ITEC 3325 Final, MIS 3000 exam 3
External users of an organization's information system _______. A. Typically form a part of its task force B. Are its customers, contractors, and suppliers C. Are the employees who use the system D. Refrain from providing feedback to the organization
B. Are its customers, contractors, and suppliers
Which of the following geographic object of a geographic information system (GIS) is most likely used to show a particular zip code or a large tourist attraction? A. Intersections B. Areas C. Points D. Lines
B. Areas
An online auction is based on the ________ business model of e-commerce. A. subscription B. Brokerage C. Merchant D. Infomediary
B. Brokerage
In which of the following areas is a semi-structured decision often used? A. Payroll B. Budget preparation C. Research and development D. Record keeping
B. Budget preparation
Initially, offshore outsourcing was used mostly in manufacturing to find ______. A. Skilled labor B. Cheap labor C. Bonded labor D. Child labor
B. Cheap labor
In the context of e-marketplaces, a company can purchase a(n) _______ package that might include services from different vendors, but the e-distributor coordinates them into one package for customers. A. Enterprise, resource planning B. Maintenance, repair, and operations C. Electronic data interchange D. Online auctions
B. Maintenance, repair, and operations
Which of the following statements is true of an e-distributor?
An e-distributor offers fast delivery of a wide seleciton of products and services
_____ is an operational requirement for a global information system (GIS).
Communication between headquarters and subsidiaries
In the context of a global information system (GIS), ______ is the process of managing the interaction among activities in different specialized parts of an organization.
Coordination
The control dimension of a global information system (GIS) requires a(n) _______ architecture for data, standardized definitions used across an organization, standard formats for reports, defined behaviors for different process, and performance-tracking systems. A. Decentralized B. Informal C. Open D. Centralized
D. Centralized
Identify a characteristic of electronic meeting systems.
Desktop conferencing enables participants to have multiple video windows open at one time.
Identify a similarity between agile methodology and extreme programming (XP). A. Both respond to changing needs before the system is delivered B. Both have programmers perform different actions at one time C. Both give more emphasis to team coding D. Both focus on an incremental development process
D. Both focus on an incremental development process
Identify a task performed by a geographic information system (GIS)
Find zip codes of areas with high populations
A ______ is a system that incorporates all the technologies and applications found in a typical information system to gather, store, manipulate, and transmit data across cultural and georgraphic boundaries.
Global Information System
Describe group support systems, including groupware and electronic meeting systems
Group support systems (GISs) are intended to assist decision makers working in groups. Intervention features of a GSS reduce communication barriers and introduce order and efficiency into situations that are inherently unsystematic and inefficient, such as group meetings and brainstorming sessions. The goal of groupware is to assist groups in communicating, collaborating, and coordinating their activities. It's intended more for teamwork than for decision support.
In a global information systems (GIS), which of the following is true of high coordination?
Offers the ability to maintain control of market needs around the world
In the context of customer relationship management (CRM) systems, identify an approach chosen by organizations with an established IT infrastructure. A. On-premises CRM B. Reverse CRM C. Collaborative CRM D. Web-based CRM
On-premises CRM
_____ is the measure of how well a proposed solution will work in an organization and how internal and external customers will react to it.
Operational feasibility
The SDLC is not appropriate for all systems development efforts. Alternatives include:
Service-oriented architecture (SOA) Rapid application development (RAD) Extreme programming (XP) Agile methodology
Identify a true statement about multinational corporations (MNCs).
They are usually centrally managed from their headquarters.
A global information system (GIS) can be defined along two dimensions: customization and communication.
False
A global information system (GIS) remains unaffected irrespective of a company's size and business.
False
True of false? Unlike other management support systems, effective design and implementation of an executive information system (EIS) does not require top management support and user involvement.
False
True or False: One of the drawbacks of a well designed enterprise resource planning system is that it tends to increase the cost of inventories
False
True or false: Operational support provided by global information system involves broad and long term goals
False
True or false? A customer relationship management (CRM) system consists only of sales automation and customer support activities.
False
True or false? A global information system (GIS) can be defined along two dimensions: customization and communication.
False
True or false? A global information system (GIS) remains unaffected irrespective of a company's size and business.
False
True or false? A key decision in supply chain management (SCM) related to manufacturing is cost.
False
True or false? Auctions help determine the price of goods and services when the original set price is too high in the marketplace.
False
True or false? Businesses find attracting new customers less expensive than maintaining current customers.
False
True or false? Companies with a transnational structure have decreased efficiency in production costs because production is spread across more locations.
False
True or false? Decision support systems (DSS) are focused on efficiency rather than effectiveness.
False
True or false? During the planning phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), the systems designer must define the symptoms rather than the underlying problem.
False
True or false? Establishing evaluation criteria often gives rise to subjectivity issues during the systems development life cycle (SDLC) process.
False
True or false? External users are normally part of a company's task force.
False
True or false? Groupware is a software that helps a group of decision makers work with the same application provided they work in the same location.
False
True or false? In a decision support system (DSS), the user interface manages and coordinates the database and model base.
False
True or false? In a multinational structure, financial management is decentralized.
False
True or false? In phased-in-phased-out conversion implementation phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), an analyst introduces an information system in only a limited area of an organization.
False
True or false? In prototyping, modification of a complete system is easier than modifying a prototype.
False
True or false? In the context of knowledge management, tacit knowledge can be captured easily in data repositories.
False
True or false? In the intelligence phase of a decision making process, a decision maker defines criteria and generates alternatives to meet the criteria.
False
True or false? Information management is broader in scope than knowledge management because the latter tends to focus on just explicit knowledge.
False
True or false? Information technologies are a major support tool for making unstructured decisions.
False
True or false? Normally, a task force for the planning phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC) only includes representatives from the IT department along with the top management.
False
True or false? One drawback of a well-designed enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is an increase in inventory costs.
False
True or false? One of the disadvantages of an e-marketplace is that it provides a single platform for prices that is not accessible to all participants.
False
True or false? Operational support provided by a global information system (GIS) involves broad and long-term goals.
False
True or false? Real-time computer conferencing used in electronic meeting systems includes video capability.
False
True or false? Related technologies for group support, such as electronic meeting systems (EMSs) and computer mediated communication (CMC), are considered full-function GSSs because they contain decision-making tools.
False
True or false? The creation of a system specifications document indicates the beginning of the analysis phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC).
False
True or false? The increase in direct buyer-seller communication through e-business has eradicated the opportunities for intermediaries.
