Bio 1308 Ch. 14, 15
A linear sequence of nucleotides or region of DNA which codes for a single polypeptide chain of a Protein is known as a ____________.
Gene
When one DNA molecule is copied to make two DNA molecules, the new DNA contains
50% of parent DNA
The first stage of Translation is known as __________.
Initiation
The Non-coding regions of mRNA are called ________.
Introns
During Translation, ___________ is the step in which the formation of the Protein chain ends.
Termination
Experiments have demonstrated that the "words" of the genetic code (the units that specify amino acids) are
three-nucleotide sequences.
Which one of the following IS NOT a type of RNA?
uRNA
The process of converting DNA to RNA is called ________.
Transcription
The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called
Transcription
Which type of RNA is the "translator" which has a Codon on one end and an Anticodon on the other end and shuttles Amino Acids over to a Ribosome for insertion into a Protein chain?
tRNA
tRNA has one end of the molecule encoded in nucleotide language which matches to the RNA Codon and this end is called its ____________.
Anticodon
In a "Silent" Mutation, the ________.
Codon that mutates does not cause a change in the amino acid specified.
The enzyme that joins Okazaki Fragments is called ________.
DNA Ligase
An analogy of the shape of DNA compares the paired Nitrogen bases to the "rails of a ladder" and the paired sugar-phosphate molecules to the "rungs of a ladder". True False
False An analogy of the shape of DNA compares the paired Nitrogen bases to the "rungs of a ladder" and the paired sugar-phosphate molecules to the "rails of a ladder".
The flow of information in genetics is ___________.
DNA>RNA>Protien
Which one of the following statements about Eukaryotic RNA is true?
Exons are spliced together.
Chloroplasts do not have their own set of DNA. True False
False
There are only two main types of RNA needed to make proteins. They are tRNA and rRNA. True False
False
In Nitrogen base pairing in DNA, Adenine always pairs with Cytosine and Guanine always pairs with Thymine. True False
False Adenine always pairs with Thymine and Cytosine always pairs with Guanine.
Which mutation in DNA would lead to the change of a single amino acid in a protein?
Missense mutation
A change in a cell's DNA sequence is called (a) _________.
Mutation
Which one or more of the following outside factors may cause Mutations?
Nitrites Gamma Rays X-Rays Hydrogen Peroxide Ultraviolet Rays Nirates
Transcription begins with a nucleotide sequence called a(n) ______________.
Promoter
Which one of the following happens first in DNA Replication?
The strands unwind.
A Cap and a Tail are added to mRNA in order to prevent damage from other cellular enzymes, to expedite the transport of the mRNA and to help the mRNA bind to the Ribosome.
True
DNA Polymerase adds nucleotides to a new DNA strand while RNA Polymerase adds nucleotides to a new RNA strand. True False
True
Each newly replicated molecule of DNA contains one conserved strand from the original DNA molecule. True False
True
Exons contain the actual genetic message in RNA which is sent out to the Ribosome for reading. True False
True
RNA splicing removes Introns and joins Exons to produce a continuous coding sequence. True False
True
The Genetic Code is redundant, unambiguous, nearly universal, and without punctuation. True False
True
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA. True False
True
Which One (1) of the following Nitrogenous bases is found in RNA, and not found in DNA?
Uracil
The scientist (scientists) who was (were) given credit for first determining the molecule structure of DNA by building a ball-and-stick model is (are) __________.
Watson and Crick
Each newly replicated molecule of DNA contains one conserved strand from the original DNA molecule.
a Mutation
The shape of a DNA molecule is most like
a twisted rope ladder
Which type of RNA is the genetic "message" or a copy of the DNA strand that is sent out to the Cell Cytoplasm and encodes the sequence of Amino Acids which forms the Protein chain?
mRNA
A Ribosome is comprised of ___________.
rRNA