BIO 101 Quiz 2 Chapter 5

Damaged DNA in a cell can prevent the cell from passing which of the checkpoints? - M - G1 - S - p53

G1

What is the correct order of the stages of Interphase? - G1, S, G2 - G2, G1, S - G2, S, G1 - S, G1, G2

G1, S, G2

This checkpoint determines if the DNA has been replicated properly prior to cell division. a. G1 b. S c. G2 d. M

c. G2

Cytokinesis in the animal cells involved the formation of a/an a. oncogene b. cell plate c. cleavage furrow d. sister chromatid

c. cleavage furrow

Following fertilization, the somatic cells of humans divide by a. apoptosis b. meiosis c. mitosis d. DNA replication

c. mitosis

Crossing-over occurs between a. sister chromatids of the same chromosome b. chromatids of non-homologous chromosomes c. non-sister chromatids of a homologous pair d. None of these are correct

c. non-sister chromatids of a homologous pair

The repeating sequence of events in eukaryotes that involves cell growth and cell division is called the ____ ____.

cell cycle

A cell organelle that occurs in the centrosome and helps organize a mitotic spindle for chromosome movement during animal cell division is called a(n) ____.

centrioles

Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed ____ which is a mixture of DNA and protein.

chromatin

During meiosis, ____ ____during prophase I results in new mixtures of genes, while ____ ____ during anaphase I results in new mixtures of chromosomes.

crossing over independent assortment

The stages of the cell cycle that includes growth, DNA doubling, and when the nucleus is not actively dividing, are collectively called - interphase. - cytogenesis. - prophase. - cytokinesis.

interphase

The process that occurs within the reproductive organs of the human body in order to produce gametes is called ____.

meiosis

Meiosis is a type of nuclear division that occurs as a part of ____ reproduction, and the resulting daughter cells have the ____ number of chromosomes, 23, in humans.

sexually, haploid

Body cells, which are cells that do not undergo meiosis to become sperm or oocytes, are also called ___ cells.

somatic

During ______ I, of meiosis the spindle disappears and interkinesis follows. - prophase - telophase - metaphase - anaphase

telophase

A single male sex cell undergoing meiosis will produce ___ sperm cells. (answer with a number)

4

A cell in prophase would have which of the following characteristics? - Condensed chromatin - Chromosomes aligned along the cell equator - Sister chromatids present - Chromosomes aggregated to one pole of the cell - Daughter nuclei forming

Condensed chromatin Sister chromatids present

During the S stage of interphase, the cell replicates its - proteins. - DNA. - carbohydrates. - phospholipids.

DNA

Chromatin is composed of - proteins only. - DNA and protein. - RNA only. - RNA and protein - DNA only. - DNA and RNA.

DNA and protein.

Which of the following is true about a homologous chromosome pair? - They are present only in animal cells. - One came from "mom" and one from "dad." - They separate during Anaphase II. - They are genetically identical to one another.

One came from "mom" and one from "dad."

Of the events given, which occur during telophase I (choose all that apply)? - Chromosomes assort independently. - Chromosomes line up along the center of the cell. - The nucleoli reappear. - The nuclear envelope reforms.

The nucleoli reappear. The nuclear envelope reforms.

Choose ALL possible outcomes in a cell that cannot pass the G1 checkpoint because its DNA is damaged. - The p53 protein will attempt to initiate DNA repair. - Apoptosis will occur if the DNA cannot be repaired. - The cell will go on to the G2 check point and then return to the G1 checkpoint once repairs have been made. - The cell may move into G0 if DNA repair is not possible.

The p53 protein will attempt to initiate DNA repair. Apoptosis will occur if the DNA cannot be repaired. The cell may move into G0 if DNA repair is not possible.

The cell cycle is - also called mitosis. - a set of orderly stages that occur between one cell division and the next. - a set of orderly stages that occur between cell division and programmed cell death.

a set of orderly stages that occur between one cell division and the next.

If a parent cell has 22 chromosomes, the daughter cells following meiosis II will have a. 22 chromosomes b. 44 chromosomes c. 11 chromosomes d. all of these are correct

c. 11 chromosomes

During which phase of meiosis are you most likely to observe independent assortment? - prophase I - anaphase I - prophase II - S phase - metaphase II

anaphase I

Cytokinesis begins during ____ of mitosis and is completed just before the cell(s) enter the next ____, preparing for a new division.

anaphase, interphase

Centrioles are a type of microtubule organizing center found only in - plant cells. - prokaryotic cells. - bacterial cells. - animal cells.

animal cells.

A cell rounds up and loses contact with its neighbors at the beginning of ______. - anaphase - interphase - prophase - apoptosis - mitosis - metaphase

apoptosis

During independent ____, homologous chromosomes segregate in a random manner.

assortment

If a parent cell has a diploid number of 24 chromosomes before mitosis, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells have? a. 12 b. 24 c. 30 d. 36 e. 64

b. 24

At which of the following checkpoints is the DNA checked for damage and, if damage is present, the cell is placed in G0 phase? a. M b. G1 c. G2 d. none of these are correct

b. G1

The pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs during which of the following? a. mitosis b. meiosis I c. meiosis II d. all of these are correct

b. meiosis I

Somatic cells are (choose all that apply) - the cells that take part in the production of a fetus. - body cells. - able to undergo mitosis. - cells that produce gametes.

body cells. able to undergo mitosis.

