BIO 109 - Chapter 13
induces egg development and induces sperm development
FSH
stimulates the thyroid gland to synthesize and release thyroid hormones
TSH
inability of the pancreas to produce insulin
Type 1 diabetes
caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone during childhood
gigantism
___ causes glycogen to break down to form glucose
glucagon
hormones produced by the cortex of the adrenal gland and sex hormones
steroid hormones
stimulates the adrenal cortex to release another group of hormones
ACTH
___ regulates water balance
ADH
hormones that stimulate the reproductive organs
FSH and LH
___ stimulate Insulin-like Growth Hormones (IGFs)
GH (growth hormones)
promotes ovulation and stimulates the secretion of the ovarian hormone progesterone after ovulation
LH
excessive production of a growth hormone in adults over long periods - gradual thickening of the bones in the hands, face, and feet
acromegaly
secretes hormones that contributes to the fight or flight response initiated by the nervous system
adrenal medulla
hormone primarily responsible for regulating the amounts of sodium and potassium in the body
aldosterone
assists in maintaining blood glucose levels by promoting the utilization of fats and by breaking down proteins to amino acids in muscle
cortisol
main secretory products of the adrenal cortex are ____ and _____
cortisol; aldosterone
____ are ductless organs that secrete their products directly into the interstitial fluid, lymph, and blood
endocrine glands
ovaries function as endocrine organs by producing ____ and _____
estrogen; progesterone
secrete products such as mucus, sweat, tears, and digestive fluids into ducts that empty into the appropriate sites
exocrine glands
raises blood sugar
glucagon
steroid hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels
glucocorticoids
enlarged thyroid as a result of iodine deficiency or other factors
goiter
hormone most obvious in bone and muscle
growth hormone (GH)
chemical messenger molecules
hormones
too much hormone
hypersection
too little hormone
hyposecretion
ADH is synthesized in the ___
hypothalamus
small region in the brain that serves as a homeostatic control center
hypothalamus
lowers blood sugar
insulin
uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by
insulin
steroid hormone that helps regulate the minerals sodium and potassium
mineralocorticoids
____ controls the levels of circulating thyroid hormones
negative feedback
cells in the hypothalamus that function as both nerve and endocrine cells
neuroendocrine cells
nervous system stimulus is responsible for secretion of a hormone
neuroendocrine reflex
structurally related to proteins; lipid insoluable
nonsteroid hormones
_____ hormones are faster than ______ hormones
nonsteroid; steroid
___ causes uterine contractions and milk ejections
oxytocin
what hormone is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex?
oxytocin
result of too little growth hormone during childhood
pituitary dwarfism
"master gland"; secretes 8 hormones that regulate many endocrine glands
pituitary gland
primary function is to stimulate the development of mammary gland cells and the production of milk
prolactin
structurally related to cholesterol (a lipid); are lipid soluable
steroid hormones
__ and __ are the main stimuli for cortisol
stress; ACTH
____ have specific receptors for certain hormones
target cells
when oxytocin is released during childbirth, the hormone targets cells in the ____
uterus
