time
B. Reaction time
Ergonomists should follow these philosophies, except for: A. Perform services only in the areas of their competence B. Recommend products only from one specific supplier C. Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manne D. Act in a manner so as to uphold and enhance the honor, integrity, and dignity of the profession
B. Recommend products only from one specific supplier
What does psychophysical mean? A. Isotonic dynamic muscle force development B. Relationship between sensations and physical stimuli C. The study of how our emotions impact our health D. Study of biological indicators such as heart rate and energy expenditure
B. Relationship between sensations and physical stimuli
Control knobs are often used to apply high levels of torque to equipment, for example in turning a steam valve on and off. Which of the following statements are false? A. The larger the knob diameter, the more torque that can be developed B. Research has shown that triangular knobs are comfortable and effective C. Greasy hands have no effect on the amount of torque that can be applied to knobs D. All of the above
B. Research has shown that triangular knobs are comfortable and effective
Viscous damping is _____. A. Resistance caused by mass B. Resistance to acceleration C. Resistance to the initial movement D. Resistance that varies with displacement like a spring
B. Resistance to acceleration
Biomechanical analyses of work use three classes of levers to study and evaluate human performance on the job. Which type of lever is not prevalent in the human body? A. First class B. Second class C. Third class D. First and third class
B. Second class
The following are types of decisions used in an information processing model of human error except: A. Estimating B. Sensing C. Logical manipulation D. Problem solving
B. Sensing
In areas of reduced illumination, what type of control coding would be most desirable? A. Size B. Shape C. Color D. Location
B. Shape
A reaction time of 150-200 milliseconds would normally be associated with what type of reaction-time task? A. Choice reaction B. Simple reaction time C. Paired responses D. Complex reaction time
B. Simple reaction time
Sensing, Information storage, Information processing, and Action is an example of a _____? A. Simple loop B. System C. Complex loop D. CPU
B. System
In addition to human reliability databases, there are methodologies for determining human reliability. Probably the most well-developed methodology is the _____. A. Fault tree analysis B. THERP C. PHA D. FMEA
B. THERP
When performing a human factors/ergonomics survey, the following items are normally listed under physical demands except: A. Heavy lifting B. Tactile requirements C. Static muscle loading D. Work rest patterns
B. Tactile requirements
In experimental research, variables being manipulated by the experimenter are called independent variables and can be classified into three types to include: A. Extraneous, secondary, or irrelevant B. Task related, environmental, or subject related C. Representative, secondary, or subject related D. Predictor, criterion, or extraneous
B. Task related, environmental, or subject related
_____ is an inflammation of the tendons and their sheath and is commonly associated with the clothes wringing motion. A. Tendonitis B. Tendosynovitis C. Epicondylitis D. Trigger Finger
B. Tendosynovitis
Auditory presentation is not preferred if: A. The information is short B. The person's job allows him to remain in one position C. The information is simple D. The message calls for immediate action
B. The person's job allows him to remain in one position
How do you define a person's maximum heart rate? A. The point at which the person no longer feels like performing work B. The point when increasing workload no longer increases the heart rate C. The point at which a person has achieved 75% of their maximum aerobic capacity D. The point at which a person has achieved 100% of their maximum aerobic capacity
B. The point when increasing workload no longer increases the heart rate
What is the best definition regarding percentiles that defines the interquartile range? A. The 95th percentile B. The range from the 25th to 75th percentiles C. The 5th percentile D. The average range
B. The range from the 25th to 75th percentiles
Regarding workspaces and specifically workspace envelopes, Pheasant (1986) describes the zone of convenient reach A. All shelves, tool bins, and manual, and power tools within convenient reach of an operator at a workstation B. The space in which an object may be reached without undo exertion C. Cutting a half circle in the workstation worktable in order to make reaches convenient D. The height at which shelves and work bins are located
