Biliary Tree
The hepatic veins are characterized by thick, bright, echogenic walls. A True B False
B False
When measuring the gallbladder wall, it is important to use the posterior wall for measurements. A True B False
B False
Which of the following statements accurately describes characteristics of the structure demarcated by the arrow in this transverse view ultrasound image of the upper abdomen? A It concentrates and excretes bile. B It will typically demonstrate peristalsis. C It will contract in response to cholecystokinin. D All of the above E None of the above
B It will typically demonstrate peristalsis.
A Hartmann's pouch is an outpouching of the gallbladder fundus, and a Phrygian cap occurs when the gallbladder neck is folded on itself. A.True B.False
B.False
Which of the following statements is correct regarding this transverse image, obtained near the porta hepatis? A.Structure 1 is the gallbladder. B.Structure 2 is the common bile duct. C.Structure 3 is the hepatic vein. D.Structure 4 is the hepatic artery. E.None of the above
B.Structure 2 is the common bile duct.
Which of the following is true regarding the biliary tract? A Both the common hepatic duct and common bile duct run parallel to the portal vein. B In adults, the normal common hepatic duct measures up to 4 mm in diameter, and the common bile duct measures up to 6 mm in diameter. C The diameter of a normal common bile duct can dilate up to 10 mm in patients following cholecystectomy. D All of the above E None of the above
D All of the above
The structures demarcated by the arrows in this transverse image of the right upper abdomen are __________. A branches of the portal vein B branches of the hepatic artery C bile ducts D hepatic veins E None of the above
D hepatic veins
When scanning the gallbladder, __________. A.asking the patient to hold a deep inspiration may help visualize the gallbladder B.a fasting state is preferred over a post-prandial state C.it is recommended to use at least two body positions (e.g., supine and left lateral decubitus) D.All of the above E.A and C only
D.All of the above
Which of the following statements is true regarding gallbladder anatomy? A.The gallbladder neck merges with the cystic duct. B.The gallbladder fundus often projects below the inferior liver margin. C.The body of the gallbladder lies in between the neck and fundus. D.All of the above E.A and B only
D.All of the above
Which of the following statements regarding bile is correct? A Bile is composed of water, bile salts, phospholipids, emulsifying agents, bile pigments, and cholesterol. B Bile salts are reabsorbed by specialized cells in the sigmoid colon. C Bile acids re-enter the liver via the hepatic vein as part of the enterohepatic circulatory system. D All of the above E None of the above
A Bile is composed of water, bile salts, phospholipids, emulsifying agents, bile pigments, and cholesterol.
The common bile duct is formed by the confluence of the __________ and __________ ducts. A cystic, common hepatic B common hepatic, intrahepatic bile C right hepatic, left hepatic D common hepatic, pancreatic E None of the above
A cystic, common hepatic
Bile is produced by the __________ and is subsequently transported to the duodenum by the biliary tract. A liver B pancreas C cgallbladder D All of the above E None of the above
A liver
Which of the following structures has bright, echogenic walls when viewed with ultrasound? A.Gallbladder B.Hepatic veins C.Duodenum D.All of the above E.B and C only
A.Gallbladder
The neck of the gallbladder is typically fixed in its position along the main lobar fissure. A.True B.False
A.True
In this transverse ultrasound image taken near the level of the porta hepatis, the structure demarcated by the arrow is the __________. A.hepatic artery B.common bile duct C.portal vein D.common hepatic duct E.None of the above
A.hepatic artery
Cholecystokinin causes __________. A.the liver to synthesize more bile B.the gallbladder to relax C.the sphincter of Oddi to constrict and close D.All of the above E.B and C only
A.the liver to synthesize more bile
Which of the following correctly identifies structures demarcated by the arrows in this transverse view image of the upper abdomen? A Structure 1 is the gallbladder; Structure 2 is the inferior vena cava. B Structure 2 is the hepatic artery; Structure 3 is the common bile duct. C Structure 3 is the hepatic artery, Structure 4 is the common bile duct. D Structure 1 is the inferior vena cava; Structure 4 is the hepatic artery. E None of the above
C Structure 3 is the hepatic artery, Structure 4 is the common bile duct.
Which of the following statements regarding the biliary system is correct? A The gallbladder is an extraperitoneal organ. B The gallbladder's long and short axes closely align with sagittal and transverse planes of the body. C The gallbladder's wall should measure less than 3 millimeters in diameter. D All of the above E A and B only
C The gallbladder's wall should measure less than 3 millimeters in diameter.
