Bio 222 A&P CH.18
glucagon
If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting
Erythropoietin
Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells?
insulin and epinephrine
Which of the following hormones is/are water soluble and therefore bind(s) to extracellular receptors?
Parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone
Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking?
alter a membrane channel by changing its shape, thereby affecting what can go through it
A hormone might
Calcitonin (CT)
A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ions is
Aldosterone
A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is
cortisol
A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is
Hypothalamus; ACTH
A patient is receiving exogenous cortisol in the form of hydrocortisone shots for a sinus infection. Their natural adrenal secretion of cortisol will decrease due to negative feedback on the ____ reducing the secretion of ______.
ACTH levels
A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except
hypogonadism
Abnormally low production of LH and FSH results in
Osteoclasts
Activity of which of the following cells is inhibited by calcitonin release?
it is stored in the anterior pituitary
All of the following are true of oxytocin except?
are produced by the adrenal medulla
All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they
glucagon; insulin
Alpha cells are to ______ as beta cells are to ______.
Decreased levels of sodium ion in the blood
Damage to cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex would result in
Eicosanoids
Leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes are all examples of
Catecholamines, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids
Membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones?
oxytocin
Normal growth is dependent on all of the following hormones except
Antagonists
Two hormones that have opposing effects are called
amplification
Upon binding of a single first messenger to a plasma membrane, thousands of second messengers may become activated. This effect is known as
ADH
Vasopressin is a common term for this hormone
Glucagon is released
When blood glucose levels fall,
Adrenal (suprarenal)
Which gland is called the "emergency gland" and helps the body adjust to stress?
Glucocorticoids
Which group of hormones cause an anti- inflammatory action
Testosterone: amino acid derivative
Which hormone is not correctly matched
Cortisol
Which hormone may be prescribed in chronic inflammatory disorders such as Lupus?
Blood glucose concentration
Which of the following directly regulates the secretion of insulin?
iodine
Which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone?
Cellular operations are altered by direct stimulation of a gene.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the second-messenger mechanism or hormone action?
Thymosin
You have just become the nurse manager of a nursing home and you are reminding yourself about what problems your nursing home population might have by studying your old pathophysiology books from nursing school. Many of the residents are tired and have problems with blood glucose levels. All of the following hormones might be related except
Hormones
________ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.
ADH
Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of
release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood
Endocrine cells
thickness of the plasma membrane
Hormonal actions on cells affect all of the following except
Mineralocorticoids
Hormones from the adrenal cortex that regulate electrolyte balance are
tropic
Hormones that stimulate endocrine glands to release other hormones are
Both an increase in insulin and an increase in glucose
If a patient is administered as a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry?
synthesis and release
TSH plays a key role in the _____ of thyroid hormones
Calcitonin
The C cells of the thyroid gland produce
leptin
The hormone related to appetite control is
Parathyroid hormone
The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is
Cortisol
The hormone that is synergistic to growth hormone is
inhibin
The hormone that opposes the release of FSH in both males and females is
Thyroxine
The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is
thymosins
The hormones that are important for coordinating the immune response are
Testosterone
The interstitial endocrine cells of the testes produce
increased water conservation by kidneys
The main action of antidiuretic hormone is
Hypothalamus
The most complex endocrine responses involve the
insulin
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is
ACTH
The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is
FSH
The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is
9
The two loves of the pituitary gland together produce or store how many hormones?
Glucocorticoids
The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces
mineralocorticoids
The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces
Mineralocorticoids
The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces
Calcitriol
This hormone is released in response to PTH and its actions are synergistic to PTH