Bio 101 Mastering: Ch 3
Polymers that contain sugars ... (a) may store hereditary information. (b) may store energy. (c) may protect cells. Both (b) and (c). (a), (b), and (c).
(a), (b), and (c).
If a strand of DNA has the nitrogen base sequence 5'-ATTTGC-3', what will be the sequence of the matching strand?
3'-TAAACG-5'
Proteins are polymers of _____
amino acids
In the reaction that builds a fat,________ groups react with ________ groups.
hydroxyl; carboxyl
What is the complementary DNA sequence to 5' ATGCATGTCA 3'?
5' TGACATGCAT 3'
If a DNA double helix is 100 nucleotide pairs long and contains 25 adenine bases, how many guanine bases does it contain?
75
Which of the following statements about the formation of polypeptides from amino acids is true? --A bond forms between the carboxyl functional group of one amino acid and the amino functional group of the other amino acid. -Polypeptides form by condensation or hydrolysis reactions. -The reaction occurs through the addition of a water molecule to the amino acids. -A bond can form between any carbon and nitrogen atom in the two amino acids being joined.
A bond forms between the carboxyl functional group of one amino acid and the amino functional group of the other amino acid.
Which linkage forms the backbone of a nucleic acid?
A sugar-phosphate linkage
Select the statement that is incorrect Complex sugars are carbohydrates. All carbohydrates have the general formula Cn(H2O)n. Simple sugars are carbohydrates. Simple sugars contain only carbon, oxygen, and , hydrogen atoms.
All carbohydrates have the general formula Cn(H2O)n.
Which of the following is not attached to the central carbon atom in an amino acid? -A carboxyl functional group -An oxygen -A side chain ("R group") -An amino functional group
An oxygen
The presence of many C-C and C-H bonds causes fats to be ... (a) rich in energy. (b) insoluble in water. (c) low in energy. Both (a) and (b). Both (b) and (c).
Both (a) and (b)
Which part of an amino acid is always acidic?
Carboxyl functional group
What do fats, steroids, and waxes have in common?
Low solubility in water.
Which biological activity does NOT directly involve proteins? Defending cells against viruses. Changing the shape of a cell. Sensing light. Breaking food polymers into smaller molecules. None of the above; proteins are involved in all of them.
None of the above; proteins are involved in all of them.
Which monomers make up RNA
Nucleotides
Which polymers are composed of amino acids? -Carbohydrates -Nucleic acids -Monomers -Proteins
Proteins
Which structure is not a component of a nucleotide? Pentose Sulfhydryl Oxygen group Nitrogen-containing base Phosphate group
Sulfhydryl Oxygen group
Which of the following statements about DNA structure is true? The nucleic acid strands in a DNA molecule are oriented antiparallel to each other. The arrangement of the sugar-phosphate groups determines the genetic code. Phosphodiester bonds form between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the 5' carbon of the adjacent nucleotide. DNA is always synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction.
The nucleic acid strands in a DNA molecule are oriented antiparallel to each other.
Which of the following statements about nucleotide structure is false? The nitrogenous base is bonded to the sugar. The sugar is bonded to the phosphate group. The phosphate group is bonded to the nitrogenous base. The sugar can be either ribose or deoxyribose.
The phosphate group is bonded to the nitrogenous base
Which statement is true of polymers? -They are always made of monomers. -Their synthesis generally consumes water. -They are often made by a hydrolysis process. -They are always made by condensation reactions. -None of the above.
They are always made of monomers.
What do DNA, proteins, and fats have in common?
They contain carbonyl groups.
True or false? Enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrolysis reactions.
True
True or false? Guanine and uracil are examples of nitrogenous bases.
True
Dr. Haxton told one of his students, "To move in the bloodstream, fats need the help of phospholipids." What would a good student say?
Yes. Nonpolar molecules aren't compatible with water.
The organic molecule called DNA is an example of ....
a polymer made of nucleotides.
Fats vary with respect to the number of ...
b) C atoms in the tails. (c) double bonds in the tails.
In fat synthesis,________and fatty acids combine to make fats plus________.
glycerol; water
The secondary structure of a protein results from _
hydrogen bonds
The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by _____ that form between pairs of nitrogenous bases.
hydrogen bonds
A food company hydrogenated a barrel of fat. The treatment
made the fat less fluid.
What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure
peptide
Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____.
peptide bonds
A nucleotide is composed of a(n) _____.
phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar
The most unsaturated fats have
the most double bonds