B. The space in which an object may be reached without undo exertion
Which of the following is not a good design characteristic of pointers for visual displays of dynamic information? A. Pointed, not rounded or blunt, indicators B. The tip of the indicator should meet and overlap the smallest scale members C. The color of the indicator should extend from the tip to the center of the scale D. The indicator should be close to the surface
B. The tip of the indicator should meet and overlap the smallest scale members
Which of the following does not run through the carpal tunnel? A. The radial artery B. The ulnar nerve C. Flexor tendons D. A and B
B. The ulnar nerve
Which of the following is a common mistaken belief concerning automated systems? A. They require human intervention B. They require no human intervention C. They require human factors considerations D. None of the above
B. They require no human intervention
Lateral rotation is defined as: A. Turning toward the midline of the body B. Turning away from the midline of the body C. Decreasing the angle between parts of the body D. Increasing the angle between parts of the body
B. Turning away from the midline of the body
What is the formula used to measure the wet bulb globe temperature? (NWB =natural wet bulb temperature, GT is globe temperature, and DB is dry bulb temperature) A. WBGT = 0.6 NWB + GT + 0.2 DB B. WBGT = 0.7 NWB + 0.3 GT C. WBGT = 0.7 NWB + 0.2 GT + DB D. WBGT = 0.6 NWB + 0.3 GT + 0.3 DB
B. WBGT = 0.7 NWB + 0.3 GT
A static coefficient of friction of _____ or higher is considered the minimum for pedestrian safety under most conditions A. 0.10 B. 0.30 C. 0.50 D. 0.70
C. 0.50
It is recommended that the size of the tops of keys on a keyboard should be _____ inches square. A. 0.75 B. 0.60 C. 0.50 D. 0.45
C. 0.50
For systems (A) to fail, components (B) and (C), which are in parallel, must fail. If the reliability of (B) and (C) are both .70, then what is the reliability of the system? A. 0.49 B. 0.51 C. 0.91 D. 0.97
C. 0.91
Which of the following is the least effective in numeric progression of scales? A. 5, 10, 15, 20 B. 25, 50, 75, 100 C. 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 D. 0, 1, 2, 3
C. 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5
Power grips are recommended for a diameter of (1.5 to 1.6 inches). An acceptable range for the power grip is from: A. 1 to 2 in B. 1 to 3 in C. 1.25 to 2 in D. 1.5 to 3 in
C. 1.25 to 2 in
In the design of work, musculoskeletal work can be maintained for several hours per day without symptoms of muscle fatigue if the force exerted does not exceed approximately _____% of the MVF. A. 5 B. 8 C. 10 D. 15
C. 10
A person's normal line of sight is some _____ degrees below the horizontal plane. A. 0-5 B. 5-10 C. 10-15 D. 20
C. 10-15
In order to accommodate wheelchair bound persons, ramps should be a maximum slope of 1:_____ A. 6 B. 10 C. 12 D. 20
C. 12
The normal line of sight is considered to be about _____ below the horizon. A. 12 degrees B. 14 degrees C. 15 degrees D. 18 degrees
C. 15 degrees
The unit of measure for the insulating properties of clothing is the clo. One clo unit has roughly the amount of insulation to compensate for a drop of about: A. 12 degrees B. 14 degrees C. 16 degrees D. 18 degrees
C. 16 degrees
Variations in wavelength within the visible spectrum give rise to the perception of color, blues being around: A. 350nm B. 400nm C. 450nm D. 500 nm
C. 450nm
If you design to accomodate people using the range from 5th percentile female to 95th percentile male, this will accommodate _____ of a population. A. 85% B. 90% C. 95% D. 100%
C. 95%
Without considering the nature of work, an average working height of _____ should be convenient for a standing US male. A. 750 mm B. 800 mm C. 975 mm D. 1100 mm
C. 975 mm
Physically demanding work can be assessed at which levels? A. Systematically B. Locally C. A and B D. None of the above
C. A and B
Yerkes-Dodson law states that: A. An increase in correct signal detection will cause a reduction in errors B. No two objects can occupy the same space at the same time C. An increase in arousal up to a point can produce an increase in quality and/or rate of performance D. Speed of response is functionally related to operator and task characteristics
C. An increase in arousal up to a point can produce an increase in quality and/or rate of performance
There are three classes of knobs based on the function they are designed to serve. Which class would best serve for discrete setting controls, for which the knob position can be an important item of information? A. Class A: Multiple rotation B. Class B: Fractional rotation C. Class C: Detent positioning D. Class D: Positioning rotation
