BIO 103 Exam #2

Which of the following statements describes metabolism?

all of the chemical reactions inside of a cell.

The enzyme in the image below demonstrates an _______ reaction where substrates are bonded together.

anabolic

The enzyme in the image demonstrates a ___________ reaction where substances are broken apart.

catabolic

Penicillin is an antibiotic produced by a species in the _________ kingdom of the domain Eukarya.

fungi

The cell with a net loss of water causing it to shrivel is in a ___________ solution.

hypertonic

The cell with a net gain of water causing it to swell is in a _____________ type of solution.

hypotonic

The cell without a net gain of water causing it to remain stable is in an ______________ type of solution.

isotonic

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (function)

plasma membrane bound sac detoxifying the cell and synthesizing (creating) lipids.

Golgi apparatus (function)

plasma membrane bound sac for protein synthesis (folding).

Vacuole (function)

plasma membrane bound sac for storing substances like water or lipids.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (function)

plasma membrane bound sac performing protein synthesis (folding) and has ribosomes attached.

Nucleus

plasma membrane bound sac with DNA inside.

Lysosome (function)

plasma membrane bound sac with enzymes for digesting old organelles or engulfed substances.

Enzymes are which type of biological macro-molecule?

protein

Microtubules (function)

protein rods which give the cell a shape, support, and act as a highway for motor proteins.

Motor Protein (function)

proteins used for moving organelles around the cell.

Why is ATP the most common energy molecule used by cells?

1) Parts are all common 2) Easy to break, to release energy 3) Easy to make (add last phosphate group)

What are the parts of ATP?

1) Sugar 2) Nitrogenous 3) Three phosphate functional groups.

Which of the following is an accurate description of an antibiotic?

Antibiotics are chemicals affecting bacteria by weakening the cell wall. When the cell wall is weak, the osmotic pressure causes the cell to burst. The cell was in a hypotonic solution.

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy (mostly heat).

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy cannot be entered created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.

Describe the process demonstrated by this graph and the role of an enzyme in the process

Enzymes speed the rate if reactions because they lower the amount of energy required for the reactants to react. The energy of the product is less than the energy of the reactant, speed up when an enzyme is present.

An enzyme is consumed during the anabolic or catabolic reactions and cannot be used again.

False

Which of the following demonstrates potential energy?

Glucose

Which of the following describes why a phospholipid, the primary molecule making up cell membranes, is both stable and fluid?

The molecule has one saturated fatty acid chain, making the molecule stable, and one unsaturated fatty acid chain, making the molecule fluid.

List two similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

They both have a cell membrane, which is a plasma membrane boundary defining cell and allowing cell to control its interaction with the environment, and ribosomes, which is organelles reading mRNA to make proteins.

NADPH, FADH2, NADH and GTP are energy molecules used by the cell and demonstrate potential energy.

True

When a phosphate group is broken off of ATP, energy is released.

True

Mitochondria

a double membrane bound sac performing cellular respiration (breaking glucose to make energy).

Chloroplast (function)

a sac with three membranes performing photosynthesis (using sunlight to make glucose) and found only in plants.