False
True or false? The systems development life cycle (SDLC) model is used when the problem under investigation is not well defined.
False
True or false? Unstructured decisions are often used in computer configuration.
False
True or false? Using the internet and web protocols for electronic data interchange (EDI) increases the cost of transmitting documents.
False
True or false? With asynchronous transmission, both parties on a network must be connected at the same time.
False
True or false? With the popularity of the internet, the usage of value-added networks has increased.
False
An information system manager faces design and implementation issues when developing a global network.
True
True or false? A geographic information system (GIS) can integrate maps and database data with queries.
True
True or false? A grocery store offering loyalty cards with discounts to its customers is an example of how transaction data can be used in a customer relationship management (CRM) system.
True
True or false? A request for information (RFI) can help manage the selection of vendors by focusing on the project requirements that are crucial for selecting vendors.
True
True or false? An information system manager faces design and implementation issues when developing a global network.
True
True or false? An organization's structure usually determines the architecture of its global information systems (GIS).
True
True or false? As e-business matures and more companies conduct business online, consumers can engage in comparison shopping more easily.
True
True or false? Criteria are goals and objectives that decision makers establish in order to achieve certain performance levels.
True
True or false? E-business builds on the advantages and structures of traditional business by adding the flexibility that networks offer.
True
True or false? Executive information systems (EISs) are used in spotting trends.
True
True or false? Having modular components is a major factor in the success of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems because it keeps costs down.
True
True or false? In an organization with an international structure, information systems personnel are regularly exchanged among locations to encourage joint development of applications for marketing, finance, and production.
True
True or false? In general the best way to gather tacit knowledge is interactively, such as interviewing an employee with specific questions about how he or she would handle an issue.
True
True or false? Information system projects are often an extension of existing systems or involve replacing an old technology with a new one.
True
True or false? International companies can impede the development of a cohesive global information system (GIS) that is capable of sharing information resources across borders.
True
True or false? It is important to project an organization's growth rate when designing information systems.
True
True or false? Knowledge management draws on concepts of organizational learning and organizational culture.
True
True or false? Organizations can pay external agencies for additional data about their potential customers.
True
True or false? Several IT tools are needed to implement a personalization system.
True
True or false? Supply chains exist in both service and manufacturing organizations.
True
True or false? With a structured process of sharing information among supply chain members, retailers can compare customer demands or sales forecasts with a manufacturer's order forecast.
True
prototyping:
a small-scale version of the system is developed, but one that is large enough to illustrate the system's benefits and allow users to offer feedback.
A DSS includes three major components:
a database, a model base, and a user interface.
intelligence phase:
a decision maker examines the organization's environment for conditions that need decisions. Data is collected from a variety of sources (internal and external) and processed. From this information, the decision maker can discover ways to approach the problem.
management of short term foreign exchange risks:
a mix of free floating, managed floating, and fixed exchange rates characterizes todays international monetary system.
Executive information systems (EISs)
branches of DSSs, are interactive information systems that give executives easy access to internal and external data and typically include "drill-down" features and a digital dashboard for examining and analyzing information.
Strategic support involves:
broad and long term goals
systems development life cycle (SDLC)
also known as the "waterfall model," is a series of well-defined phases performed in sequence that serves as a framework for developing a system or project.
International structure
an organization like this operates much like a multinational corporation, but subsidaries depend on headquarters more for process and production decisions
transnational structure
an organization like this, the parent and all subsidiaries work together in designing policies, procedures, and logistics for delivering products and services to the right market
Management support systems
are the different types of information systems that have been developed to support certain aspects and types of decisions. Each type of MSS is designed with unique goals and objectives.
Unstructured decisions
are typically one-time decisions, with no standard operating procedure pertaining to them
Legal feasibility
is concerned with legal issues, including political repercussions and meeting the requirements of the Information Privacy Act.
technical feasibility
is concerned with the technology to be used in the system. The team needs to assess whether the technology to support the new system is available or feasible to implement.
Scheduling feasibility
is concerned with whether the new system can be completed on time.
the physical design:
is created for a specific platform, such as choosing Dell servers running Ubuntu Linux, Dell laptops running Windows 8 and Internet Explorer, Java for the programming language, and SQL Server 2014 for the relational DBMS.
Main goal of follow the SDLC system
is delivering useful information in a timely manner to the right decision maker
The logical design:
makes the conceptual design more specific by indicating hardware and software, such as specifying Linux servers, Windows clients, an object-oriented programming language, and a relational DBMS.
Planning phase
is one of the most crucial phases of the SDLC model, the systems designer must define the problem the organization faces, taking care not to define symptoms rather than the underlying problem.
Agile methodology
is similar to XP in focusing on an incremental development process and timely delivery of working software. However, there is less emphasis on team coding and more emphasis on limiting the project's scope.
Operational feasibility
is the measure of how well the proposed solution will work in the organization and how internal and external customers will react to it.
personalization
is the process of satisfying customers' needs, building customer relationships, and increasing profits by designing goods and services that meet customers' preferences better. It involves not only customers' requests, but also the interaction between customers and the company.
Supply chain management
is the process of working with suppliers and other partners in the supply chain to improve procedures for delivering products and services.
Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment
is used to coordinate supply chain members through point-of-sale (POS) data sharing and joint planning.
selling prototype
is used to sell a proposed system to users or management by showing some of its features.
Pair programming
is where two programmers participate in one development effort at one workstation. Each programmer performs the action the other is not currently doing.
Operational support involves:
day-to-day activities
Can hinder the success of a GIS:
lack of standardization, cultural differences, diverse regulatory practices, poor telecommunication infrastructures, lack of skilled analysts and programmers
communication between headquarters and subsidaries:
facilitate decision-making and planning processes, a GIS should provide effective means of communication between the MNC's headquarters and its subsidaries
A global environment includes four kinds of factors:
legal, cultural, economic, and political
Subsidiaries of an organization with a global structure:
have the responsibility of marketing and tailoring the products to their countries' requirements.
GIS advantages
helps an organization improve its global coordination, manage the factors that promote globalization, and maintain a competitive edge by supporting strategic planning.
techniques for gathering requirements
interviews, surveys, observations, and the JAD approach described earlier in the chapter.