C. Class C: Detent positioning
The most important factor that causes carpal tunnel syndrome is: A. Impact of the hand against blunt objects B. Swelling of the transverse carpal ligament C. Compression of the median nerve brought on by swelling of the tendons passing through the wrist D. Swelling of the radial artery which passes through the transverse carpal ligament
C. Compression of the median nerve brought on by swelling of the tendons passing through the wrist
The following are considered perceptual loads when performing human factors/ergonomics surveys except for: A. Auditory demands B. Visual acuity needs C. Concentration requirements D. Space and depth perception requirements
C. Concentration requirements
Luminance contrast is expressed by: A. Contrast = [(B1 + B2) / B1] x 100 B. Contrast = [(B1 - B2) / B2 ] x 100 C. Contrast = [(B1 - B2) / B1] x 100 D. Contrast = [(B1 + B2) / B2] x 100
C. Contrast = [(B1 - B2) / B1] x 100
Rank the order of traditional hazard warning terms from most serious to least serious: A. Caution, warning, danger B. Danger, caution, warning C. Danger, warning, caution D. Warning, danger, caution
C. Danger, warning, caution
One recognized type of glare is: A. Diffuse B. Specular C. Discomfort D. Compound
C. Discomfort
When using pointers and scales it is recommended that the tip of the pointer _____. A. Slightly overlap the smallest scale markers B. Cover at least half of the smallest scale markers C. Does not overlap the smallest scale marker D. Is not close to the face of the surface to increase parallax
C. Does not overlap the smallest scale marker
The environment of a system is: A. Everything inside and outside of the boundaries B. Everything inside of the boundaries C. Everything outside of the boundaries D. None of the above
C. Everything outside of the boundaries
A movement of a segment of the body causing an increase in the angle at the joint is called _____? A. Abduction B. Flexion C. Extension D. Adduction
C. Extension
Hot dry skin, dizziness, nausea, rapid weak pulse, and rapid shallow breathing are symptoms of: A. Diabetic reaction B. Heart attack C. Heat stroke D. Stroke
C. Heat stroke
If one were designing a knob control that was required to make fine display movements, and _____ C/R ratio would be desirable. A. Low B. Medium C. High D. It does not matter
C. High
Performance, safety, health, durability, marketability, and social value are still evaluated during what phase of system development? A. study and analysis B. Design C. Implementation and evaluation D. System specifications
C. Implementation and evaluation
The 1980s saw accelerated growth for the ergonomic profession. Which of the following is not a reason for this growth? A. Industrial disasters such as Bhobal, India, and Three Mile Island B. Product liability claims and their human factors aspects C. Improved design in packaging consumer products and industrial materials D. The increase in computer usage and human interaction
C. Improved design in packaging consumer products and industrial materials
Static dimensions are body measurements taken when the body is: A. In a standing position B. In a sitting position C. In a fixed position D. Lying horizontal and at rest
C. In a fixed position
Resistance in controls is a major part of the feedback or "feel" of a control. Which of the following statements about control resistance are true? A. Some controls have no resistance whatsoever B. Such control resistance is a poor or nonexistent source of feedback C. In some controls, the designer can use resistance that actually enhances performance D. The primary types of resistance are elastic, dynamic, and non-inertia
C. In some controls, the designer can use resistance that actually enhances performance
For reliability purposes, adding components in parallel: A. Decreases reliability in the system B. Has no effect on reliability in the system C. Increases the reliability of the system D. Depends on other subsystems
C. Increases the reliability of the system
Work consitioned pauses are defined as: A. When workers occupy themselves with easier, routine tasks to relax from concentrating on the main jobs B. Breaks at certain times of the day prescribed by management C. Interruptions that arise either from the operation of a machine or organization of the work D. Pauses for rest that workers take on their own
C. Interruptions that arise either from the operation of a machine or organization of the work
In low illumination circumstances where high accuracy is required, which is the best option that will make a quantitative scale easier to read? A. Eliminate some of the markers B. Highlight major markers C. Lengthen the scale and widen all the markers D. Make the markers fluorescent
