BIO 109 - MIDTERM #1 (chapters 10 and 11)

you notice that some squirrels in your neighborhood have a much darker coat color than most of the other squirrels. Is this darker color adaptation? a. you can't know unless you can know the coat color of the dark squirrel's parents b. the trait is only an adaptation if it gives the squirrels an advantage in their habitat c. no, adaptions are traits developed when they're needed to help an organism survive d. yes, all variates are adaptations

b. the trait is only an adaptation if it gives the squirrels an advantage in their habitat

Why is it inaccurate to say that humans are the most highly evolved species? a. all species, not just people are equally "evolved" to fit their particular environment b. evolution is not a goal oriented. It only acts in response to the present situation c. both of these are true d. neither of these are true. humans, the smartest of all species, are the most highly evolved.

c. both of these are true

What type of selection would include the evolution of a long neck in giraffes? a. diversifying selection b. stabilizing selection c. directional selection d. disruptive selection

c. directional selection

What does "fitness" mean when speaking in terms of evolution? a. level of overall health of the individual b. the size and diversity of the gene pool c. how many offspring on individual produces d. level of overall health of the population

c. how many offspring on individual produces

which example describes biological evolution? a. the average woman's dress size has increased over the last 50 years b. you are vaccinated against polio and are protected against the disease c. over time, a caterpillar species becomes as green as the leaves it eats. d. a tree branch is broken off and another grows in its place.

c. over time, a caterpillar species becomes as green as the leaves it eats.

which example is an evolutionary adaptation? a. clipped ears on a dog to prevent the dog from developing ear infections b. a grizzly bear learning to open a dumpster c. webbed feet on a duck d. immunity to a virus caused by vaccination.

c. webbed feet on a duck

what is an allele? a. a trait that has been influenced by artificial selection b. a particular version of a gene c. a gene that has been changed by natural selection d. a gene that hasn't changed over time

b. a particular version of a gene

A trait that confers ________ in one environment might make an organism less able to survive and reproduce in another environment. a. adaptation b. fitness c. alleles d. selection

b. fitness

a zombie apocalypse wipes out the entire human species ... A straggler with green eyes stumbles into the last remaining human outpost. The green eye trait did not exist in the outpost before her arrival, but it does now. What is the name of this mechanism of evolution? a. founder effect b. gene flow c. bottleneck effect d. genetic drift

b. gene flow

Which two observations led Darwin to conclude that there is competition for survival? a. fossils and mutations b. overproduction and limited resources c. variability and heritability d. natural selection and descent with modification

b. overproduction and limited resources

Which variation could be subject to natural selection? a. a hyena is born with a spotted fur pattern that allows it to hide in the grass better than its litter mates b. a pigeon learns that when its keeper comes near it will get fed c. a dog with short legs due to malnutrition is able to crawl into holes better than his litter mates d. a tree is not infested by a ground-dwelling beetle when the homeowner cuts the lower branches

a. a hyena is born with a spotted fur pattern that allows it to hide in the grass better than its litter mates

In what way is artificial selection different from natural selection? a. in artificial selection, human preference is the selecting force; in natural selection, environmental conditions are the selecting force b. artificial selection applies to changes in domestic animals only, while natural selection applies to all other species c. there's no difference; both have caused evolution throughout the history of life on Earth d. artificial selection causes one species to change to another, while natural selection only modifies existing species

a. in artificial selection, human preference is the selecting force; in natural selection, environmental conditions are the selecting force

After a rapid change in climate, one population of bird quickly adapts to the change, but others in the area do not. What could you conclude about the quickly adapting population? a. they already had some alleles in their genome that were adaptive in the new environment b. they had a greater need to evolve than the other population c. they had a higher rate of mutation than the other population d. they reproduced more slowly than the non-adapting population

a. they already had some alleles in their genome that were adaptive in the new environment

As natural selection acts on a trait in a population, how will the amount of variation associated with that trait in the population change? a. variation will decrease b. variation will increase c. variation will disappear d.variation will remain the same

a. variation will decrease

Why or why is it not accurate to say that individuals evolve? a. it is accurate because they are the smallest unit of the hierarchal order that changes over time b. it is not accurate because the evolution of one individual would not affect the entire species c. it is accurate because they are the ones that mechanisms of evolution act upon d. it is not accurate because individuals do not change over time in a way that can be passed on to the next generation.

d. it is not accurate because individuals do not change over time in a way that can be passed on to the next generation.

what molecule does a sequence of dna typically code for? a. lipid b. monosaccharide c. nucleotide d. protein

d. protein