BEHV 5613 - MOD 12

The BHCOE provides the following standards for effective applied behavior analysis organizations:

collaboration among participating organizations and parents; the participating organization provides training to ensure competency in clinical tasks; participating organizations obey all federal, state, and local laws related to health, safety, and employment

When providing parent training programs, the following cultural variables should be considered:

cultural gender roles, disciplinary practices according the family's culture, educational and literacy deficits

The supervisor's acknowledgement of the existence of culture in the supervisory relationship, and active exploration of the impact of culture on the relationship, refers to:

cultural responsiveness in supervision

The supervisor can teach cultural competence through the BACB 5th edition Task List (2017). The supervisor can use the task list to teach various issues such as:

identifying what is appropriate with each culture in regards to reinforce selection specifically to the client

Currentlv in relation to cultural competence:

Discrimination is adequately defined, and what should be done to ensure the delivery of cultural competence is not adequately defined.

Select the answer that does NOT apply. What is important to consider in terms of cultural awareness when working with a child diagnosed and in treatment for ASD?

**Culture has no impact on diagnosis or treatment of ASD. - the need for education about ASD - the meaning and expression of emotion in a culture and how this might affect a child's diagnosis and treatment - the meaning of an ASD diagnosis in the context of the client's culture

All of the following are ways to assess and develop cultural self-awareness except:

**continuing to only take part in one's own culture and cultural practices and belief systems - observing one's private events - consultation with other professionals - using assessments to ascertain cultural bias

Behavior analysts should take into consideration the cultural beliefs and norms in regards to daily living skills, feeding skills, toileting, self-care, and sleeping.

- The BCBA should implement all programs except for feeding skills in regard to cultural competence - should implement all programs except for toileting in regard to cultural consideration - should implement programs based on all assessments without regard to the aforementioned skills

A BCBA is getting ready for a parent meeting at the client's home. The BCBA knows that part of the family's culture is hospitability, and it is extremely disrespectful to not take care of guests in their home. The family will most likely offer tea and coffee during the meeting. The BCBA knows that the current code of ethics prohibits accepting gifts to avoid developing a dual relationship. However, the BCBA also knows that it is important to respect the family's culture to continue to foster a relationship of mutual respect. Which of the following are appropriate responses from the BCBA?

- The BCBA should respect the family's culture and accept the tea or coffee. The BCBA should document their decision and reasons for doing so. - The BCBA should explain to the family that while they understand and greatly appreciate their hospitality, they cannot accept the tea or coffee. The BCBA should document their decision and reasons for doing so.

Some issues that may result in regards to cross-cultural supervision between BCBAs and supervises may include:

- There may be a different culture. - There may be a different geographic location

A BCBA-D is teaching for an online program in behavior analysis. Part of their job requirement is that they provide supervision as needed to the students enrolled in practicum. The practicum does not require the student to be in the same location as the BCBA-D. Many students work in different regions of the country and with many diverse populations. Which of the following are some actions that the BCBA-D can take to ensure that they are providing ethical and culturally sensitive supervision to their students?

- They can foster an environment where students feel safe and are invited to voice their opinions. - They can create a checklist of questions to ask their students prior to supervision to make sure they understand the student's values, worldview, background, culture, and how to integrate those into the supervisory relationship. - They can ask questions about the demographic that the student will be working with to ensure that it is within their area of competence or if they need to seek additional training.

A BCBA, who identifies as a white, is opening their own practice in an area that has a high Iranian population. The BCBA is getting ready to launch their website. A hired consultant suggests that the BCBA should make their website available in Farsi. The BCBA explains that they do not feel comfortable serving clients that cannot read or speak English and having her website in English helps her filter out those clients. Which of the following has the BCBA overlooked?

- a BCBA must follow federal and state mandates to provide language access services - a BCBA must not engage in discriminatory bx against individuals based on language

Which of the following is a factor that might influence whether a family is participating in a treatment plan?