An example of an internally identified problem would be:
management voicing concern about the organization's lack of a competitive edge in the marketplace
Four types of organizations do business across national borders:
multinational, global, international and transnational organizations
A GIS can be classified acording to the different kinds of managerial support it provides:
operational, tactical, strategic
Structured decisions:
or programmable tasks, can be automated because a well-defined standard operating procedure exists for these types of decisions.
offshore outsourcing
organization chooses an outsourcing firm in another country that can provide needed services and products
crowdsourcing
process of outsourcing tasks that are traditionally performed by employees or contractors to a large group of people through an open call
Self sourcing
s when end users develop their own information systems, with little or no formal assistance from the information systems team.
A proof-of-concept prototype
shows users how a particular task that was not technically feasible can be done.
Pilot conversion
the analyst introduces the system in only a limited area of the organization, such as a division or department. If the system works correctly, it is implemented in the rest of the organization in stages or all at once.
Choice phase
the best and most effective course of action is chosen.
maintenance phase:
the information system is operating, enhancements and modifications to the system have been developed and tested, and hardware and software components have been added or replaced.
Design phase
the objective is to define criteria for the decision, generate alternatives for meeting the criteria, and define associations between the criteria and the alternatives.
parallel conversion
the old and new systems run simultaneously for a short time to ensure the new system works correctly.
plunge (direct cutover) conversion
the old system is stopped and the new system is implemented.
Implementation phase
the organization devises a plan for carrying out the alternative selected in the choice phase and obtains the resources to implement the plan.
During the implementation phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), _____.
the proposed solution is transferred from paper to action, and a team configures the system and procures components for it
implementation phase:
the solution is transferred from paper to action, and the team configures the system and procures components for it.
There are two major approaches to the analysis and design of information systems:
the structured systems analysis and design (SSAD) approach and the object-oriented approach.
Identify a true statement about unstructured decisions
they are heavily influenced by the decision maker's institutions
in the context of economic feasibility, which of the following statements is true of op cost
they measure what an individual would miss by not having an information system of feature
consolidated global reporting
this is a crucial tool for managing overseas subsidiaries. these reports should include accounting and financial data, manufacturing updates and inventory.
Strategic planning support:
this is the core of any GIS, a focus on regionalizing resources more effectively and responding to rapid environmental changes, such as increased political and foreign risks and global competition
How does team use information collected during the requirements gathering phase:
to understand the main problems, define the project's scope—including what it should and should not do—and create a document called the "system specifications."
example of a multinational structure company
tyco corporation, nestle
To design, implement, and use a DSS, several groups, or roles, must be involved. These roles include:
user, managerial designer, technical designer, and model builder.
Prototyping is usually done in four steps:
- Define the initial requirements. - Develop the prototype. - Review and evaluate the prototype. - Revise the prototype.
Summarize the uses for a geographic information system.
A geographic information system (GIS) captures, stores, processes, and displays geographic information or information in a geographic context. A GIS uses spatial and non-spatial data and specialized techniques for storing coordinates of complex geographic objects, including networks of lines and reporting zones.
One of the dimensions along which a global information system (GIS) is defined is _______, which refers to the use of managerial power to ensure adherence to an organization's goals. A. Control B. Standardization C. Coordination D. Transparency
A. Control
_______ help determine the price of goods and services when there is no set price in the marketplace. A. Auctions B. Barters C. Bargains D. Deals
A. Auctions
An international company with a global information system (GIS) in place _______. A. Can increase control over its subsidiaries B. Does not require a global database C. Has restricted access to new global markets D. Fails in the coordination of its activities
A. Can increase control over its subsidiaries
Which of the following is a search for specific information or patterns using input from multiple business partners and data sources? A. Collaborative filtering B. Sales automation C. Marketing automation D. Order processing
A. Collaborative filtering
After a global network is in place, a company must ______. A. Decide which types of information-sharing technologies it will be using. B. Restrict users from sharing information across the globe C. Use standardized software and hardware across all countries D. Consider its objectives when determining the network architecture
A. Decide which types of information-sharing technologies it will be using
A(n) ________ is an application used in all functions of a business and supports decision making throughout the organization. A. Enterprise system B. Collaboration system C. Decentralized system D. Analog system
A. Enterprise system
________ is a method for developing software applications and information systems project in which a project is divided into smaller functions and developers cannot go on to the next phase until the current phase is finished. A. Extreme programming (XP) B. Service-oriented architecture (SOA) C. Joint application design (JOA) D. Rapid application development (RAD)
A. Extreme programming (XP)
________ products, which are products or services that have been standardized for all markets, are becoming increasingly important in international marketing efforts. A. Global B. Domestic C. Local D. Regional
A. Global
A ______ is a system that incorporates all the technologies and applications found in a typical information system to gather, store, manipulate, and transmit data across cultural and georgraphic boundaries. A. Global Information System B. Global Analytics System C. Global Broadcast System D. Global Economic System
A. Global Information System
In the context of e-marketplaces, identify the market that concentrates on coordinating a business process or function involving multiple vendors. A. Horizontal market B. Vertical market C. Diagonal market D. Hierarchical market
A. Horizontal market
Identify a component of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system that provides information on assessing job candidates. A. Human resources B. Supply chain C. Unified database D. Customer relationship management
A. Human resources
Identify a true statement about pair programming. A. In this, two programmers perform same activities at one workstation B. In this, two programmers perform same activities at different workstations C. In this, two programmers perform activities different from the other at different workstations D. In this, two programmers perform activities different from the other at one workstation
A. In this, two programmers perform same activities at one workstation
_______ are programs that carry out repetitive tasks and can be programmed to make decisions based on specified conditions. A. Intelligence agents B. Data stabilizers C. Cyclic trackers D. Sequential recorders
A. Intelligence agents
Which of the following is an advantage of joint application design (JAD)? A. It incorporates varying viewpoints from different functional areas of an organization to help ensure that collected requirements for the applications are not too narrow or one-dimensional in focus B. It improves communication among users, top management, and information systems personnel because seeing a concrete model often prompts potential users of the system to ask questions, express opinions, and so forth C. It reduces the need to train information systems users and increase the system's chance of success by encouraging users' involvement D. It provides a method for investigating an environment in which a problem is poorly defined and information is difficult to gather
A. It incorporates varying viewpoints from different functional areas of an organization to help ensure that collected requirements for the applications are not too narrow or one-dimensional in focus
Which of the following is considered to be a key decision in supply chain management related to manufacturing? A. Location B. Control C. Cost D. Revenue
A. Location
In a(n) ______ structure, a company's subsidiaries operate autonomously but regularly report to the parent company. A. Multinational B. Transnational C. International D. Global
A. Multinational
A ______ is a private organization with assets and operations in at least one country other than its home country. A. Multinational Corporation B. Transnational Company C. Universal Corporation D. Global Company
A. Multinational Corporation
