Bio 22 Unit 3
Voltage-gated Na+Na+ channels open upon reaching what state?
threshold
What type of reflex can protect the foot when a painful stimulus is sensed?
withdrawal reflex
Main site for gas exchange
Alveoli
What is referred pain?
Pain in the visceral organs that is perceived as cutaneous pain
The "flight or fight" response of individuals to dangerous situations originates from what part of the visceral motor system?
Sympathetic division
Which ear component is used for balance, determining body position, and detecting movement?
The otolith organs
Which part of the human eye detects color and light?
The rods and cones
What is the function of the vestibular system?
To maintain equilibrium
Which of the following is in the correct order for how sound waves are transmitted through the ear?
Tympanic membrane , 3 bones of middle ear , oval window
What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?
acetylcholine
Which signaling molecule is most likely responsible for an increase in digestive activity?
acetylcholine
Where are joint receptors found?
all of the above
The inspiratory reserve volume measures the ____________.
amount of air that can be further inhaled after a normal breath
Which functional division of the nervous system would be responsible for the physiological changes seen during exercise?
autonomic
What does a ligand-gated channel require in order to open?
binding of a neurotransmitter
The majority of oxygen in the blood is transported by ____________.
binding to hemoglobin
Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?
cell body
The majority of carbon dioxide in the blood is transported by ____________.
conversion to bicarbonate
Restrictive airway diseases ____________.
decrease the compliance of the lung
What two types of macromolecules are the main components of myelin?
lipids and proteins
What type of receptor cell is involved in the sensations of sound and balance?
mechanoreceptor
If a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature sensations, what would a chemoreceptor be sensitive to?
molecules
Which structure predominates in the white matter of the brain?
myelinated axons
Which is the order of airflow during inhalation?
nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
What type of receptor cell is responsible for transducing pain stimuli?
nociceptor
What type of glial cell provides myelin for the axons in the CNS?
oligodendrocyte
Which of the following are located in the external, middle, and inner ear respectively?
pinna, tympanic membrane, round window
The total lung capacity is calculated using which of the following formulas?
residual volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
What ion enters a neuron causing depolarization of the cell membrane?
sodium