- lack of support - SES - culture

Code 1.06d, which prohibits behavior analysts from accepting gifts from clients due to concerns regarding multiple relationships:

- often cited by BAs as being offensive culturally if they do not accept gifts - is argued by some in the field as not offensive, since BAs are not guests

Ethical Standards are currently set through the following organizations:

ABAI, BACB, BHCOE

In order for BCBAs to be more effective, they can engage in which of the following concepts to improve their best practice?

Acknowledge the importance of culture, develop cultural awareness of oneself and develop cultural awareness of others.

Currently, what is in place in the field of ABA to ensure multicultural competency is available?

An ethics code that asserts referral to a competent provider when a practitioner does not have competency.

Accommodations in manualized therapies contain similar components in ABA to:

BST

Which is NOT a self-assessment tool to develop cultural self-awareness?

Beck Depression Inventory

The BACB Professional and Ethical Compliance Code promotes cultural diversity through 1.02 and 1.05(c) by:

Behavior analysts should only provide services only within the boundaries of their competence related to training, education, and experience or by seeking consultation with appropriate individuals who are competent in those areas.

Currently according to BABC, APA, and ASHA standards:

Cultural competence is objectively defined in none of the aforementioned standards.

In order to make sure BCBAs are following the BACB Ethical Codes, these specific adaptations based on the following should be included:

Family's culture, beliefs and values

Although research and studies on effective assessments in regard to cultural competency in the ABA field are in the infancy stages, some initial findings include:

Having an assessment that addresses what the caregiver finds most important does not have more social validity than an assessment that does not address the question.

In order to make sure that BCBAs are implementing culturally competent manner based on the BACB Ethical Codes. BCBAs should:

Involve the families and community members in the planning of the intervention

Select the answer that does NOT apply. How can having shared components of identity enhance the therapeutic process?

It is impossible to connect with each other without some overlapping identity.

Why is it important to not only have cultural competence when working with client but also to have cultural competence when working with their families?

It promotes generalization of skills across other stimuli and environments.

According to code 1.05 of the BACB ethical code. when there are differences between the behavior analyst and client, then behavior analysts must:

Obtain training, experience, consultation, and/or supervision necessary to ensure services or make aprorate reterrals

In order for organizations to enhance their cultural competence, they should meet the following standards for cultural competence

Organizations should respond to current and projected demographics, and an organization should meet the cultural and ethnic standards of all populations the company serves.

What is one way to become more aware of your private events?

Practice mindfulness when working with clients.

According to the Assessment of Culturally Sensitive Practice in Behavior Analysis Algorithm, the supervisor should make sure the supervise is providing culturally sensitive services. If the supervise is not providing culturally sensitive services, then the supervisor should:

Provide needed trainings, co-consult with the supervise, and remove if ethical concerns arise.

If a supervise comes from a different culture than the BCBA, then ethically the BCBA should:

Provide written and verbal feedback, and search for a formal interpreter if the person speaks a different language.

Regarding implementing assessments:

The agency implementing the assessment should be able to asses in the home language or refer the individual to an organization who can provide multilingual services if English is a barrier.

The BACB lays out specific topics, specifically in codes 5.01-5.07, which an ethical supervisor should follow and cover when supervising staff. Some of these include:

The behavior analyst and/or supervise could attend workshops or lectures.

In regard to reviews of culturally accommodated caregiver training in psychotherapies:

The greatest effect was noted in deep-level accommodations and it accommodated for caregivers of many backgrounds.

Currently in regard to race of the BCBA compared to that of the consumers (clients) according to a 2018 survey from Beaulieu and colleagues:

The majority of BCBAs are White, and the majority of clients are non-white.

According to two recent surveys from 2018 from Taylor and colleagues and Beaulieu and colleagues:

The percentage of parents believing the BCBA demonstrated respect for their cultural values and beliefs was lower than BCBAs responding to the same question

Why does it matter that there is a lack of diversity in the ABA field, particularly when considering clients with autism spectrum disorder?

