Bio 160: Chapter 3 - Cells

The lysosome contains which type of enzymes?

enzymes that break down large molecules into smaller molecules

Which of the cells below has the largest ratio of surface area to volume? Click the blue box next to the correct answer.

Bottom Left. This is because the surface area to the volume ratio gets larger as the cell gets smaller and vice versa.

What is one way that bacterial and archaeal cells differ from each other?

Their cell membranes are made of different kinds of molecules.

What structure in plant cells stores salts, sugars, and pigments, contains enzymes that recycle and degrade molecules, and expands to exert turgor pressure?

central vacuole

Plant cells do not contain contractile vacuoles, and watering plants causes their cytoplasm to become more dilute. What happens when a plant is watered?

the cells shrink

What cells will be expected to contain the greatest number of lysosomes?

white blood cells

Complete the table by dragging each structure name or description into the appropriate place.

1. - Organelle: Golgi apparatus - Function(s): creates vesicles to enclose materials to be secreted; produces lysosomes - Structure: stacked, membranous, flat, single-membrane sacs - Plant or Animal: animal and plant 2. - Organelle: lysosome - Function(s): breaks down and recycles components of food, cellular debris, and captured pathogens - Structure: sac containing digestive enzymes; surrounded by single membrane - Plant or Animal: animals and some plants 3. - Organelle: Smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum) - Function(s): synthesizes lipids; detoxifies drugs and poisons - Structure: a single-membrane network - Plant or Animal: animal and plant 4. - Organelle: mitochondrion - Function(s): releases energy from food using cellular respiration - Structure: double-membrane organelle containing DNA and ribosomes; inner membrane is folded into enzyme-studded cristae - Plant or Animal: animal and plant

What parts of the cell did hydrolytic enzymes pass through on their way to lysosomes? Select all that apply.

1. Golgi apparatus 2. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

What might occur in a cell lacking lysosomes?

1. Old and worn-out cell parts would not be recycled. 2. Digestion of bacteria that are engulfed by the cell would not take place. 3. Synthesis of large polymers would be prevented

Consider your knowledge about the cell membrane and check all of the true statements below.

1. Phospholipids can self-assemble into a sphere without the help of proteins. 2. Phospholipid bilayers surround all eukaryotic cells. 3. Steroids in cell membranes allow the membrane to be more fluid. 4. Both plant and animal cell membranes are considered fluid mosaics.

Select all of the following that are true of the phospholipid bilayer.

1. The fatty acid chains of the phospholipids make the middle section hydrophobic. 2. Steroids embedded in the bilayer allow the membrane to remain fluid at various temperatures. 3. Some proteins embedded in the membrane help with transporting large molecules through the bilayer. 4. Plasmodesmata in plant cells and gap junctions in animals cells allow for direct exchange of material between adjacent cells.

Drag each label to all of the domains to which it applies.

Domain Bacteria - typical size is 1 to 10 micrometers - prokaryotic cells - membrane composed of fatty acid lipids - membrane-bounded organelles absent Domain Archaea - typical size is 1 to 10 micrometers - prokaryotic cells - membrane composed of nonfatty acid lipids - membrane-bounded organelles absent Domain Eukarya - typical size is 10 - 100 micrometers - nucleus present in cells - membrane composed of fatty acid lipids - organisms consist of one or more cells

Select all of the following that are found in both animal and plant cells.

- peroxisome - mitochondrion - Golgi apparatus - nucleus - endoplasmic reticulum

Complete the table by dragging each structure name or description into the appropriate place.

1. - Organelle: lysosome - Function(s): breaks down and recycles components of food, cellular debris, and captured pathogens - Structure: sac containing digestive enzymes; surrounded by single membrane - Plant or Animal: animals and some plants 2. - Organelle: peroxisome - Function(s): breaks down fatty acids and disposes of toxins - Structure: single-membrane sac containing enzymes, often forming visible protein crystals - Plant or Animal: animal and plant 3. - Organelle: chloroplast - Function(s): produces glucose by photosynthesis - Structure: double-membrane organelle containing pigments for photosynthesis - Plant or Animal: plant 4. - Organelle: mitochondrion - Function(s): releases energy from food using cellular respiration - Structure: double-membrane organelle; inner membrane is folded into enzyme-studded cristae - Plant or Animal: animal and plants

Select all of the following that are true of the middle, lipid portion of the phospholipid bilayer.

1. Allows lipids and small, nonpolar molecules through 2. Is composed of nonpolar fatty acid chains 3. proteins that span this section may provide channels for hydrophilic substances

Complete the table by dragging each structure name or description into the appropriate place.

1. - Organelle: Golgi apparatus - Function(s): creates vesicles to enclose materials to be secreted; produces lysosomes - Structure: stacked, flat, single-membrane sacs - Plant or Animal: animal and plant 2. - Organelle: Ribosome - Function(s): location of protein synthesis - Structure: two subunits of RNA and protein synthesized in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells - Plant or Animal: animal and plant 3. - Organelle: Smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum) - Function(s): synthesizes lipids; detoxifies drugs and poisons - Structure: a single membrane network - Plant or Animal: animal and plant 4. - Organelle: Rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum) - Function(s): produces proteins destined for secretion from the cell - Structure: a single membrane network covered with ribosomes - Plant or Animal: animal and plant

Select all the structures that are found in all living cells.

1. DNA 2. RNA 3. Proteins 4. Ribosomes 5. Cell Membrane

Lysosomes are membrane-bounded vesicles that arise from which of the following organelles?

Golgi apparatus