In a global information systems (GIS), which of the following is true of high coordination? A. Offers the ability to maintain control of market needs around the world B. Offer the ability to control and block knowledge between departments C. Provides flexibility in responding to collaborators in different countries and markets D. Increases efficiency and effectiveness in meeting customer's needs
A. Offers the ability to maintain control of market needs around the world
In a supply chain management (SCM) system, typically, an organization hosting an ________ collects transaction fees for the service. A. Online auction B. Online survey C. Online advertisement D. Online investigation
A. Online auction
Which of the following increases the risk of leaking confidential information to competitors? A. Outsourcing B. Insourcing C. Greenfield venturing D. Self-sourcing
A. Outsourcing
During the implementation phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), in _______, the old and new systems run simultaneously for a short time to ensure the new system works correctly. A. Parallel conversion B. Plunge conversion C. Phased-in-phased-out conversion D. Pilot conversion
A. Parallel conversion
During the _______ of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), analysts investigate a proposed solution's feasibility and determine how best to present the solution to management to get funding. A. Planning phase B. Design phase C. Implementation phase D. Requirements-gathering phase
A. Planning phase
In the context of Internet-enabled supply chain management (SCM) system activities, coordinating just-in-time (JIT) inventory programs with vendors and suppliers is part of _________. A. Production scheduling B. Order processing C. Inventory management D. Procurement
A. Production scheduling
A _______ shows users how a particular task that was not technically feasible can be done. A. Proof-of-concept prototype B. Phased-in-phased-out prototype C. Requirements-based prototype D. Computer-aided prototype
A. Proof-of-concept prototype
_______ uses an iterative process that repeats the design, expansion, and testing steps as needed, based on feedback from users. A. Rapid application development (RAD) B. Service-oriented architecture (SOA) C. Extreme programming (XP) D. Joint application design (JAD)
A. Rapid application development (RAD)
The hosting service available for supply chain management systems is called _______. A. Software as a service (SaaS) B. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) C. Platform as a service (PaaS) D. Network as a service (NaaS)
A. Software as a service (SaaS)
One of the issues with a global information system (GIS) is that too much _______ can decrease an organization's flexibility in responding to local preferences and even time differences. A. Standardization B. Localization C. Customization D. Regionalization
A. Standardization
_______ focuses on regionalizing resources more effectively and responding to rapid environmental changes, such as increased political and foreign exchange risks and global competition. A. Strategic planning support B. Management of global tax risks C. Global data access D. Consolidated global reporting
A. Strategic planning support
Identify a difference between the systems development life cycle (SDLC) and extreme programming (XP). A. Systems development life cycle (SDLC) develops the entire system at once, whereas extreme programming (XP) uses incremental steps to improve on information system's quality B. Developers following a systems development life cycle (SDLC) can move to any phase from the current phase, whereas in extreme programming (XP) developers cannot go on to the next phase until the current phase is finished C. Systems development life cycle (SDLC) have a planning and analysis phase, whereas extreme programming (XP) combines both phases into one phase D. In the systems development life cycle (SDLC) changes cannot be made to the system once it is delivered to the user, whereas extreme programming (XP) method delivers the system to the users and then make changes suggested by the user
A. Systems development life cycle (SDLC) develops the entire system at once, whereas extreme programming (XP) uses incremental steps to improve on information system's quality
In a decision support system (DSS) environment, a _________ focuses on how the DSS is implemented and usually addresses questions about data storage, file structure, user access, response time, and security measures. A. Technical designer B. Model designer C. Managerial designer D. Database designer
A. Technical designer
In the context of knowledge management, identify a task performed by a chief knowledge officer (CKO). A. The CKO ensures that the organization profits from the knowledge resources B. The CKO ensures that key knowledge resources are properly collected, stored, and disseminated among the business partners C. The CKO tries to minimize the return on investment related to knowledge management systems D. The CKO decreases revenue by increasing the delivery time for products and services
A. The CKO ensures that the organizaiton profits from the knowledge resources
Which of the following elements plays a major role in implementing a supply chain management (SCM) system? A. The internet B. CASE tools C. Software development life cycle (SDLC) D. Auctions
A. The internet
_______ restricts what type of data can be captured and transmitted in foreign countries. A. Transborder data flow B. Transcontinental data flow C. International data flow D. Tariff data flow
A. Transborder data flow
In an organization with a(n) ________ structure, the parent company and all the subsidiaries work together in designing policies, procedures, and logistics for delivering products and services to the right market. A. Transnational B. International C. Global D. Universal
A. Transnational
Identify a technique under the executive information systems (EISs) that allows managers to flag data that is unusual or out of normal boundaries. A. Variance reporting B Forecasting C. Text mining D. Data reporting
A. Variance reporting
In the context of supply chain management (SCM) systems, which markup language has helped organizations use the internet and open electronic data interchange (EDI) to perform the same function as that of traditional EDI? A. XML B. SML C. DCML D. HTML
A. XML
With a(n) ________ outsourcing approach, an organization chooses an outsourcing firm in another country that can provide needed services and products. A. offshore B. online C. onshore D. offline
A. offshore
Variety of taks that take place in the implementation phase
Acquiring new equipment Hiring new employees Training employees Planning and designing the system's physical layout Coding Testing Designing security measures and safeguards Creating a disaster recovery plan
In the context of personalization technology, what is the drawback of collaborative filtering (CF)? A. Collaborative filtering is useful for making recommendations across unrelated categories B. Collaborative filtering needs a large sample of users and content to work well C. Collaborative filtering does not work well for a single product category D. Collaborative filtering can accept inputs from only one data source at a time
B. Collaborative filtering needs a large sample of users and content to work well
In the design phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), the ________ is an overview of the system and does not include hardware or software choices. A. Layout design B. Conceptual design C. Physical design D. Logical design
B. Conceptual design
In the context of a global information system (GIS), ______ is the process of managing the interaction among activities in different specialized parts of an organization. A. Globalization B. Coordination C. Regionalization D. Socialization
B. Coordination
Control in a global information system (GIS) requires _______. A. Flexible formats for reports B. Defined behaviors for different processes C. Variable definitions used across an organization D. A decentralized architecture for data
B. Defined behaviors for different processes
Computer-aided systems engineering (CASE) tools are typically used during the _______ of the systems development life cycle (SDLC). A. Planning phase B. Design phase C. Implementation phase D. Maintenance phase
B. Design phase
Which of the following components of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system provides business-two-consumer (B2C) information related to order status and business-to-business (B2B) information related to suppliers and business partners? A. Supply chain management B. E-commerce C. Vendor integration D. Customer relationship management
B. E-commerce
Which of the following is an example of an e-marketplace? A. Web-based CRM B. E-distributor C. Internet service provider D. E-auction
B. E-distributor
Which of the following helps businesses maintain a competitive edge in the supply chain by solving time-constraint problems for international trade an making it possible to conduct business around the clock? A. E-wallets B. E-marketplaces C. E-procurements D. E-checks
B. E-marketplaces
A(n) ______ is a supply chain management (SCM) technology that enables business partners to send and receive information on business transactions. A. Printed invoice B. Electronic data interchange C. Business Intelligence D. Purchase order
B. Electronic data interchange
A ______ is a tool used in structured systems analysis and design (SSAD) analysis model that illustrates the logical steps in a process but does not show data elements and associations. A. Data flow diagram B. Flowchart C. Context diagram D. Conceptual data model
B. Flowchart
Which of the following is considered to be a key decision about inventory in supply chain management related to manufacturing? A. How much should be produced? B. How much should be ordered? C. What should be produced? D. Where should the manufacturing facilities be?
