Bio 156 Exam 2
endomembrane system.
A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.
Based on evolutionary relationships, which is the more likely ancestor to eukaryotic cells?
Archaeans
Where are ribosomes typically located in a cell?
Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, Free in the cytoplasm
peroxisomes
Break down fatty acids and produce hydrogen peroxide
What is the the function of chlorophyll?
Capture solar energy
Which enzyme found within the peroxisome functions to degrade hydrogen peroxide?
Catalase
Select the structures that are found in plant cells.
Central vacuole, Cell wall, Plasma membrane, Chloroplast, Mitochondrion
Which cellular organelle may function in the process of microtubule assembly and disassembly?
Centriole
Select all of the following structures that are found in animal cells.
Centrioles, Nucleoli ,Plasma membrane, Mitochondria
Which of these materials are found in the cell walls of fungi?
Chitin
Which of these is a pigment located within the thylakoid membrane that functions to capture solar energy?
Chlorophyll
The process of photosynthesis occurs within organelles called
Chloroplasts
From which parent(s) are mitochondrial genes inherited?
Mother
organelle
The small structures within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that perform specific functions are called_______
Which of the following are true about cilia?
They are shorter than flagella. They all beat together in a coordinated manner.
According to endosymbiotic theory, organelles specific to plants called_______ probably evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors.
chloroplast
A cell that has numerous mitochondria is most likely a cell that needs a large amount of
energy or ATP
The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus is called the nuclear_______
envelope
Catalase
enzyme found in peroxisome that breaks down hydrogen peroxide
True or false: All cells in a multicellular organism tend to have a similar number of mitochondria.
false
Cytoskeletal filaments that are larger than actin filaments but smaller than microtubules are called _______ filaments.
intermediate
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
lipids, fat, and carbohydrate production
A protistan engulfs a macromolecule via a vesicle. Which organelle could fuse to this vesicle and aid in breaking down this molecule?
lysosome
A vesicle that contains hydrolytic digestive enzymes is called a
lysosomes
The organelle that contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell is called the
nucleus
Which of these organelles contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell?
nucleus
A nuclear pore is best described as a(n):
opening in the nuclear envelope that permits the passage of molecules into and out of the nucleus
nuclear pore
passageway for molecules into and out of the nucleus
Vesicles that function in the metabolism of fatty acids and contain an enzyme to break down the hydrogen peroxide byproduct of this metabolism, are called
peroxisomes
The smooth ER synthesizes primarily_____ molecules while the rough ER is involved with the production of_____ molecules.
phospholipids, proteins
Which cellular process occurs within chloroplasts?
photosynthesis
When ribosomes in a cell's cytoplasm are attached to an organelle, that organelle now studded with ribosomes is then called______ endoplasmic reticulum
rough
List, in order, the BEST sequence of organelles/structures which can be used to synthesize and secrete a particular protein from a cell. Start at the top, with the organelle that synthesizes the product. Position 1 of 4 Rough ER correct toggle button unavailable Rough ER
rough ER, Transport vesicle, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicle
The action known as______ or exocytosis, involves the release of materials from the cell via vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
secretion
Golgi apparatus
stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
The main function of a vacuole is:
storage
Chloroplasts contain numerous structures called grana, each of which is a stack of
thylakoids.
The nucleoplasm has a different fluid composition than the cytoplasm of a cell.
true
True or false: A sperm does not contribute mitochondrial genes when fertilizing an egg.
true
True or false: Both plant and animal cells contain organelles.
true
True or false: Lysosomes and peroxisomes are structurally similar, but differ according to the enzymes that they contain.
true
True or false: Vacuoles may function in storage or elimination of water from a cell and intracellular digestion.
true
A large membranous sac located in the cytoplasm of a cell:
vacuole
flagella
whip like tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement
Humans, oak trees and protists are all composed of which type of cell?
Eukaryotic cells
ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
nuclear envelope
A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell
polyribosomes
A group of several ribosomes attached to, and translating, the same messenger RNA molecule.
cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
vacuole
A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area
Mitochondria use carbohydrates to produce:
ATP
The molecule produced by cellular respiration that is used to fuel energy dependent cellular reactions is
ATP
Which molecule is used to fuel all energy dependent cellular processes?
ATP
Which of the following are components of the cytoskeleton?
Actin filaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules
Which of the following statements are true statements that support the endosymbiotic theory? (Mark all that apply)
Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own ribosomes, Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are bounded by a double membrane which may have been derived during endocytosis, Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to bacteria in size and shape,
Select the following which relate to the role of microtubules in a eukaryotic cell.
Cilia and flagella Organelle movement Cell shape
photosynthesis
Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
What is the the function of the mitochondria?
Convert substrates into ATP
Which of these cells have a membrane bound nucleus?