C. Lengthen the scale and widen all the markers
In lighting/illumination, the fundamental photometric quantity which is the rate at which light energy is emitted from a source is called: A. Candela B. Incandescent bodies C. Luminous flux, or the unit of measurement - the lumen D. Reflectance
C. Luminous flux, or the unit of measurement - the lumen
Basal metabolism rate is defined as what is required simply to: A. Maintain the body in a resting state, leaning against a wall B. Maintain the body in a resting state, standing up C. Maintain the body in a resting state, lying down D. Maintain the body in a resting state, sitting down
C. Maintain the body in a resting state, lying down
What is the relationship between the presentation of music into an industrial environment and productivity? A. Conclusive proof that music increases productivity B. Conclusive proof that music decreases productivity C. No conclusive proof on the effect music has on productivity D. The music has no impact on productivity
C. No conclusive proof on the effect music has on productivity
One example of a cutaneous sensation is: A. Mechanical B. Thermal C. Pressure D. Chemical
C. Pressure
In the context of measurement, what term is used to refer to the consistency or stability of the measures of a variable over time or across representative samples? A. Validity B. Consistency C. Reliability D. Probability
C. Reliability
The time it takes to make a specific response when only one particular stimulus can occur is terminated: A. Total response time B.. Choice reaction time C. Simple reaction time D. None of the above
C. Simple reaction time
In a basic information-communication model, the proper sequence of information flow is: A. Source, channel, encoder, decoder, destination B. Source, decoder, encoder, channel, destination C. Source, encoder, channel, decoder, destination D. Source, decoder, channel, encoder, destination
C. Source, encoder, channel, decoder, destination
The following are types of body movements except for: A. Positioning B. Manupulative C. Static muscular control D. Sequential
C. Static muscular control
The ability to localize the direction from which sound waves are emanating is called _____? A. Localization B. Identification C. Stereophony D. Auditory Discrimination
C. Stereophony
What acronym stands for the body of data that consists of human error rates for many industrial tasks based on a large number of observations? A. AMRL B. ANSI C. THERP D. NED
C. THERP
What is the definition of information? A. The occurrences of highly certain events B. Data C. The reduction of uncertainty D. The occurrence of a highly unlikely event
C. The reduction of uncertainty
Which of the following statements about finger attributes is false? A. The thumb is strongest and little finger is weakest B. The thumb and middle finger are associated with fewer errors C. The ring finger is the weakest and the middle finger is associated with fewer errors D. The index and middle fingers are most suited to high-frequency activation
C. The ring finger is the weakest and the middle finger is associated with fewer errors
Which statement best defines anthropometry? A. Data gathering to identify the "average size or shape of human limbs" B. The measuring of various response times of muscle contraction C. The study of human size and shape data to aid in workspace design and the arrangement of tools and equipment D. Measuring male and female hand, arm, and leg lengths to better design sitting workstations
C. The study of human size and shape data to aid in workspace design and the arrangement of tools and equipment
Studies have shown that the most important function that is geared to circadian rhythm is sleep. Which of the following statements is correct? A. There are 4 stages of sleep and REM is one of the most recuperative B. There are 4 stages of sleep and the first 2 are the most recuperative C. There are 5 stages of sleep and stage 4 is the most recuperative D. There are 5 stages of sleep and the first 2 are the most recuperative
C. There are 5 stages of sleep and stage 4 is the most recuperative
Under what circumstances would you use a force plate? A. To measure acceleration of a body part B. To measure the impact of a hand hitting a hand tool C. To study the ground reaction force that resists the feet during standing, walking, or running D. To study optoelectic force
C. To study the ground reaction force that resists the feet during standing, walking, or running
Of the various cursor positioning devices, Albert (1982) compared the devices. Which was the most accurate? A. Light pen B. Force joy stick C. Trackball D. Position joy stick
