BIO 110 Tutorial 9

Amoebozoa

Kingdom which includes the familiar protist Amoeba, move by means of internal cytoplasmic flow—their pseudopodia are characteristically blunt and finger-like, called lobopodia

Cellular slime mold

acrasiomycetes spend most of their lives as amoeba-like single cells, but when resources are scarce they converge, joining with other cells to form units that have coordinated functions. The cells within acrasiomycetes retain their cell membranes and their ability to live independently

Thallus

body of seaweed—stipe: stem, holdfast: secures the seaweed to a substrate, blades: leaf-like projections which proved extensive surface area for photosynthesis

Phaeophyte

brown algae, include the largest of the protists, comprise "kelp forests," rich in minerals, contains specific accessory pigments that give them their characteristic colors—photoautotrophic

Pseudopodium

cytoplasmic "feet"

Stramenopile

diverse, monophyletic kingdom that includes: planktonic diatoms, small single-celled or colonial freshwater protists (golden algae), large multicellular marine seaweeds (brown algae), and water molds. All share a common ancestral trait: the presence of hair-like projections on their flagella "stramen" means flagellum in Latin and "pilos" means hair

Kelp

giant seaweeds that grow in the deeper waters outside of the intertidal zone—forms vast forests that support thriving marine ecosystems, also called phaeophytes

chlorophyte

green algae, more closely related to plants than other photosynthetic protists. Chlorophyll a and b, store fixed carbon as starch and have cell walls composed of cellulose

Seaweed

large intertidal algae, complex structures that are reminiscent of plants. The thallus refers to the entire body

Blade

leaf-like projections, which provide extensive surface area for photosynthesis for the thallus, much as leaves do for plants

Diatom

major group of algae, and are among the most common types of phytoplankton, most are unicellular, but can exist in the shape of filaments or ribbons, fans, zigzags, or stars and are encased in a glass-like silica shell, lined with perforations to allow gas exchange at the cell surface

Hyphae

many of the multicellular oomycetes form these, which have similarities to fungal hyphae although the structures are not identical, the oomycetes' are composed of diploid cells

Oomycete

means "egg fungi" which is a reference to the reproductive structures of these sexual reproducers. Cell walls composed of cellulose, diploid cells

Plamodial slime mode

myxomycetes are often brilliantly colors in shades of yellow, orange, or pink and can be very large but are unicellular; they are large bags of cytoplasm, but within each "cell" are many nuclei

Phycobilin

phyko is Greek for red and bilis is Latin for bile, meaning light-capturing bilanes found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of red algae, glaucophytes, and some cryptomonads (but not in green algae and plants)

Chrysophyte

planktonic, mainly freshwater organisms that possess a rich golden color due to the presence of carotenoids and xanthophylls

Phycoerythin

red protein-pigment complex from the light-harvesting family, present in red algae, accessory to the main chlorophyll pigments responsible for photosynthesis or pigments which produce rich shades of pink, scarlet, and red that are so deep that they approach black; allow rhodophytes to photosynthesize at water depths that only high-energy blue and green light can penetrate

Bacillariophyte

scientific name for diatoms

Holdfast

secure the seaweed to a substrate in the thallus

Silica

shell of diatom

Lichen

some terrestrial chlorophytes live in a symbiotic association with fungi—a composite organism that emerges from an algae or cyanobacteria (or both) living among filaments of a fungus in a mutually beneficial (symbiotic) relationship. The whole combined life form has properties that are very different than properties of its component parts

Stipe

stem of plants

Convergent evolution

the resemblance between fungi and oomycetes, the process by which unrelated organisms that occupy similar environments evolve similar functional traits

Rhodophyte

usually marine algae (can be freshwater or terrestrial), characterized by accessory pigments in their chloroplasts, which endow them with unique colors—also called red algae