Bio 222 A&P CH.18

glucagon

If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting

Erythropoietin

Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells?

insulin and epinephrine

Which of the following hormones is/are water soluble and therefore bind(s) to extracellular receptors?

Parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone

Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking?

alter a membrane channel by changing its shape, thereby affecting what can go through it

A hormone might

Calcitonin (CT)

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ions is

Aldosterone

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is

cortisol

A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is

Hypothalamus; ACTH

A patient is receiving exogenous cortisol in the form of hydrocortisone shots for a sinus infection. Their natural adrenal secretion of cortisol will decrease due to negative feedback on the ____ reducing the secretion of ______.

ACTH levels

A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except

hypogonadism

Abnormally low production of LH and FSH results in

Osteoclasts

Activity of which of the following cells is inhibited by calcitonin release?

it is stored in the anterior pituitary

All of the following are true of oxytocin except?

are produced by the adrenal medulla

All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they

glucagon; insulin

Alpha cells are to ______ as beta cells are to ______.

Decreased levels of sodium ion in the blood

Damage to cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex would result in

Eicosanoids

Leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes are all examples of

Catecholamines, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids

Membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones?

oxytocin

Normal growth is dependent on all of the following hormones except

Antagonists

Two hormones that have opposing effects are called

amplification

Upon binding of a single first messenger to a plasma membrane, thousands of second messengers may become activated. This effect is known as

ADH

Vasopressin is a common term for this hormone

Glucagon is released

When blood glucose levels fall,

Adrenal (suprarenal)

Which gland is called the "emergency gland" and helps the body adjust to stress?

Glucocorticoids

Which group of hormones cause an anti- inflammatory action

Testosterone: amino acid derivative

Which hormone is not correctly matched

Cortisol

Which hormone may be prescribed in chronic inflammatory disorders such as Lupus?

Blood glucose concentration

Which of the following directly regulates the secretion of insulin?

iodine

Which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone?

Cellular operations are altered by direct stimulation of a gene.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the second-messenger mechanism or hormone action?

Thymosin

You have just become the nurse manager of a nursing home and you are reminding yourself about what problems your nursing home population might have by studying your old pathophysiology books from nursing school. Many of the residents are tired and have problems with blood glucose levels. All of the following hormones might be related except

Hormones

________ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

ADH

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of

release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood

Endocrine cells

thickness of the plasma membrane

Hormonal actions on cells affect all of the following except

Mineralocorticoids

Hormones from the adrenal cortex that regulate electrolyte balance are

tropic

Hormones that stimulate endocrine glands to release other hormones are

Both an increase in insulin and an increase in glucose

If a patient is administered as a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry?

synthesis and release

TSH plays a key role in the _____ of thyroid hormones

Calcitonin

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce

leptin

The hormone related to appetite control is

Parathyroid hormone

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is

Cortisol

The hormone that is synergistic to growth hormone is

inhibin

The hormone that opposes the release of FSH in both males and females is

Thyroxine

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is

thymosins

The hormones that are important for coordinating the immune response are

Testosterone

The interstitial endocrine cells of the testes produce

increased water conservation by kidneys

The main action of antidiuretic hormone is

Hypothalamus

The most complex endocrine responses involve the

insulin

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

ACTH

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is

FSH

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

9

The two loves of the pituitary gland together produce or store how many hormones?

Glucocorticoids

The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces

mineralocorticoids

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces

Mineralocorticoids

The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces

Calcitriol

This hormone is released in response to PTH and its actions are synergistic to PTH