B. How much should be ordered?
During the _______ of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), a solution is transferred from paper to action, and a team configures the system and procures components for it. A. Maintenance phase B. Implementation phase C. Design phase D. Analysis phase
B. Implementation phase
The most common cost-effectiveness analysis methods are payback, net present value (NPV), return on investment (ROI) and _______. A. External rate of return B. Internal rate of return C. Consolidated rate of return D. Corporate rate of return
B. Internal rate of return
_______ are employees who will use an information system regularly, and they can offer important feedback on the system's strengths and weaknesses. A. Suppliers B. Internal users C. Customers D. Vendors
B. Internal users
Which of the following factors is important to ensure that key decision makers are involved in designing a management support system (MSS)? A. Identifying executives' information needs B. Keeping lines of communication open C. Clearly defining objectives and benefits D. Designing a flexible system
B. Keeping lines of communication open
_______ measure what an individual would miss by not having an information system or feature. A. Operating costs B. Opportunity costs C. Development costs D. Investment costs
B. Opportunity costs
In the context of Internet-enabled supply chain management (SCM), handling returned goods and out-of-stock notifications to customers is part of ________ activities. A. Production scheduling B. Order processing C. Customer service D. Inventory management
B. Order processing
In the context of customer relationship management (CRM) systems, identify a technology used to gather information about customers' preferences and shopping patterns. A. Transgressions B. Personalization C. Replication D. Customization
B. Personalization
Considering an entire organization's operational efficiency is critical in coordinating international business activities, so global companies need to change their _______ strategies in an effort to respond to the global market. A. Service management B. Production and marketing C. Local business D. Sales and distribution
B. Production and marketing
_______ are small scale versions of information systems, which are built before building the entire system, and are used to illustrate the system's benefits and allow users to offer feedback. A. Structured systems B. Prototypes C. Flowcharts D. Context diagrams
B. Prototypes
In the _______ of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), a problem is defined and alternatives are generated for solving it. A. Planning phase B. Requirements-gathering and analysis phase C. Design pahse D. Implementation and maintenance phase
B. Requirements-gathering and analysis phase
For organizaitons that do not have in-house resources to develop a supply chain management (SCM) system, identify a vendor who offers comprehensive solutions for this purpose. A. Red Hat B. SAP C. Computer Associates D. Microsfot
B. SAP
_______ is concerned with whether a new system can be delivered on time to customers. A. Technical feasibility B. Scheduling feasibility C. Operation feasibility D. Economic feasibility
B. Scheduling feasibility
The _______ approach treats processes and data independently and is a sequential approach that requires completing the analysis before beginning the design of information systems A. Joint application design (JAD) B. Structured systems analysis and design (SSAD) C. Object-oriented D. Class-responsibility collaboration
B. Structured systems analysis and design (SSAD)
The _______, which indicates the start of the design phase, is created during the requirements-gathering and analysis phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC). A. Execution document B. System specifications document C. Blueprint document D. Maintenance plan document
B. System specification document
Identify a true statement of extreme programming (XP). A. This method does not allow changes to a system after its delivery to the users B. System's quality is improved by addressing major issues that have not been examined before C. Two programmers perform activities different from the other at different workstations D. Developers are allowed to go to the next phase before completion of the current phase
B. System's quality is improved by addressing major issues that have not been examined before
Before adding a global information system, Regal International, an electronics company must take into consideration the ______ infrastructures of the countries where its subsidiaries are located. A. Power transmission B. Telecommunication C. Management D. Social
B. Telecommunication
The _______ component of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system collects and analyzes relevant internal and external data and information needed by other functions. A. Accounting B. Unified database C. Supply chain D. E-commerce
B. Unified database
Resolving conflicts between two divisions is a type of ________ decision at the tactical management level. A. Structured B. Unstructured C. Semistructured D. Restructured
B. Unstructured
Describe the guidelines for designing a management support system.
Before designing any management support system, the system's objectives should be defined clearly, and then standard system development methods can be followed.