C. Trackball
Which one of the following is not a type of directional compatibility that ties in the display-control relationship of the operator in the movement of the control? A. Control-display compatibility B. Visual-motor compatibility C. Visual-control compatibility D. Visual-trunk compatibility
C. Visual-control compatibility
Ergonomists should not specify and fit the following items without a qualified health professional involved: A. Adjustable workstations B. Computer keyboards C. Wrist splints D. None of the above
C. Wrist splints
How much force does a flexor muscle have to generate to hold a 5kg mass. RA=.33m, FA=.03m A. 245N B. 55N C. 500N D. 550N
D. 550N F x FA = R x RA F=R x RA/FA F=50N x 0.33m/0.3m
Approximately _____% of the male population has some form of color blindness. A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8
D. 8
At what decibel level does hearing protection, if properly worn, have little or no degrading effect on the intelligibility relative to the ambient noise level? A. 60dBa B. 70dBa C. 75dBa D. 80dBa
D. 80dBa
When discussing the Principle of Coefficient of Correlation the number 1 indicates A. The values are only slightly related B. The values are related in a negative way C. Values below this level are discounted in safety work D. A strong linear relationship
D. A strong linear relationship
A movement of a body segment in a lateral plane towards the midline of the body is called _____? A. Abduction B. Flexion C. Extension D. Adduction
D. Adduction
Which of the following is not a level of hazard which has traditionally been identified? A. Danger B. Warning C. Caution D. Advisory
D. Advisory
ACGTH issued guidelines to evaluate vibration exposure consider the following aspects of vibration: A. Acceleration B. Duration C. Frequency D. All of the above
D. All of the above
An ergonomist may acquire knowledge through the following methods: A. Supervised field work B. Self study C. Formal course work D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Ergonomists should have the following knowledge and skills to practice professionally: A. Identify known and unknown in conjunction with problem-solution opportunities and constraints B. Model the system with respect to design, training, and personnel selection implication using simulations and mock-ups C. Design human-equipment-environment interfaces, job performance aids, training/selection procedures, materials, and facilities D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Examples of dynamic displays include: A. Gauges B. Radar displays C. Traffic lights D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Examples of human functions or tasks that are involved in the reception of auditory signals are: A. Relative discrimination B. Absolute discrimination C. Localization D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Factors that can influence reaction time include: A. Stimulus intensity B. Expectancy C. Temporal uncertainty D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Factors that should be considered when evaluating machine-paced jobs include: A. Supply of parts B. Cycle time C. Complexity of tasks D. All of the above
D. All of the above
In many systems, components are arranged to provide reliability using the following method: A. Parallel B. Series C. Combination of series and parallel D. All of the above
D. All of the above
In signal detection theory, which of the following will influence an individual's response? A. Noise intensity B. Observer uncertainty about the signal or noise characteristics C. Observer expectancy about the time a signal might be present D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Some classes of control knobs include: A. Multiple rotation B. Factional rotation C. Detent positioning D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Some systems can be considered to be: A. Subsystems B. Hierarchical C. Complex collections of humans and machines D. All of the above
D. All of the above
The following is a type of information that can prove useful in characterizing physical and perceptual work: A. Timed activity analyses B. Motion C. Mechanical D. All of the above
D. All of the above