The diameter of the structure demarcated by the arrow in the accompanying image typically measures less than __________millimeters in non-pathologic states. A.2 B.5 C.7 D.11 E.15
C.7
What structure is demarcated by the arrow in this parasagittal plane image of the upper abdomen, taken using a transabdominal approach? A.Aorta B.Inferior vena cava C.Portal vein D.Gallbladder E.Duodenum
C.Portal vein
Which of the following interventions may improve sonographic visualization of the gallbladder? A Scan while the patient's right elbow is held over his/her head. B Scan while the patient is holding a deep inspiratory effort. C Scan within minutes of the patient eating a large fatty meal. D All of the above E A and B only
E A and B only
Which of the following statements regarding the gallbladder is correct? A The gallbladder stores bile. B The gallbladder concentrates bile by reabsorbing water and electrolytes. C The gallbladder synthesizes bile. D All of the above E A and B only
E A and B only
Which of the following statements regarding biliary tract anatomy is correct? A The common bile duct lies lateral to the hepatic artery. B The common bile duct lies posterior to the portal vein. C The common bile duct and common hepatic ducts have similar sonographic characteristics. D All of the above E A and C only
E A and C only
The portal triads that course through anatomical liver lobules consist of branches from which of the following structures? A Portal vein B Hepatic artery C Common bile duct D Hepatic vein E A, B, and C
E A, B, and C
Which of the following correctly identifies the structures demarcated by arrows in this parasagittal plane image of the right upper abdomen? A Structure 1 is the inferior vena cava; Structure 2 is the common bile duct. B Structure 1 is the hepatic artery; Structure 2 is the hepatic duct. C Structure 1 is the gallbladder; Structure 2 is the common bile duct. D Structure 1 is the inferior vena cava; Structure 2 is the portal vein. E None of the above
E None of the above
Each portal triad includes branches from the __________. A.portal vein B.hepatic artery C.hepatic vein D.All of the above E.A and B only
E.A and B only
What distinguishes the duodenum from the gallbladder with ultrasound? A.The duodenum exhibits regular peristalsis. B.The duodenum often has an echogenic lumen, attributable to intralumenal gas. C.The duodenum has echogenic walls, while the gallbladder has hypoechoic walls. D.All of the above E.A and B only
E.A and B only
In a state of fasting, __________. A.the gallbladder concentrates bile by reabsorbing water and electrolytes from it B.the sphincter of Oddi is open C.bile is transported into the gallbladder via the cystic duct D.All of the above E.A and C only
E.A and C only
The common bile duct __________. A.is formed by the confluence of the cystic and common hepatic ducts B.delivers bile into the duodenum C.is regulated by the sphincter of Oddi D.courses anteriorly and parallel to the portal vein E.All of the above
E.All of the above
A normal gallbladder __________. A.may have a wall thickness of up to 6 millimeters B.may vary in shape and size across individuals C.is located within the peritoneal cavity D.All of the above E.B and C only
E.B and C only
The ampulla of Vater __________. A.is typically located at the junction of the common bile duct and cystic duct B.is encircled by muscular fibers known as the sphincter of Oddi C.is formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and common bile duct D.All of the above E.B and C only
E.B and C only
The main lobar fissure connects the __________ to the __________. A.inferior vena cava, gallbladder B.common bile duct, cystic duct C.porta hepatis, inferior vena cava D.common hepatic duct, interlobar fissure E.None of the above
E.None of the above
Which of the following statements regarding sonographic characteristics of hepatobiliary structures is correct? A.The hepatic vein, hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile ducts all have bright, echogenic walls. B.The portal vein and common bile duct share similar color-Doppler flow characteristics. C.The common bile duct, portal vein, and hepatic artery are indistinguishable with ultrasound. D.All of the above E.None of the above
E.None of the above
Which of the following statements regarding the structure demarcated by the arrow in this ultrasound image of the upper abdomen is correct? A.This structure typically has a consistent location and uniform shape. B.This structure will demonstrate pulsatile flow with Doppler-mode imaging. C.The long and short axes of this structure are tightly aligned with sagittal and transverse body planes. D.This structure serves to return blood directly to the right heart. E.None of the above
E.None of the above
Which of the following statements regarding this transverse view image of the right upper quadrant is correct? A.Structure 3 facilitates bile entry into the intestinal tract. B.Structure 1 should demonstrate peristalsis. C.Structure 2 should demonstrate flow with color Doppler imaging. D.Structure 4 represents an acoustic shadow. E.None of the above
E.None of the above