_______ are considered the first large-scale interactive global system. A. Hotel reservation systems B. Car rental services C. Airline reservation systems D. Credit card services
C. Airline reservation systems
Which of the following statements is true of a global organization structure? A. Subsidiaries exercise full autonomy in a global structure B. A global structure uses highly decentralized information systems C. An extensive communication network is necessary to manage a global structure D. Production, marketing, and human resources are easily integrated using a global structure
C. An extensive communication network is necessary to manage a global structure
A _______ is a tool used in structured systems analysis and design (SSAD) analysis model that helps analysts understand the data requirements an information system must meet by defining data elements and showing the associations between them. A. Data flow diagram B. Flowchart C. Conceptual data model D. Context diagram
C. Conceptual data model
A ______ is a tool used in structured systems analysis and design (SSAD) analysis model that shows a process at a more general level and is helpful for showing top management and the task force how a process works. A. Flowchart B. Conceptual data model C. Context diagram D. Data flow diagram
C. Context diagram
Which of the following systems' goal is to improve services offered to consumers and use consumer contact information for targeted marketing? A. Integrated marketing communication B. Enterprise resource planning C. Customer relationship management D. Supply chain management
C. Customer relationship managemetn
A _______ is a modeling tool used in structured systems analysis and design (SSAD) analysis model that helps break down complex processes into simpler, more manageable, and more understandable subprocesses. A. Conceptual data model B. Context diagram C. Data flow diagram D. Flowchart
C. Data flow diagram
Transborder data flow (TDF) comprises national laws and international agreements on _______. A. Software licenses B. Ethical standards C. Data security D. Intellectual properties
C. Data security
_______ assesses an information system's costs and benefits. A. Technical feasibility B. Legal feasibility C. Economic feasibility D. Operational feasibility
C. Economic feasibility
A component of the decision support system (DSS) that manages and coordinates the other major components is the DSS _________. A. Database B. User interface C. Engine D. Model base
C. Engine
According to Peter G. Keen, a former MIT professor, which of the following is a benefit of a decision support system (DSS)? A. Focus on efficiency rather than effectiveness B. Ability to cause improvements C. Fast response to unexpected situations D. Easy assessment of costs and benefits
C. Fast response to unexpected situations
A(n) _______, which is a project management technique, can be established using the critical path to list the completion time of a project on the x-axis and all the activities on the y-axis. A. Work breakdown structure B. Event chain diagram C. Gantt chart D. Risk register
C. Gantt chart
________ uses the geographic information system (GIS) application in making the best use of personnel and equipment while dealing with a tight budget. A. Insurance B. Real estate C. Government D. Marketing
C. Government
_________ uses the geographic information system (GIS) application to dispatch personnel and equipment to crime and fire locations. A. Insurance B. Transportation and logistics C. Government D. Urban planning
C. Government
A(n) ______ network for global control over an organization's resources is the foundation of any global information system (GIS). A. Separate B. Individual C. Integrated D. Segregated
C. Integrated
Identify a true statement about web-based group support system (GSS). A. It transmits data with high network security B. It retains the clarity of media across the network C. It can be used on any operating system D. It transfers data with no speed limitations
C. It can be used on any operating system
Which of the following is true of online auctions? A. It is based on the barter business model B. It is useful in setting the price of goods when their price has already been set. C. It is a cost-effective method for selling excessive inventory D. It is a method used to bring buyers and sellers together in a real marketplace
C. It is a cost-effective method for selling excessive inventory
Which of the following geographic objects of a geographic information system (GIS) is most likely used to show a street or a river? A. Regions B. Areas C. Lines D. Points
C. Lines
Which of the following is a strategic requirement for a global information system (GIS)? A. Global data access B. Communication between headquarters and subsidiaries C. Management of global tax risk D. Consolidated global reporting
C. Management of global task risk
Which of the following is an internally identified problem in information systems? A. Government regulations that need to be followed by the system for its approval in the global marketplace B. Suppliers noting inefficiency in the inventory control procedure C. Management voicing concern about the organization's lack of a competitive edge in the marketplace D. Changes that the system will bring to the economy
C. Management voicing concern about the organization's lack of a competitive edge in the marketplace
With _______, an organization chooses an outsourcing company in a neighboring country, such as when a U.S. organization chooses a company in Canada or Mexico. A. Farshore outsourcing B. Onshore outsourcing C. Nearshore outsourcing D. Offshore outsourcing
C. Nearshore outsourcing
Which of the following is a disadvantage of an enterprise resource planning system? A. Issues in planning and scheduling B. Increase in labor costs C. Need for extensive training D. Increase in order-to-fulfillment time
C. Need for extensive training
During the design phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), the _______ is created for a specific platform, such as choosing Dell servers running Ubuntu Linux and Java for the programming language. A. Layout design B. Logical design C. Physical design D. Conceptual design
C. Physical design
A GIS with analytical capabilities evaluates the impact of decisions by interpreting ________. A. Assumed data B. Preexisting data C. Spatial data D. Nonspatial data
C. Spatial data
With _______ transmission, both parties in a global network are connected at the same time, as in a phone call. A. Asynchronous B. Asymmetric C. Synchronous D. Symmetric
C. Synchronous
Which of the following statements is true of traditional electronic data interchange (EDI)? A. Traditional EDI uses non proprietary standards B. When traditional EDI uses the Internet and Web protocols, the cost of transmitting documents increases C. Traditional EDI is more beneficial when there are more companies in the EDI network D. When the number of partners is large in a traditional EDI network, the cost per partner is higher
C. Traditional EDI is more beneficial when there are more companies in the EDI network
An international company with a global information system (GIS) in place _______.
Can increase control over its subsidiaries
The control dimension of a global information system (GIS) requires a(n) _______ architecture for data, standardized definitions used across an organization, standard formats for reports, defined behaviors for different process, and performance-tracking systems.
Centralized
One of the dimensions along which a global information system (GIS) is defined is _______, which refers to the use of managerial power to ensure adherence to an organization's goals.
Control
Which of the following factors can hinder the success of a global information system (GIS)?
