BIO 145 Chapter 6

Which of the following are the three principal effects of a human population that determine its impact on the environment (the IPAT model)?

population, affluence, technology

John Seager describes several benefits of smaller families, including

reduced carbon emissions

Look at the age-structure pyramids. The numbers between the bars (in the middle of the graphs) serve as the y-axis. What do these numbers represent?

the age classes, in 5-year ranges

The 2014 age-structure pyramid for Niger indicates that the population of Niger ________

was increasing

Which statement most accurately describes recent population control efforts in China?

A One-Child Policy that is enforced through taxation and penalties has successfully controlled population growth.

Based on a comparison of the age-structure pyramids, which of the following would likely be a higher priority in the Netherlands than in Niger?

providing long-term care for the elderly

In the demographic transition model, the highest population growth rate in a country is likely to occur during ________.

stage 2, the transitional stage

Predict which of the following United Nations funding proposals both Sylva and Seager might support.

A development plan to build schools for girls in a poverty-stricken country

According to the figure, Nigeria has a ________ population size than Canada, with a ________ median age and a ________ proportion of the population at postreproductive age.

larger; lower; smaller

Which part of the IPAT model represents the influence of wealth and its environmental impact?

A for affluence

IPAT stands for ________.

Impact, Population, Affluence, and Technology

There are approximately ________ people on Earth

7.4 Billion

In 2016, the population of the United States was approximately 325 million people, with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.7%. If the population of the United States were to continue to grow at this rate, what would be the approximate population size of the United States in the year 2216?

1.3 billion

The world population growth peaked at ________% in the 1960s

2.1

In 2016, the population of the United States was approximately 325 million people, with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.7%. If the population of the United States were to continue to grow at this rate, it would double around the year ________.

2116

What occurs during the final stage, the postindustrial stage, of the demographic transition model?

Both the birth rate and the death rate continue along at very low levels. Population sizes stabilize or decline slightly.

The nations with the highest rate of contraceptive use (84%) are the United Kingdom and ________.

China

_______ is the world's most populous nation, home to ________ of the people living on Earth

China; one-fifth

Sylva emphasizes the dangers to economies and social welfare systems from declining fertility rates. In comparison to Sylva, what would Seager say about declining fertility?

Declining fertility would provide many social benefits, such as less crowded schools and roads.

Douglas Sylva gives four reasons why government population control is bad policy. Which of the following statements represents one of his reasons?

Government influence over family size is prone to abuse

Although Sylva and Seager seem to agree that couples should be able to make their own family planning decisions, they would disagree about which of the following statements?

Governments should provide resources and education for family planning

What is the sex ratio in China because of the one-child policy?

It is skewed toward more males, causing a slowing in population growth

The population policies of most nations are based on the Cornucopian view held by many economists. Under what idea do these policies operate?

Population growth is not a problem as long as resources can be replaced when depleted

When an agrarian economy transitions to an industrial economy, what effect does it have on the population?

Population growth rate slows

Of the following, which provides the most complete picture of whether a population of humans grows, shrinks, or remains stable?

Rates of birth, death, immigration, and emigration

The colors of the bars on the graphs indicate the life stage of the people in that age class. What does it mean if a bar is colored red?

The people in that age class are past reproductive age.

Which of the following can be inferred from the age structure shown?

The population in Nigeria is growing more rapidly than Canada.

Assuming that current trends continue, predict how the age structure of the Netherlands in 2034 will likely differ from that in 2014.

The proportion of the population made up of older adults (65+) will increase.

Which statement describes the effects of having a total fertility rate of 2.1?

The value means that two children plus a fraction to compensate for the death of offspring will replace the average male and female in the population.

How do women cause a reduction in the total fertility rate?

Through empowerment, personal choice, and education

In the Netherlands in 2014, people between the ages of 45 and 54 made up the largest percentage of the population. What factor is most likely to have caused this bulge in the age pyramid?

a surge in the birth rate after World War II ended in 1945

In 2014, how many 25- to 29-year-old women lived in Niger?

about 0.6 million

In the Netherlands in 2014, which age classes contained the largest number of people?

adults between 45 and 54

A population in the post-industrial stage would be expected to have ________

birth and death rates at low stable levels

Population growth is at the root of many serious environmental problems. From the ancient Babylonians thousands of years ago, to Thomas Malthus two centuries ago, to present day neo-Malthusians, humans seem to possess an awareness of Earth's limitations in the face of growing populations. Today, our ability to accurately quantify and monitor population growth is very sophisticated. We can measure growth and make predictions about world growth with mathematical and computer models. Despite long-lasting, rapid global population growth that is only recently starting to show signs of slowing, we have thus far been able to avoid global catastrophe. Can we continue to avoid disaster? Which of the following will increase a population's growth rate?

increased immigration

According to the IPAT model, technology that enhances our acquisition of minerals, fossil fuels, timber, and ocean fish ________

increases environmental impact

The most accurate terms describing the trend over the past 50 years for human use of natural resources are ________.

increasing and unsustainable

The transitional stage in the demographic model is initiated by ________.

industrialization

What is the population in Canada likely to experience soon?

more senior citizens

What does the S that is sometimes included in the I = PAT equation stand for?

sensitivity, to denote how sensitive a given environment is to these pressures that cause more damage for sensitive habitats

Recent research suggests that ________ has/have contributed to the large drop in fertility rates in Brazil over the past several decades.

soap operas

Malthus was responsible for ________

the idea that without social restrictions, increasing human population would lead to famine and war

What do the bars on the graphs represent?

the number of males and females in each age group

The "sensitivity factor" (S) that is often used in the IPAT (IPATS) model denotes ________.

the sensitivity of an environment to human pressures

When do smaller numbers of people have larger ecological footprints?

when they are from affluent, wealthier nations