The three events that distinguish meiosis from mitosis are - separation of sister chromatids. - crossing over. - separation of homologous chromosomes. - homologous chromosomes synapse.

crossing over. separation of homologous chromosomes. homologous chromosomes synapse.

Apoptosis a. decreased the number of cells in the body b. is programmed cell death c. is controlled by enzymes in the cell d. all of these are correct

d. all of these are correct

Which of these helps provide genetic diversity? a. independent alignment during metaphase I b. crossing-over during prophase I c. random fusion of sperm and egg nuclei during fertilization d. all of these are correct

d. all of these are correct

Sister chromatids separate during anaphase of which of the following? a. mitosis b. meiosis I c. meiosis II d. both a and c are correct

d. both a and c are correct

Polar bodies are produced during a. DNA replication b. mitosis c. spermatogenesis d. oogenesis e. none of these are correct

d. oogenesis

Which of the following acts as the brakes of the cell cycle and prevent cells from dividing too quickly? a. oncogenes b. proto-oncogenes c. cyclins d. tumor suppressor genes

d. tumor suppressor genes

In humans, mitosis produces cells that are - diploid. - haploid.

diploid

Which of the following terms is described incorrectly? a. prometaphase- the kinetochores become attached to spindle fibers b. anaphase- daughter chromosomes migrate toward spindle poles c. prophase- the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope disintegrates d. metaphase- the chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate e. telophase- a resting phase between cell division cycles

e. telophase- a resting phase between cell division cycles

Signals that tell a cell to divide are more likely to be ______ signals. - external - internal

external

In human males, spermatogenesis produces - diploid eggs. - haploid sperm. - haploid eggs. - spores.

haploid sperm.

In human males, spermatogenesis produces - haploid eggs. - diploid eggs. - haploid sperm. - spores.

haploid sperm.

A pair of chromosomes that are alike and come together in synapsis during prophase of the first meiotic division are - haploid. - homozygous. - homologous.

homologous

Meiosis produces genetic variation among gametes by way of which of the following events? (choose all that apply) - crossing over - independent assortment - fertilization

independent assortment crossing over

Signals that ensure that stages of the cell cycle follow one another in the normal sequence are more likely to be ______ signals. - external - internal

internal

The type of nuclear division that occurs as part of sexual reproduction, in which the daughter cells receive the haploid number of chromosomes in varied combinations is - binary fission. - meiosis. - mitosis.

meiosis

Crossing over is an event that distinguishes - telophase from cytokinesis. - interphase from the mitotic phase. - meiosis from mitosis. - meiosis from interkinesis.

meiosis from mitosis.

During ____ I of meiosis homologous pairs of chromosomes align independently at the equator.

metaphase

Fully formed spindles align homologous pairs of chromosomes on the metaphase plate during - prophase I. - metaphase II. - prophase II. - metaphase I.

metaphase I.

Within most tissues of the human body, a process called ____ occurs to produce new cells,

mitosis

The ___ gene is an important control mechanism behind preventing cancer formation.

p53

Which gene acts as a tumor suppressor gene that will help prevent cancer formation? - H1N1 - P15 - p53 - B52

p53

The first phase of meiosis is ___ I.

prophase

Though it is a continuous process, list the five stages of mitosis in the sequence they are described in for convenience, starting with prophase. prometaphase prophase metaphase anaphase telophase

prophase premetaphase metaphase anaphase telophase

The spindle forms, chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope fragments, the nucleolus disappears, homologous chromosomes pair off, and crossing-over occurs during _____ _____ of meiosis I.

prophase I

The first stage of mitosis is ___ and the last stage of mitosis is ___.

prophase, telophase

Proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes control - whether or not a cancer metastasizes. - the movement of a cell through the cell cycle. - the ability of a cell to produce functioning proteins.

the movement of a cell through the cell cycle.

Interphase is - a term to describe cells that can no longer divide. - the portion of the cell cycle when the cell is getting ready to divide. - the portion of the cell cycle when the cell is actively dividing.

the portion of the cell cycle when the cell is getting ready to divide.

Mitosis produces daughter cells that have - half of the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. - the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. - twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

True or false: Cytokinesis begins in anaphase and continues in telophase, reaching completion just before the next interphase of the cell cycle. - True - False

true

The balance between what two types of genes determines if cell division does or does not occur. - tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes - oncogenes and proto-oncogenes - tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes - proto-oncogenes and carcinogenes

tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes

At the conclusion of apoptosis, a cell fragments and its bits are engulfed by ____ ___ cells.

white blood

A single cell called as ___ is formed by the fusion of gametes.

zygote

The result of fertilization is called a(n) egg. zygote. sperm. spore.

zygote