Cultural differences
Which of the following is an outcome of the design phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC)? A. A document that contains information of what the system should do and what is needed for this process to be performed B. A document that contains requirements to determine the main problem with the current system C. A document that defines the data flow between processes and external entities, and data stores D. A document with exact specifications for executing the system, including procedures, hardware and software, and networking components
D. A document with exact specifications for executing the system, including procedures, hardware and software, and networking components
During the _______ of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), analysts choose the situation that is the most realistic and offers the highest payoff for an organization. A. Analysis phase B. Implementation phase C. Planning phase D. Design phase
D. Design phase
In supply chain management (SCM), which of the following is substituted by companies for printing, mailing, and faxing paper documents? A. Electronic data processing B. Electronic data extraction C. Electronic data automation D. Electronic data interchange
D. Electronic data interchange
_______ enable decision makers in different locations to participate in a group decision-making process. A. Data communication systems B. Geographic information systems C. Enterprise management systems D. Electronic meeting systems
D. Electronic meeting systems
If a company uses multimedia applications in addition to normal file and database sharing, ________ transmission is more efficient. A. Multi-duplex B. Half-duplex C. Dual-duplex D. Full-duplex
D. Full-duplex
________ is a collection of applications that supports decision makers by providing access to a shared environment and information. A. Infoware B. Firmware C. Dataware D. Groupware
D. Groupware
Diverse regulatory practices ________ the integration process of a global information system (GIS). A. Facilitate B. Empower C. Speed up D. Impede
D. Impede
Which of the following factors has made offshore outsourcing attractive for all types of organizations? A. limited availability of the internet B. Increased cost of communication C. Reduced bandwidth D. Improved telecommunications systems
D. Improved telecommunications systems
In the __________ of the decision-making process, data is collected from internal and external sources and processed. A. Choice phase B. Implementation phase C. Design phase D. Intelligence phase
D. Intelligence phase
Which of the following statements is true of collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR)? A. It generates complex queries and reports quickly and easily B. It discovers patterns and trends that cannot be found with databases C. It nullifies supply chain members through point-of-sale (POS) data sharing D. It improves operational efficiency and manages inventory
D. It improves operational efficiency and manages inventory
In the design phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), the ________ indicates hardware and software, such as specifying Linux servers and Windows clients. A. Conceptual design B. Physical design C. Layout design D. Logical design
D. Logical design
A component of the decision support system (DSS) that includes mathematical and statistical model, which , along with the database, enable a DSS to analyze information is the _________. A. User interface B. DSS engine C. Database model D. Model base
D. Model base
During the implementation phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), in ______, as each module of a system is converted, the corresponding part of an old system is retired. A. Plunge conversion B. Pilot conversion C. Parallel conversion D. Phased-in-phased-out conversion
D. Phased-in-phased-out conversion
During the _______ of the systems development life cycle (SDLC) model, an information systems designer must define the problem an organization faces, taking care not to define symptoms rather than the underlying problem. A. Implementation phase B. Requirements-gathering phase C. Design phase D. Planning phase
D. Planning phase
Which of the following geographic objects of a geographic information system (GIS) is most likely used to show the location of an airport? A. Lines B. Regions C. Areas D. Points
D. Points
______ is a philosophy and a software and systems development methodology that focuses on the development, use, and reuse of small, self-contained blocks of codes to meet the software needs of an organization. A. Extreme programming (XP) B. Rapid application development (RAD) C. Joint application design (JAD) D. Service-oriented architecture (SOA)
D. Service-oriented architecture
There is a(n) _______ of qualified information systems professionals in the United States and Western Europe. A. Abundance B. Slight shortage C. Slight abundance D. Severe shortage
D. Severe shortage
Which of the following is considered to be a core function of a global information system (GIS)? A. Operational planning B. Contingency planning C. Tactical planning D. Strategic planning
D. Strategic planning
Plant location is a type of _________ decision at the strategic management level. A. Infrastructured B. Semistructured C. Unstructured D. Structured
D. Structured
_______ decisions can be automated because a well-defined standard operating procedure exists for these types of decisions. A. Semistructured B. Restructured C. Unstructured D. Structured
D. Structured
_______ support of a global information system (GIS) concentrates on medium-range activities that move an organization toward achieving long-term goals. A. Differential B. Operational C. Strategic D. Tactical
D. Tactical
Which of the following is true of information systems? A. The design an implementation of a global database is very easy B. They weaken communication between organizations and the public C. They deflect differentiation and focus strategies D. The usage on a global scale is more challenging than doing so on a local scale
D. The usage on a global scale is more challenging than doing so on a local scale
An organization with a(n) _______ structure might have several regional divisions that share authority and responsibility, but in general it does not have its headquarters in any particular country. A. Multinational B. Global C. International D. Transnational
D. Transnational
Foreign exchange systems that allow traders and brokers from around the world to interact are an example of information systems that support a(n) _______ structure. A. Global B. Multinational C International D. Transnational
D. Transnational
Research and development is an example of a(n) ________ decision. A. Semistructured B. Restructured C. Structured D. Unstructured
D. Unstructured
_______ networks offer electronic data interchange standards, encryption, secure e-mail, data synchronization, and other services to conduct international business. A. Human-powered B. Crawler-based C. Brick and mortar D. Value-added
D. Value-added
The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is also known as the _______. A. Ad hoc cycle B. Self-sourcing model C. Agile cycle D. Waterfall model
D. Waterfall model
After a global network is in place, a company must ______.
Decide which types of information-sharing technologies it will be using
Control in a global information system (GIS) requires _______.
Defined behaviors for different processes
_____, which is a major factor in the widespread use of global information systems, includes transactions that support revenue generation as well as those that focus on buying and selling goods and services.
E-business
Explain an executive information system's importance in decision making
Executive information systems (EISs) are interactive information systems that give executives easy access to internal and external data and typically include "drill-down" features and a digital dashboard for examining and analyzing information. An EIS includes graphical representations of data that help managers make critical decisions.
Diverse regulatory practices ________ the integration process of a global information system (GIS).
Impede
A(n) ______ network for global control over an organization's resources is the foundation of any global information system (GIS).
Integrated
_____ are employees who will use an information system regularly and can offer important feedback on the system's strengths and weaknesses.
Internal users
In a(n) ______ structure, a company's subsidiaries operate autonomously but regularly report to the parent company.
Multinational
A ______ is a private organization with assets and operations in at least one country other than its home country.
Multinational Corporation
In the context of tackling obstacles that hinder the success of global information systems (GISs), which of the following statements is true?
Political differences can affect the cooperative environment needed for global integration.
Considering an entire organization's operational efficiency is critical in coordinating international business activities, so global companies need to change their _______ strategies in an effort to respond to the global market.
Production and marketing
One of the issues with a global information system (GIS) is that too much _______ can decrease an organization's flexibility in responding to local preferences and even time differences.
Standardization
In a typical organization, decisions usually fall into one of these categories:
Structured decisions Semistructured decisions Unstructured decisions
Before adding a global information system, Regal International, an electronics company must take into consideration the ______ infrastructures of the countries where its subsidiaries are located.
Telecommunication
Which of the following is used by companies to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain process?
The Internet and established Web protocols
The SDLC model might not be appropriate in the following situations:
There is a lack of specifications—that is, the problem under investigation is not well defined. The input-output process cannot be identified completely. The problem is "ad hoc," meaning it is a one-time problem that is not likely to reoccur. Users' needs keep changing, which means the system undergoes several changes. The SDLC model might work in the short term, but in the long term, it is not suitable in this situation.
An organization with a(n) _______ structure might have several regional divisions that share authority and responsibility, but in general it does not have its headquarters in any particular country.
Transnational
Foreign exchange systems that allow traders and brokers from around the world to interact are an example of information systems that support a(n) _______ structure.