The following is an example of a psychophysical measurement scale: A. Ordinal B. Interval C. Radio D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Visual presentation is preferred if the message is: A. Complex B. Long C. Does not call for immediate action D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following are considered basic types of movements that are performed by body members? A. Adduction B. Pronation C. Medial rotation D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following are examples of system classes? A. Mechanical B. Manual C. Automated D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following are principles of applying anthropometric data to specific design problems? A. Designing for adjustable range B. Designing for the extreme individual C. Designing for the average individual D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following factors affect visual performance in industry? A. Quantity of illumination B. Time spent in viewing the object C. Age of the worker D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following is not a symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome? A. Numbness B. Loss of feeling in grip C. Loss of hand use and function D. All of the above
D. All of the above
In some cases, the correct and rapid identification of control devices is critical, even to life and death. Which of the following is not a primary coding method? A. Shape, texture B. Size, location C. Operational method, color D. All of the above are coding methods
D. All of the above are coding methods
What is an electrogoniometer? A. A scale used to measure forces B. Measures acceleration C. Measures ground reaction forces D. An electrical potentiometer that can be used to measure joint angle
D. An electrical potentiometer that can be used to measure joint angle
The best definition for a system is: A. A collection of objects working together B. The interaction of humans who work in close confines to one another C. A group of machines and their controls that work together D. An entity that exists to carry out some purpose
D. An entity that exists to carry out some purpose
Visual hints of excessive force, frequent short breaks, and high absenteeism are what kind of clues that show a physiologically fatiguing activity? A. Proximate B. Subjective C. Objective D. Behavioral
D. Behavioral
Hick's law is expressed as: A. Movement time = a + b(A/W) B. Movement time = a + b log(base2)(2A/W) C. Reaction time = S + NTB + C + M D. Choice RT = a + b log (base 2)(N)
D. Choice RT = a + b log (base 2)(N)
Which of the following is not considered one of the major factors that can influence the health and performance of hand tool users? A. Static muscle loading B. Awkward hand postures C. Pressure on joints or tissues D. Coldness caused by air exhaust of the tool
D. Coldness caused by air exhaust of the tool
If one were interested in describing different aspects of an operation or task, all of the following techniques would be appropriate except: A. Naturalistic observation B. Case study C. Survey D. Controlled experimentation
D. Controlled experimentation
What information is needed for biomechanical analysis? A. Heart rate, kcal/min, and oxygen intake B. Population percentages C. Temperature, noise levels, and lighting D. Distance, weights, and angles
D. Distance, weights, and angles
Examples of linar controls include all but which of the following? A. Pushbuttons B. Toggle switches C. Sliders D. Door knob
D. Door knob
According to the 1991 NIOSH lifting equation task specific energy expenditure limits for frequent lifting (cal/min) depend on: A. Duration, frequency rate, accident rate B. Duration, vertical lift location, frequency rate C. Duration, vertical lift location, weight of object D. Duration and whether primarily arm lifts or leg lifts
D. Duration and whether primarily arm lifts or leg lifts
Which of the following four fall causation factors is always controllable by the property owner in the prevention of falls?A. Walking style B. Containment control C. Footwear D. Floor COF
D. Floor COF
Which type of handhold creates the least amount of stress given the same weight? A. Pinch grip on a box B. Handholds cutout in the box C. Holding the box from underneath D. Gripping 1.75" diameter handles on the side of the box
D. Gripping 1.75" diameter handles on the side of the box
Tactile displays have generally found three applications as substitutes for hearing. Which one of the following is not such an application? A. Localization of sounds B. Perception of speech C. Reception of coded messages D. Identification of controls with respect to the design of control knobs and related devices
D. Identification of controls with respect to the design of control knobs and related devices
Which of the following is not a good job design principle to reduce manual material handling of objects? A. Minimize horizontal distances between start and end of lift B. Stack materials no higher than shoulder height C. Keep heavy objects at knuckle height D. Increase the weight of the object to reduce the frequency of lifts
