BIO 201 Unit 3
The internal solute concentration of a plant cell is about 0.8M. To demonstrate plasmolysis, it would be necessary to suspend the cell in what solution?
1.0M
Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products?
A
Which of the following plant cells would exhibit the most turgor pressure?
A cell placed in a hypotonic solution
Which of the following would be least likely to diffuse through a plasma membrane without the help of a transport protein?
A large polar molecule
The extracellular matrix of the animal cell has all of the following molecular components except __________.
A middle lamella
A newly discovered unicellular organism isolated from acidic mine drainage is found to contain a cell wall, a plasma membrane, two flagella, and peroxisomes. Based on this information only, the organism is most likely to be ________.
A motile eukaryote
Which of the following substances would be most likely to pass through the plasma membrane without the help of a transport protein?
A nonpolar molecule, such as a hydrocarbon
How does cholesterol affect membrane fluidity?
At body temperature, it makes the membrane less fluid.
Cells A and B are the same size, shape, and temperature, but cell A is metabolically less active than cell B; cell B is actively converting oxygen to water in cellular respiration. Oxygen will diffuse more rapidly into cell __________ because __________.
B; the diffusion gradient in cell B is steeper
_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.
Basal bodies
Why is energy required for active transport?
Because it moves solutes against their concentration gradient
Which of the following is a common trait of chloroplasts and mitochondria?
Both contain their own DNA
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
Cell wall
What function do carbohydrates fulfill in the plasma membrane?
Cell-to-cell recognition
The organelle that is a plant cell's compartment for the storage of inorganic ions such as potassium and chloride is the __________.
Central vacuole
Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?
Central vacuole with storage
Which of the following is the smallest biological structure that would most likely be visible with a standard research-grade light microscope?
Chloroplast
The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.
D
Which of these provides the cell with structural support?
D
Which of these is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?
E
A nursing infant is able to obtain disease-fighting antibodies, which are large protein molecules, from its mother's milk. These molecules probably enter the cells lining the baby's digestive tract via which process?
Endocytosis
In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.
Which of the following are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface?
Fimbriae
Which structure is part of the endomembrane system?
Golgi apparatus
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________.
Have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm
The network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in a cell __________.
Is the cytoskeleton
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
Nucleoid region
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____.
Nucleolus
What is a function of a bacterium's capsule?
Protection
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
Ribosome
Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?
Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which of these organelles manufactures proteins bound for secretion out of the cell?
Rough ER
Which of the following is the most appropriate technique for observing the three-dimensional structure and organization of microvilli on an intestinal cell?
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________.
Secrete a lot of protein
Where is calcium stored?
Smooth ER
The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is abundant in liver cells and primarily responsible for detoxification processes?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?
Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
Evidence that supports the prokaryotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts are all of the following except __________.
That mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes
Red blood cells contain approximately a 2% concentration of solutes. A red blood cell is placed into a solution that contains a 4% concentration of solutes to which the cell is not permeable. What will happen to the red blood cell?
The cell will decrease in size as water flows out of it.
Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?
The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.
Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic disorder that results in cellular accumulation of very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which of the following organelles is most likely defective in Tay-Sachs disease?
The lysosome
Which statement correctly describes the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell?
The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.
A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.
The plasma membrane
The plasma membrane exhibits selective permeability. This means that __________.
The plasma membrane allows some substances to flow through it more easily than others
A cell is placed into a solution and the cell shrinks. Which of the following is true regarding the solution?
The solution is hypertonic.
Which of the following is correct regarding peripheral proteins?
These proteins are found only on the surface of the plasma membrane.
Which of the following is correct regarding integral proteins?
These proteins exhibit both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is __________.
To synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins
Beginning within the nucleus, the first step leading to the synthesis of a polypeptide is _____.
Transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA
Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Whether or not the cell is generally partitioned by internal membranes
Cell motility, which includes changes both in cell location and in the movement of cell parts, requires interactions of the cytoskeleton __________.
With motor proteins
Animal cells have unique organelles called __________ that are composed of structures called __________.
centrosomes; centrioles
Microfilaments function in cell motility including __________.
muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants
Which of the following is a correct difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion?
Active transport requires energy from ATP, and facilitated diffusion does not.
Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA.
C
The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.
C
Which of the following molecules is most likely to passively diffuse across the plasma membrane?
Carbon dioxide
In facilitated diffusion, __________ proteins provide openings in the plasma membrane for substances to flow through without changing structure, and __________ proteins allow passage of substances through the plasma membrane after undergoing a subtle change in shape.
Channel; carrier
The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.
Chromatin
Which of the following is false in respect to cells' chromosomes?
Chromosomes are only visible as a cell is about to divide.
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?
Cilia
Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true?
Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.
Observing a fluorescent micrograph cell with intermediate filaments would help you identify the cell as a __________.
Human skin cell
A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.
In the rough endoplasmic reticulum
The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________.
In the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus
Which statement about extracellular structures (plant cell walls and the extracellular matrix of animal cells) is correct? See Concept 6.7 (Page)
Information can be transmitted from these extracellular structures to the cytoplasm.
Which of the following statements about diffusion is true?
It is a passive process.
Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?
Lysosome
Which of the following statements concerning carbohydrates associated with the plasma membrane is correct?
Membrane carbohydrates function primarily in cell-cell recognition.
All cells have voltages across their membranes. This voltage is called a(n) __________ and is often maintained by __________.
Membrane potential; electrogenic pumps
The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.
Microtubules
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?
Microtubules
A young child who suffers from a metabolic disease is always tired and fatigued. Which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease?
Mitochondria
Cyanide binds with at least one protein complex involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the bound cyanide is likely to be localized within which of the following organelles?
Mitochondria
The endosymbiont theory explains the origins of __________.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Which of the following structures is common to plant and animal cells?
Mitochondrion
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?
Mitochondrion
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
Mitochondrion
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following?
Motor Proteins
Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells? See Concept 6.6 (Page)
Movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
The endoplasmic reticulum is part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the __________.
Nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles
The region of a bacterial cell that contains the genetic material is called the __________.
Nucleoid
Cells are small because __________.
Of the geometric relationships between surface and volume
Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product?
Peroxisome
__________ are membrane-bound metabolic compartments that specialize in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its conversion to water.
Peroxisomes
Which of the following molecules are most abundant in the plasma membrane?
Phospholipids
Which of the following statements about the role of phospholipids in the structure and function of biological membranes is correct?
Phospholipids form a selectively permeable structure.
Mitochondria are found in __________.
Plant and animal cells
The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.
Plasma Membrane
The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.
Plasma membrane
Which of the following cell structures exhibits selective permeability between a cell and its external environment?
Plasma membrane
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________.
Plasmodesmata
Cell junctions in plant cells are called __________, and communicating junctions in animal cells are called __________.
Plasmodesmata; gap junctions
Which of the following structural arrangements of the components in biological membranes facilitates the cell membrane's property of selective permeability?
Proteins embedded in two layers of phospholipids
How does the "fluid mosaic model" describe the structure of the plasma membrane?
Proteins in the membrane contribute to the mosaic quality of the membrane while the lateral and rotational movements of phospholipids contribute to its fluidity.
Which one of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?
Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
Ribosomes
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
Ribosomes
_____ are the sites of protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