Transnational
In an organization with a(n) ________ structure, the parent company and all the subsidiaries work together in designing policies, procedures, and logistics for delivering products and services to the right market.
Transnational
_____ is an example of an information-sharing technology.
Video conferencing
The intent for requirements fathering and analysis phase
What users do How they do it What problems they face in performing their jobs How the new system would address these problems What users expect from the system What decisions are made What data is needed to make decisions Where data comes from
To assess operational feasibility, the team should address the following questions:
Will the information system be used? Will there be resistance from users? Will top management support the information system? Will the proposed information system benefit the organization? Will the proposed information system affect customers (both internal and external) in a positive way?
Legal feasibility typically addresses questions such as the following:
Will the system violate any legal issues in the country where it will be used? Are there any political repercussions of using the system? Is there any conflict between the proposed system and legal requirements?
design phase
analysts choose the solution that is the most realistic and offers the highest payoff for the organization. The details of the proposed solution are outlined, and the output of this phase is a document with exact specifications for implementing the system, including files and databases, forms and reports, documentation, procedures, hardware and software, networking components, and general system specifications.
requirements-gathering and analysis phase
analysts define the problem and generate alternatives for solving it.
feasibility study:
analyzes a proposed solution's feasibility and determines how best to present the solution to management. It usually has five major dimensions: economic, technical, operational, scheduling, and legal.
Internal users:
are employees who will use the system regularly, and they can offer important feedback on the system's strengths and weaknesses.
External users:
are not employees but do use the system; they include customers, contractors, suppliers, and other business partners.
phased-in-phased-out conversion
as each module of the new system is converted, the corresponding part of the old system is retired. This process continues until the entire system is operational.
Economic feasibility
assesses a system's costs and benefits. Simply put, if implementing the system results in a net gain of $250,000 but the system costs $500,000, the system is not economically feasible
Group Support Systems (GSSs)
assist decision makers working in groups. These systems use computer and communication technologies to formulate, process, and implement a decision-making task and can be considered a kind of intervention technology that helps overcome the limitations of group interactions.
Lack of technical feasibility:
can stem from an organization lacking the expertise, time, or personnel to implement the new system.
Tactical support involves:
concentrates on medium-range activities that move the organization toward acheiving long-term goals
Rapid application development (RAD)
concentrates on user involvement and continuous interaction between users and designers. It combines the planning and analysis phases into one phase and develops a prototype of the system. It uses an iterative process (also called "incremental development") that repeats the design, development, and testing steps as needed, based on feedback from users.
Knowledge management draws on:
concepts of organizational learning, organizational culture, and best practices to convert tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge, create a knowledge-sharing culture in an organization, and eliminate obstacles to sharing knowledge.
The design phase consists of three parts:
conceptual design, logical design, and physical design.
Customer relationship management
consists of the processes a company uses to track and organize its contacts with customers. It improves services offered to customers and uses customer contact information for targeted marketing.
In the context of a global information system, a _____ provides stability in transmission protocols when there are inadequate telecommunication infrastructures.
dedicated leased line
A managerial designer
defines the management issues in designing and using a DSS. These issues do not involve the technological aspects of the system; they are related to management's goals and needs.
management of global tax risks:
designing tax risk management systems requires detailed knowledge of international finance, international monetary systems, and international tax law
To design a successful global information system (GIS), the management of a company must first:
determine the kind of information that global companies need to share.
In the planning phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), _____ assesses an information system's costs and benefits.
economic feasibility
Electronic data interchange
enables business partners to send and receive information on business transactions.
technical designer
focuses on how the DSS is implemented and usually addresses questions about data storage, file structure, user access, response time, and security measures.
Following four requirements classified as operational:
global data access, consolidated global reporting, communication between headquarters and subsidiaries, management of short-term foreign exchange risks
Semistructured decisions
include a structured aspect that benefits from information retrieval, analytical models, and information systems technology.
Political risk of operating an MNC
include the problems caused by an unstable government. can result in currency rates fluctuating and power changing hands rapidly.
Joint application design (JAD)
is a collective activity involving users, top management, and IT professionals. It centers on a structured workshop (called a JAD session) where users and system professionals come together to develop an application
Extreme programming (XP)
is a method for developing software applications and information system projects in which the project is divided into smaller functions and developers cannot go on to the next phase until the current phase is finished. Each function of the overall project is developed in a step-by-step fashion.
Service-oriented architecture (SOA)
is a philosophy and a software and system development methodology that focuses on the development, use, and reuse of small, self-contained blocks of codes (called services) to meet the software needs of an organization.
Knowledge management
is a technique used to improve (CRM) systems (and many other systems) by identifying, storing, and disseminating "know-how" facts about how to perform tasks.
E-market
is a third-party exchange (B2B model) that provides a platform for buyers and sellers to interact with each other and trade more efficiently online.
enterprise system
is an application used in all the functions of a business and that supports decision making throughout the organization.
Enterprise resource planning
is an integrated system that collects and processes data and manages and coordinates resources, information, and functions throughout an organization.
decision support system (DSS)
is an interactive information system consisting of hardware, software, data, and models (mathematical and statistical) designed to assist decision makers in an organization.
The conceptual design
is an overview of the system and does not include hardware or software choices.
Global data access
online access to information from locations around the word allows management to monitor global operations from the company headquarters
Outsourcing
organization hires an external vendor or consultant who specializes in providing development services
During the design phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), the _____ is created for a specific platform, such as choosing Dell servers running Ubuntu Linux and Java for the programming language.
physical design
During the _____ of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), analysts investigate a proposed solution's feasibility and determine how best to present the solution to management to obtain funding.
planning phase
Four phases of SDLC
planning, requirements gathering and analysis, design, implementation, maintenance
In _____ of the implementation phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), an old system is stopped and a new system is implemented.
plunge conversion
multinational structure
production, sales, and marketing are decentralized and financial management remains the parent company's responsibility
Arcaid Inc., an American electronics company, moves its manufacturing plants from America to Brazil owing to the less expensive raw materials and labor available in Brazil. In this scenario, Arcaid Inc. is said to have _____ its operations.
regionalized
In the _____ of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), a problem is defined and alternatives are generated for solving it.
requirements-gathering and analysis phase
An example of an externally identified problem would be:
suppliers noting inefficiency in the inventory control procedure.
global structure
uses highly centralized information systems. subsidaries have little autonomy and rely on headquarters for all process and control decisions as well as system design and implementation