D. Increase the weight of the object to reduce the frequency of lifts
What are zeitgebers? A. A cyclic change in the level of a measure of chemicals in the body B. Unit used to measure intensity of light C. Measures of energy demand D. Internal or external cues that determine biological rhythms
D. Internal or external cues that determine biological rhythms
Which of the following is not an advantage of an on-site ergonomic evaluation? A. It lets the evaluator see the entire process B. It is an effective way of identifying critical risk factors with jobs C. It provides and opportunity for direct communication with people doing the work D. It may view a limited number of jobs during the actual survey
D. It may view a limited number of jobs during the actual survey
If two variables have a correlation of r= -0.09, this would be considered a: A. High, positive correlation B. Low, positive correlation C. High, negative correlation D. Low, negative correlation
D. Low, negative correlation
The following term is used to describe the maximum force output of a muscle or group of muscles: A. MOC B. MSC C. MTC D. MVC
D. MVC
A term to measure system reliability is probability of successful performance. Another measure of reliability is A. Psychosocial B. Human-machine coefficient of correlation C. Human factors D. Mean time to failure (MTF)
D. Mean time to failure (MTF)
Which of the following is not true about compatibility relationships designed into a system? A. Learning is faster B. Reaction time is faster C. User satisfaction is higher D. More errors may be made
D. More errors may be made
If variably 1 and variable 2 are highly correlated with one another (r=1.0), this means: A. Variable 1 causes variable 2 B. Variable 2 causes variable 1 C. Both A and B are true D. Neither A nor B are true
D. Neither A nor B are true
Which of the following is not a design parameter the could affect performance with foot controls? A. Whether the controls require a thrust with or without ankle action B. The location of the fulcrum C. The load or force that is required to activate the foot pedal D. None of the above
D. None of the above
In addition to type and direction, vibration is described in terms of frequency and tensity. Evidence suggests that short term exposure causes: A. Severe physiological effects B. Moderate physiological stress C. Increased risk to the spine and peripheral nervous system, digestive system, and reproductive system D. Only small physiological effects which are of little significance
D. Only small physiological effects which are of little significance
Evidence suggests that short term occupational exposure to vibration causes: A. Severe physiological effects on the body B. Moderate physiological effects on the body C. Increased risk to the spine and the peripheral nervous system, the digestive system and the reproductive system D. Only small physiological effects which are reversible
D. Only small physiological effects which are reversible
Which of the following describes a limitation of using electrogoniometers for ergonomic surveys? A. The device has to be manually held during the evaluation B. The device cannot produce a continuous reading, only at specific time intervals C. The device can only used on legs, not for arm measurements D. The technique assumes that the joint has a simple, fixed center of rotation
D. The technique assumes that the joint has a simple, fixed center of rotation
Which of the following is not a part of the inner ear? A. Auditory nerve B. Basilar membrane C. Cochlea D. Tympanic membrane
D. Tympanic membrane
Which of the following is not a good general guide for visual display selection? A. Use lights to indicate go, no go, start, stop B. Use a digital counter when you want to find the exact quantity C. Use a moving pointer against a fixed scale to determine approximate quantity D. Use a moving pointer against a fixed scale for tracking
D. Use a moving pointer against a fixed scale for tracking
The stockholm workshop HAVS classification system used for vibration-induced white finger uses the following symptoms: A. Vascular effects including blanching of the fingers B. Sensorineural effects including tingling and numbness C. Vascular and sensorineural effects considered together D. Vascular and sensorineural effects considered independently
D. Vascular and sensorineural effects considered independently
The following is the effect of bodily posture on the pressure inside the disc between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae: A. Sitting erect disc pressure - 100% B. Sitting trunk erect disc pressure - 140% C. Sitting bent forward disc pressure - 190% D. All of the above
D. all of the above