Behavioral Neuroscience Exam 1
How many pairs of cranial nerves do humans have?
12
_________ in the brain and spinal cord and ________ in the periphery are specialized types of glia that build the myelin sheaths that surround neurons.
Oligodendrocytes; Schwann Cells
Which of the following describes selective permeability?
Only certain molecules are allowed to cross the membrane freely.
Which process indicates spatial summation?
Present two or more weak stimuli at the same time.
Why is the speed of conduction through a reflex arc slower than the speed of conduction of an action potential along an axon?
Transmission between neurons at synapses is slower than along axons.
Glucose enters the brain via which type of transport?
active transport
Thus far, it appears that the brain feature most strongly correlated with IQ in humans is the ____.
amount of gray matter
Releasing hormones are synthesized in the _______ and released in the ______.
anterior pituitary; bloodstream
Sympathetic is to ____ as parasympathetic is to ____.
arousal; relaxation
A drug that blocks the sodium gates of a neurons membrane will ______.
block the action potential
A cross section of the spinal cord indicates that gray matter is ________.
densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites
An EPSP is to ____ as an IPSP is to ____.
depolarization; hyperpolarization
The concentration gradient refers to _______.
difference in distribution for various ions between the inside and outside of the membrane
The catecholamines include ________.
epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine
Depolarization is to _______ as hyperpolarizaion is to ________
excitation; inhibition
What is the main source of nutrition for vertebrae neurons?
glucose
An individual has difficulty remembering certain things after brain damage, but all memories before the damage are intact. The area of the brain most likely damaged is the _______.
hippocampus
Chemicals are released by axons ____________.
into the junction between neurons
The hindbrain consists of the ____.
medulla, pons, cerebellum
Meningitis is an inflammation of the _____.
membranes surrounding the brain
In addition to influencing other neurons, ______ increases blood flow to a specific area of the brain.
nitric oxide
Voltage-activated channels are channels for which a change in the voltage across the membrane alters their _______.
permeability
What is the primary target area in the cortex for information regarding muscle-stretch and joint receptors
primary somatosensory cortex
Ionotropic effects are characterized by __________.
rapid and short-lived effects
To measure temporal summation in single cells, researchers ______
record depolarizations of the postsynaptic neuron
Charles S. Sherrington was the first to infer the properties of which of the following?
synapses
Ribosomes are the part of a cell that ________.
synthesizes new proteins
Which lobe seems to be especially involved in the comprehension of spoken language in humans?
temporal
Which structure provides the main source of input to the cerebral cortex?
thalamus
The idea that a neuron's membrane is polarized refers to a difference in electrical potential between __________.
the inside and the outside of the membrane