There is both over- and under-diagnosis in minority groups of AD, and it is important that these clients receive culturally competent services to ensure their impact.

According to the studies in this chapter (Conner & Capell) in regards to efficacy of parent training specifically in regard to Hispanic parents, the following were shown to increase effectiveness:

adaptation of parent training protocols and effective treatment of parents on the implementation of protocols regardless of language used

Parent engagement in implementing training depends greatly on the ABA company's:

the ABA company's communication with the family regarding goals and desired outcomes

Culture includes which of the following:

Values, bx, and ideas

Also according to code 1.05, behavior analysts must not discriminate against others or knowingly engage in behavior that is demeaning or harassing based on

age. gender. race. cuire. eunicity. nanonal onein. reision. sexual orientation, disability, language, or socioeconomic status in accordance with law

Behavior analysts must consider the cultural differences between:

all affected groups, including practitioner and client, employees and employers students and professor, and supervises and supervisors

Three factors that make it likely that all behavior analysts in the United States will serve individuals from other parts of the world include:

an increase in the amount of BCBAs, the expected influx of immigrants, and the increasing rates of autism spectrum disorders

A good behavior analytic program should

be individualized for each client and incorporate the client's culture

Although currently there are no ethical codes that directly address the issues of cultural accommodations, there are features of cultures addressed in various sections including codes 1.02 and 1.05. Some ways that BCBAs can increase cultural competence include:

being aware of individual biases

Providing language accommodations such as considering caregivers' literacy level, accommodations for the caregiver's dominant language, and including the use of bilingual staff is:

best practice and often has legal protection

The EVM model includes:

eight dimensions when creating a culturally sensitive treatment

Regarding cultural competence according to the governing bodies of AB agencies:

initial training in racial, ethnic, religious, and sexual identity in regards to the family(s) being represented is needed, and continuous ongoing training is needed along with collaboration with families

To better serve consumers from various cultures, the ABA organization should be aware of cultural impact throughout the patient lifestyle. The patient lifestyle should include but is not limited to the following in a behavioral practice setting:

intake, billing, treatment planning, therapy delivery, caregiver training, fading, discharge

Making a cultural judgment based on one's opinion:

is not best practice, and could make a difference in parent implementation of services

The major commonalties between psychotherapy manualized training and AB practices include:

language accommodations and agency-centered ideas

Another intervention shown to be effective for a group transition program for Hispanic families of youth with AD included:

making changes based on feedback given, creating or translating and adapting the curriculum

Being mindful of the language used during treatment and assessment and following assessment making appropriate decisions is:

not protected ethically but is a suggestion for implementing cultural competence

During the initial intake process it is important for the person conducting the intake to be aware of the following items:

racial and ethnic makeup of the community, languages spoken, community resources for linguistically diverse populations

Some ways to increase social validity for the ABA agencies by using cultural competence include:

self-assessments, professional networks in which cultural and diversity issues can be discussed, and participating in cultural trainings

Although not behavior analytic, the seminal 1992 article outlines the following three multicultural competencies that a supervisor should address:

self-awareness, knowledge, and skills

Although there is still much research to be done; the element found to have the most social validity in regards to caregivers was:

sexual identity accommodations

When working with cultural competence within an ABA organization, it is important to ensure that the company:

should have a diverse hiring practice, checking for cultural competence throughout the interview process and creating sensitivity to language barriers

Currently there is no specific requirement for culturally sensitivity training; best practice may include:

teaching the trainee under specific tasks such as the behavior-change procedures and having the trainee then model what they learn

The consumer is a part of various cultural groups in regard to the family and the contingencies that the child comes in contact with in the work and social environments. Care-giver training should reflect:

the cultural values guiding the parent's values, guiding the family unit, and guiding the work and social environment

Children's reduction in maladaptive behaviors can be seen in regards to

the increase in effective parent training that leads to parents implementing procedures correctly

A specific challenge in providing cross-cultural supervision that is more difficult to overtly objectively see is:

the unconscious or internal component of culture