bio 12, 13,14

Protein(s) that play a role in initiating transcription in eukaryotes include

!!!NOT!!! transposase (choose everything else)

What molecule indirectly provides the energy for translation?

ATP

Fire and Mello studied the effects of RNAs made from plasmids on..... ..What can be concluded from these results? (the green circles pic)

Double-stranded RNA degrades more mex-3 mRNA than antisense RNA (Double-stranded..)

___is to transcription as ___ are to translation

RNA polymerase ribosomes

What happens when the cAMP-CAP complex binds the CAP site near the lac promoter?

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and transcription rate increases.

Which sequences of events CORRECTLY describes the initiation and elongation steps of translation in prokaryotic cells?

2,1,3,4,5

Identify the anticodon sequences for an mRNA sequence that is 5'-AUG.....

3'UAC....

In targeting a protein to the ER lumen, the SRP RNA functions

?

Which mechanism is NOT used by ncRNAs to bind to other molecules?

A stem loop structure in the ncRNA binds to a specific DNA sequence. (a stem loop...DNA sequence)

What basic features of transcription is NOT shared by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

The complexity of protein components involved in transcription is similar for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (the complexity of protein...is similar for both...)

Jacob, Monod, and Pardee constructed a mutant strain of E.coli that carried a lacl- gene mutation (encodes the lac repressor). Which is TRUW of this mutant strain?

The lac operon is constitutively expressed.

What is the function of the poly A tail?

The poly A tail increases mRNA stability in eukaryotes. (stability in euk's)

The lacA gene found within the lac operon encodes for galactosidase transacetylase. This enzyme attaches a(n) ______ group to lactose and lactose analogs.

acetyl

What type of regulatory transcription factor binds DNA and increases the transcription of a gene?

an activator exerting positive control (activator... positive)

An ncRNA consists only of several step loop structures. What is a likely function of this ncRNA?

binding to components of the ribosome and facilitating its assembly (binding to components)

The lac operator site within the lac operon is an example of a

cis-acting element. (cis)

The most common eukaryotic ribosome carries out its function in the

cytosol

Wild type bread mold can grow.....

enzyme 1

The mediator protein complex in eukaryotes

facilitates reactions between RNA polymerase II and regulatory transcription factors (facilitates...)

As a part of the transcriptional unit, regulatory sequences are the sites where RNA polymerase and transcription factors bind to regulate transcription (As part of the transcriptional unit,...)

false

Eukaryotic genes are almost always organized in groups, similar to operons in prokaryotes

false

Translation is a relatively slow process.

false

Unmethylated CpG islands are correlated with inactive genes.

false

The processes of transcription and translation are collectively known as

gene expression

how does HOTAIR exert its function?

guide scaffold

When cytosolic levels of iron increase, intracellular ferritin levels will

increase

What is the first step in the production of a siRNA?

infection with a virus

Intervening sequences that are transcribed, but not translated into protein are called

introns

If a cell's splicesomes were mutated so they no longer functioned normally, what consequences would result?

introns would remain in the mature mRNA (introns)

Certain drugs use RNA interference as a mechanism of action. What molecule would the active compounds of these drugs be composed of? (certain drugs)

nucleic acid

The transcription process in a eukaryotic gene directly produces...

pre-mRNA

What is required for ncRNA's to form stem-loop structures?

regions of complementary base-sequence (regions)

What factors are utilized by the cell in order to recognize the stop codon and disassemble the translation machinery?

release factors

An activator is to an enhancer as a(n) ____ is to a silencer.

repressor

The RNA sequences of some introns found in bacteria, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and some nuclear genes fold into 3-d structures that catalyze the removal of the introns. Therefore, the intron functions as a

ribozyme

MicroRNA's (miRNA's)

silence the expression of specific mRNA's (silence..)

Which of the following serves as the "translator" or intermediary between an mRNA codon and an amino acid?

tRNA

Which is an ncRNA that functions as a guide?

telomerase RNA component (TERC)

A scientist is studying the HOTAIR ncRNA in human cells growing in culture.... ...How will this mutation affect the function of HOTAIR? (the green and red picture with 2 regions)

the mutant HOTAIR will bind to different target genes than the normal HOTAIR, and it will inhibit their expression (the mutant HOTAIR will bind to diff... it WILL inhibit)

The miR-200 class of miRNA's have what effect on human health? (miR-200)

they reduce tumor growth

In E.coli cells, when lactose is absent from the environment,

trace amounts of b-galactosidase, lactose permeate, and galactosidetransacetylase are made. (trace...)

What protein influences the ability of RNA polymerase to transcribe genes?

transcription factors

What is the first step in the production of a miRNA?

transcription from a nuclear gene

The termination of translation occurs when a release factor recognizes the stop codon

true

When lactose becomes available the genes encoding b-galactosidase and lactose permease are unregulated in E.coli

true

The molecule that functions as a corepressor for the trp operon is

tryptophan (try)

What process in plants does an ncRNA called COOLAIR regulate?

Flowering only after being exposed to cold temperatures (flowering)

What is the function of the HOTAIR ncRNA

HOTAIR acts first as a scaffold, then as a guide

The RNA component of the telomerase (TERC), has which function(s)?

-template -guide

How does RISC recognize mRNA's for silencing?

Complementary base pairing allows the miRNA or siRNA and the mRNA to interact. (Complementary...)

A bacteria contains two copies of the lac operon; one on the bacterial chromosome and one on a plasmid. The lacO site on the chromosomal lac operon is mutated and nonfunctional, whereas the lacO site on the plasmid is functional. What is the most likely outcome for the bacterial cell when glucose is declining and lactose is present?

Expression of lac structural genes on the chromosome and plasmid will increase BUT the lacO site does not affect the CAP protein that activates the operon. (increase....operon.)

The protein component of telomerase has what enzymatic function?

It makes an DNA polymer using RNA as a template

Which amino acid would Nirenberg and Leder have found when they used the triplet UAG?

None of the answers are correct

Craig Mellow investigated RNA interference by injecting antisense and double-stranded RNA's into C.elegans. If the antisense and double-stranded RNAs were very similar, but not identical, to C.elegans max-3, what would be the results of their experiment?

The C. Elegans mex-3 RNA would be inhibited...

What is the major difference in the termination stage of translation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

There are two termination factors in prokaryotes (RF1 and RF2) and only one factor in eukaryotes (eRF). ( two termination factors in pro's... only one factors in euk's...)