Bio 141 Final Review

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced? A. Electron transport chain B. Fermentation C. Glycolysis D. Citric acid cycle

A. Electron transport chain

If you observe the activity at the cell membrane as the action potential passes, first you will see _____ the cell, the you will see _____ the cell. A. NA+ enter; K+ leave B. NA+ leave; K+ enter C. NA+ leave; NA+ enter D. K+ enter; NA+ leave

A. NA+ enter; K+ leave

Identify which blood vessel drains blood from the head and shoulder region back to the heart? A. Superior vena cava B. Inferior aorta C. Superior aorta D. Inferior vena cava

A. Superior vena cava

What is the smallest unit that can evolve? A. The population B. The cell C. The individual D. The community

A. The population

Memory cells are _____ that function in _____. A. B cells; remembering where to direct macrophages to fight a local infection B. B cells; retaining the ability to make an antibody used to fight a previous infection C. T cells; determining which B cells will get activated during a second exposure to an antigen D. T cells; remembering self-antigen, thus protecting the body's cells

B. B cells; retaining the ability to make an antibody used to fight a previous infection

A test cross is performed to determine if a specific individual is a carrier. The results generate a 50/50 phenotypic ratio. The test subject was therefore _____. A. Homozygous dominant B. Heterozygous C. Homozygous recessive D. Heterozygous dominant

B. Heterozygous

The four stages of food processing in sequential order are: A. Ingestion, absorption, digestion, and elimination B. Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination C. Digestion, absorption, ingestion, and elimination D. digestion, ingestion, absorption, and elimination

B. Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination

Which accessor organ's secretions neutralize stomach acid before it reaches the intestines? A. Gallbladder B. Pancreas C. Salivary Glands D. Liver

B. Pancreas

How is adaptive defense initially primed? A. Antibodies bind to surface markers of a foreign cell B. Upon exposure to a foreign antigen C. By way of the clonal selection of effector cells D. Compliment proteins identify a cell as foreign

B. Upon exposure to a foreign antigen

Which process specifically refers to a cell physically dividing into two cells? A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Cytokinesis D. Interphase

C. Cytokinesis

If an axon is wrapped with glial cells, nerve impulses are propagated down this axon A. More slowly than they would be on or via an unwrapped axon, allowing for greater control over transmission B. In two directions from the middle of an axon C. From one interruption in the myelin sheath to the next D. As the action potential travels steadily down the membrane of the axon

C. From one interruption in the myelin sheath to the next

Which of the following is not an advantage of the specific immune response over the nonspecific immune response? A. It forms the basis of immunization against infections an organism has yet to experience B. It recognizes specific disease agents C. It responds more rapidly to an initial infection D. It retains memory of previous infections

C. It responds more rapidly to an initial infection

Which of the following is a waste product of photosynthesis? A. H2O B. CO2 C. O2 D. All of these

C. O2

How is transcription initiated? A. Two ribosomal subunits bind to the mRNA transcript B. DNA ligase binds to the AUG start sequence C. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter sequence D. DNA helicase binds to the origins of replication

C. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter sequence

What is different from one DNA nucleotide to the next? A. The phosphate group B. The protein C. The base D. The sugar molecule

C. The base

The sodium-potassium pump forces potassium ions _____ the cell and sodium ions _____ the cell. A. out of; out of B. out of; into C. into; out of D. into; into

C. into; out of

The passive transport of water is specifically called _____. A. hydrosmosis B. simple diffusion C. osmosis D. facilitated diffusion

C. osmosis

What is a photosystem? A. A leaf or any green part of the plant B. Double membrane organelle containing thylakoids C. Stacks of thylakoids D. Clusters of pigments and proteins that capture light

D. Clusters of pigments and proteins that capture light

What is the name of the response to an injury in which fluids leak from dilated blood vessels causing redness and swelling? A. Compliment response B. Lymphatic response C. Innate response D. Inflammatory response

D. Inflammatory response

Why do you need oxygen? (What role does O2 play in aerobic respiration?) A. It combines with acetyl-CoA at the start of the citric acid cycle B. It combines with H2O to help drive the formation of ATP C. It is given off as a byproduct during the oxidation of pyruvate D. It is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain

D. It is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain

Select the cellular structure that can be found in both plant and animal cells. A. Chloroplast B. Cell wall C. Centriole D. Mitochondria

D. Mitochondria

What are attached at the centromere? A. Homologous chromosomes B. Genomes C. Daughter cells D. Sister chromatids

D. Sister chromatids

Which of the following is the best description of a pathogen? A. a microbe that can live on or in the human body B. any living organism smaller than what the naked eye can see C. any species of bacterium D. a disease causing microorganism including viruses and molecules

D. a disease causing microorganism including viruses and molecules

The bones of a joint are attached to each other by _____, and muscles are attached to bones by _____. A. cartilage; tendons B. tendons; cartilage C. ligaments; cartilage D. ligaments; tendons

D. ligaments; tendons

A neuron sends information across a chemical synapse by A. movement of sodium ions from the first cell through the membrane of the second B. electrons from the first cell that induce permeability changes in the second C. neurotransmitter molecules that penetrate into the second cell D. neurotransmitter molecules that bind to membrane receptors on the second cell

D. neurotransmitter molecules that bind to membrane receptors on the second cell

Muscles exert force by A. expanding in one direction. B. expanding in either of two directions. C. pushing in one direction only. D. pulling in one direction only.

D. pulling in one direction only.

Sexual dimorphism refers to: A. sexually reproducing species in which the females are larger than males B. sexually reproducing species in which males are larger than females C. the situation in which males and females have identical genitalia D. the situation in which males and females differ physically and/or behaviorally

D. the situation in which males and females differ physically and/or behaviorally