Eukaryotes only
True or false: Plant cells do not have centrosomes.
False
True or false: Ribosomes may occur singly in the cytoplasm or in groups called Golgi bodies.
False
True or false: The main characteristic that distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell is a cell wall.
False
Which of the following are functions of intermediate filaments?
Formation of cell-to-cell junctions Support the plasma membrane Support the nuclear envelope
Which organelle receives proteins and lipid-filled vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum and then repackages them for export in secretory vesicles?
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following are components of the endomembrane system?
Golgi apparatus, The nuclear envelope, Vesicles, Endoplasmic reticulum
Chlorophyll
Green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis
Cilia
Hair like projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion
Select all the organisms that are composed of eukaryotic cells.
Humans Mushrooms Protists Oak trees
matrix
Innermost fluid filled compartment of the mitochondrion
Functions of the lysosome include
Intracellular digestion, Autodigestion
Which organelle is formed in the Golgi apparatus?
Lysosome
ribosomes
Makes proteins
nucleolus
Makes ribosomes / A darkly staining region that may appear within the nucleus on an electron micrograph is called a(n) ______. This is the location of rRNA production.
What is the function of the centriole?
Microtubule assembly and disassembly
centrosomes
Microtubule-organizing centers that help to form and organize the mitotic spindle during mitosis, contains centrioles.
Both cilia and flagella are composed of what type of cytoskeletal component?
Microtubules
Centrioles are formed from which of the following?
Microtubules
Liver and kidney cells filter and destroy many toxins. As a result they contain high numbers of which type of organelle?
Peroxisomes
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
Which organelle is assembled in the nucleolus of the nucleus?
Ribosome
List, in order, the BEST sequence of organelles/structures which can be used to synthesize and secrete a particular protein from a cell.
Rough ER, Golgi, secretory vesicle
Chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis and also an organelle
Vesicle
Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell.
Which cellular organelle will attach to the chromosomes and ensures they are distributed evenly during cell division?
Spindle apparatus
What would be the result if a cell was unable to form a spindle apparatus?
The cell would be unable to separate its chromosomes during cell division
endomembrane system
The collection of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.
nuclear envelope
The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in eukaryotic cells and is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum is called the
nuclear pores
The openings in the nuclear envelope through which particles may pass
ribosomes.
The organelles that function in protein synthesis are called
secretion
The release of cellular products from a cell is called:
Nucleoplasm.
The semifluid material enclosed by the nuclear envelope is called
True or false: Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular DNA like chromosome found in a prokaryotic cell.
True
True or false: The Golgi apparatus produces both secretory vesicles and lysosomes.
True
Which protein forms microtubules in the cell?
Tubulin
Formerly called microfilaments ,______filaments are long, very thin flexible fibers that account for the formation of pseudopods (false feet) used by some cells in order to move in an amoeboid fashion.
actin
Endoplasmic Reticulum
an internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and protein synthesis
Chloroplasts use solar energy to synthesize _______ during a process called photosynthesis.
carbohydrates
lysosomes
cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
The material that is common to the cell walls of plants and algae is called
cellulose
The main microtubule organizing center for a eukaryotic cell that lies near the nucleus is called the
centrosome
Evidence supports a similar process for the origin of the energy organelles, the _______that carry out photosynthesis and the _______ that carry out cellular respiration.
chloroplasts, mitochondria
The substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins in a eukaryotic cell's nucleus is called________ . When highly condensed, as it is in preparation of cell division, this material is called_________
chromatin, chromosomes
Chromatin, which consists of DNA and associated proteins, undergoes coiling and condenses during cell division to form
chromosomes
The internal framework of the cell, which consists of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments is collectively referred as the
cytoskeleton
The nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum are components of the
endomembrane system.
The inner fluid-filled space of a mitochondrion is called the
matrix
All eukaryotic cells convert carbohydrate energy to ATP within an organelle called the
mitochondria
In a eukaryotic cell, within which organelle does cellular respiration occur?
mitochondria
Molecules that can attach, detach, and reattach to actin filaments to produce movement are called:
motor molecules
The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in eukaryotic cells and is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum is called the:
nuclear envelope
During the evolutionary development of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells, the nuclear envelope and membranous organelles may have developed from the _________ __________of the original prokaryote.
plasma membrane
One side of the Golgi apparatus is directed toward the endoplasmic reticulum, while the other faces the?
plasma membrane.
A group of ribosomes that are attached to a single mRNA are called a_______
polyribosomes
motor molecules
proteins that can attach, detach, and reattach farther along an actin filament and also assist in movement.
In a cell, proteins are made at structures called
ribosomes
The rough ER differs from the smooth ER in that it is covered with:
ribosomes