BIO 101 EXAM 3

Analyze the karyotypes shown below and determine which trisomy would result in the most serious health consequences:

***NOT B Best guess: C

Fill in the blanks: DNA is found in the ____________ of a cell and is packed into __________:

nucleus, chromosomes

Cells undergo meiosis in order to _________

prepare reproductive cells for sexual reproduction

Which of the following occurs during MEIOSIS but NOT MITOSIS?

produce cells with half the DNA of the original cells

The DNA molecules in your skin cells contain information about _________:?

skin color, eye color, and producing insulin

Quaking aspen* predominately reproduce clonally, meaning through asexual reproduction. They are very good at populating forests and outcompeting other tree species. On rare occasions quaking aspens reproduce sexually. What conditions would favor sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

*NOT asexual reproduction would always be favored* best guess: no clue

A friend of yours tells you that they read that eating bacon that is too crispy will cause cancer. What do you think about your friends claim?

... chemicals and toxins don't cause cancer, they only increase your risk of developing cancer.

DNA sequence of: TAC ACC TTG GCG ACG ACT

3rd TAC ACC TTA GCG ACG ACT

Place the following of gene expression in the correct order: 1. A new protein is synthesized, which can affect an organism's physical traits, behavior, or physiology (aka phenotype) 2. tRNA molecules bind to mRNA condons linking amino acids in a precise sequence 3. an mRNA molecule exists the nucleus and finds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm of the cell 4. RNA polymerase binds to the DNA template strand in the nucleus and produces a complementary mRNA molecule

4,3,2,1

A human female has_____ chromosomes in each skin cell and _____ chromosomes in each egg cell.

46, 23

A mutation will ALWAYS result in ________

A change in the DNA sequence

If there are no growth signals but a cell proceeds past a cell cycle checkpoint towards division anyway, what type of cell cycle gene has likely been mutated?

A proto-oncogene muted to an oncogene

Identify the complimentary mRNA sequence that would be transcribed from the DNA molecule below: *remember that G to C, A to U, T to A TAC GGA TCG GGA TAT CAT

AUG CCU AGC CCU AUA GUA

Which of the following answer options best fills in the blanks? Mitosis occurs in ________, while meiosis only occurs in ______

All eukaryotic organisms, sexually reproducing eukaryotes

Cancer cells often exhibit which of the following behaviors?

All of the above

Which of the following describes the characteristics of a malignant tumor?

All of the above

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

An mRNA molecule is synthesized using a DNA template

DNA evidence is collected from a strand of hair found at a crime scene: How could you determine if a suspect's DNA matches the DNA found in the hair at the crime scene?

By collecting any of the suspect's body cells

In which part of the cell cycle does the cytoplasm separate and form two daughter cells?

Cytokinesis

What happens during the interphase of the cell cycle? a. the cytoplasm of the cell separates and forms two daughter cells b. DNA is replicated c. The cell grows d. The cell's nucleus divides in two e. Errors in the DNA are detected and corrected

DNA is replicated, the cells grow, and cytoplasm seperates

The Central Dogma states that:

DNA is transcribed into RNA which can then be translated into Amino Acids (i.e. proteins)

The region circled in red below is which of the following components of a DNA nucleotide:

Deoxyribose Sugar ( Hexagon shaped)

Which of the uses of gene editing technology in humans would present the fewest technical and moral concerns?

Editing cells to correct a single mutated gene that causes cystic librosis in an adult

T or F: Editing genes in the stem cells of a person's bone marrow using gene therapy will result in those gene edits being passed on to that person's child:

False

Make a prediction: A stand of Quaking aspen trees produced through asexual reproduction would have_______(more/less/the same amount of) genetic variation compared to a population of the trees that are sexually reproducing.

LESS

During gene expression, _______ is/are the major cellular component associated with transcription and ______ is/are associated with translation

RNA polymerase, ribosomes

fill in the blank: Sisters_______ (never, always, sometimes) share the same X chromosome inherited from their mother

Sometimes

BRCA is a tumor suppressor gene (like p53). Mutations to the BRCA gene are common to some types of breast cancer. Which of the following explains how a mutation in a tumor suppressor gene like BRCA can lead to cancer.

The mutated BRCA gene will *FAIL* to pause the cell cycle even when DNA damage is present allowing mutations to accumulate.

You find a young strawberry plant and wonder whether it was produced by asexual or sexual reproduction. Which of the following describes evidence that would suggest it was produced by asexual reproduction.

The plant has the same DNA as the plant next to it

What would you predict would be the result of a cell bypassing the spindle assembly checkpoint before it is appropriate:

The resulting daughter cells will divide uncontrollably

T OR F : Different genotypes can result in the same phenotype

True

In what scenario would you expect to see a difference in the mating strategies and characteristics of male and female birds.

When males produce the most offspring with multiple matings, and females produce the most offspring by maximizing resource for the creating and caring for offspring/

Which set of sex chromosomes would you expect to result in a male phenotype where testes develop (check all that apply)

XY, XXY

What is the end product of gene expression?

a protein

Cas9 is a component of the CRISPR gene editing system. What is Cas9 and what does it do?

a protein enzyme that cuts both strands of DNA at sites specified by an RNA guide

Where would you expect to find cells diving through mitosis? a. in a tumor b. in the skin tissue healing over a cut on your finger c. in the testes where sperm cells are produced d. in yeast ( a single-celled eukaryotic organism) that is replicating e. in a growing human embryo

a tumor, skin tissue, yeast, and a human embryo