BIO 111 - Smartbook Ch 16
The peacock's tail is bright and showy and makes the male prone to predation. Why has natural selection not eliminated this trait from the population?
Because female peacocks choose to mate with males that have these ornate tails
Calculate the homozygous recessive genotype frequency if the recessive allele frequency is 0.4
0.16
Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what will the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype be in the next generation if the frequency of the dominant allele in the current generation is 0.60?
0.36
It is estimated that a mutation occurs once in every _____ cell divisions
100,000
What can genetic drift eventually lead to?
Evolutionary change
True or false: Most adaptations resulting from natural selection are perfectly suited to the environment
False
What does p represent in the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
Frequency of the dominant allele
Which genotype is most prevalent in regions of Africa that have high rates of malaria?
Hb^a HB^s
Which allele combination represents the heterozygote advantage?
Hh
Which allele combination will help maintain genetic diversity within the population?
Hh
The bottleneck effect is the loss of genetic diversity that can be caused by
a natural disaster
Natural selection favors the phenotype that is most
adaptive
A gene pool includes all of the ___ of all of the genes of a species
alleles
Gene flow causes microevolution by introducing new or rare _____ into a population
alleles
A type of mating that occurs when individuals choose a mate with a preferred trait is called ______ mating
assortative
Gonorrhea is becoming more difficult to treat because antibiotic resistance is developing in the ______ that causes gonorrhea
bacterium
Sexual selection in males usually results in an increased ability to ___ for mates, whereas sexual selection in females usually involves ___ a mate with the best fitness
compete; selecting
In some populations, high-ranking individuals have greater access to resources which cause males or females to establish ___ hierarchies
dominance
The ability of an organism to produce surviving offspring, compared to the other members of a population is called
fitness
The ability to produce surviving offspring is called
fitness
A type of genetic drift, in which a small population isolates itself from the main population, causing the gene frequencies to differ is known as the ___ effect
founder
A type of genetic drift in which a small number of individuals form a new population away from the original one is called the
founder effect
Which of the following are types of genetic drift?
founder effect bottleneck effect
The percentage of each allele in a population's gene pool is referred to as an allele
frequency
Mutations serve as a source of new genetic variation and are caused by changes to an organisms ___ sequence
gene
Population genetics studies the diversity of a population at the level of the
gene
A Canada goose leaving it's population in order to mate with a goose from another population is an example of
gene flow
All of the alleles of all of the genes in a population is known as the
gene pool
Gene flow is the movement of ___ between populations
genes
The bottleneck effect is a type of
genetic drift
If a scientist studies the diversity of genes in a population they are studying population
genetics
The hypothesis regarding sexual selection that states that females choose mates on the basis of traits that increase a male's chance of survival is called the _____ hypothesis
good genes
Sickle-cell disease is caused by an abnormal form of ____ in red blood cells
hemoglobin
The maintenance of genetic diversity of future generations is often maintained through the ___ advantage
heterozygote
Individuals who have a genetic advantage that prevents them from dying from sickle-cell disease and malaria are said to have a _______ advantage
heterozygous
The heterozygote advantage means that the heterozygote for a trait has an advantage over the two
homozygotes
directional selection
increases the frequency of an extreme form of a trait
stabilizing selection
increases the frequency of an intermediate form of a trait
Which of the following are conditions that a population must meet in order to maintain Hardy-Weinberg principle?
no selection no genetic drift no mutation no new members can join the population and no existing members can leave
Assortative mating is a type of ______ mating in which an individual is chosen because of a preferred trait
nonrandom
Which equation describes the genotype frequencies of a non-evolving population?
p^2 + 2pq + q^2
A trait that is controlled by many genes is said to be a ___ trait
polygenic
A group of organisms of a single species living in the same geographic area is called a
population
The STD gonorrhea is becoming more difficult to treat due to the development of antibiotic
resistance
The hypothesis regarding sexual selection that states that females choose mates on the basis of appearance is called the _____ hypothesis
runaway
Male deer growing extremely large antlers that require excessive amounts of energy is due to _______ selection
sexual
In some animals the males and females differ in size and other characteristics. This is referred to a
sexual dimorphism
The heterozygote advantage regarding sickle-cell disease is an example of _________ selection
stabilizing
The intermediate phenotype has the largest number of individuals present in _________ selection
stabilizing
The defensive behavior necessary to defend a territory is called
territoriality
The area that is defended against competitors is called a
territory
Chemical or physical agents that cause mutation are called
mutagens
The raw material for evolutionary change, which introduces new variations among members of a population is caused by
mutation
disruptive selection
maintains high levels of two different forms of a trait
Regions of Africa, in which populations have high frequencies of the sickle cell allele, will have high rates of _______ in their environments
malaria
The alleles in nonrandom mating assort according to
mating behavior
