Bio 243 Quizzes 1-3
On the planet Mercury, neurons are permeable exclusively to chlorine (-1). If the extracellular concentration of chlorine is 100 times less than the intracellular concentration of chlorine, what is the nerve cell's resting membrane potential? a. +126 MV b. -58 MV c. +58 MV d. -126 MV e. 0 MV
a. +126 MV
On the planet Saturn, neurons are permeable exclusively to chlorine (-1). If the extracellular concentration of chlorine is 10 times greater than the intracellular concentration of chlorine, what is the nerve cell's resting membrane potential? a. -58 MV b. -126 MV c. +58 MV d. 0 MV e. +126 MV
a. -58 MV
On the planet X, neurons are permeable exclusively to magnesium (+2). If the extracellular concentration of magnesium is only 1% of the intracellular concentration of magnesium, what is the nerve cell's resting membrane potential? a. -58 MV b. -29 MV c. +29 MV d. 0 MV e. +58 MV
a. -58 MV
Which of these muscle types contain lots of gap junctions? a. Cardiac b. Smooth c. Skeletal d. Cartilage
a. Cardiac
Which of the following is a tissue type that includes the cells found within blood and bones? a. Connective tissue b. Nervous tissue c. Epithelial tissue d. Endocrine tissue e. Muscle tissue
a. Connective tissue
With its abundance of collagen fibers, cartilage is an example of____. a. Connective tissue b. Adipose tissue c. Epithelial tissue d. Nervous tissue e. Muscle tissue
a. Connective tissue
In addition to functioning as a transporter, primary active transporters also function as____ in order to make use of energy. a. Enzymes b. Structural proteins c. Channels d. Carriers e. Receptors
a. Enzymes
What tissue types lines internal hollow organs and external surfaces of the body, providing a barrier between the internal and external environment? a. Epithelial tissue b. Muscle tissue c. Nervous tissue d. Reticular tissue e. Connective tissue
a. Epithelial tissue
The opposite action from flexion is: a. Extension b. Inversion c. Elevation d. Plantar flexion
a. Extension
Which of these specialized cells produce protein fibers that are found in both loose and dense connective tissue? a. Fibroblasts b. Osteons c. Osteocytes d. Melanocytes
a. Fibroblasts
All types of muscle tissue have____. a. Interactions between actin and myosin b. Cells that lengthen when appropriately stimulated c. A response that can be consciously controlled d. Striated banding patterns seen under the microscope
a. Interactions between actin and myosin
Too much calcium in the bloodstream, a condition called hypercalcemia, can be very dangerous. The thyroid gland releases a hormone called calcitonin when calcium is too high. What must calcitonin do to lower calcium levels in the blood? a. It reduces osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity b. It increases osteoclast activity and reduces osteoblast activity c. It increases both osteoclast and osteoblast activity d. It reduces both osteoclast and osteoblast activity
a. It reduces osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
Blood is best classified as connective tissue because____. a. Its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix b. It contains more than one type o cell c. Its cells can move from place to place d. It is found within all the organs of the body e. It is contained in vessels that "connect" different parts of an organism's body
a. Its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix
Connective tissues that form strong straps ad function to hole bones together, support joints, and direct movement are known as: a. Ligament b. Cartilage c. Tendon d. Bursae
a. Ligament
Which motion occurs at the thumb? a. Opposition b. Circumduction c. Eversion d. Rotation
a. Opposition
Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by____. a. Smooth muscle b. Striated muscle c. Skeletal muscle d. Voluntary muscle e. Cardiac muscle
a. Smooth muscle
Which is not a function of epithelial tissue? a. Support body structures b. Protective barrier c. Secrete substances d. Absorb substances
a. Support body structures
What is the main difference between primary and secondary active transport? a. The form of energy (ATP vs. electrochemical gradient) used to move molecules across the membrane b. The molecules that are transported access the binding sites differently c. The direction that molecules are being moved across the membrane d. One uses energy whereas the other requires no energy e. The location of the binding sites
a. The form of energy (ATP vs. electrochemical gradient) used to move molecules across the membrane
Skeletal muscle contraction begins when calcium ions bind to____. a. Troponin b. Myosin c. Actin d. Acetylcholine receptors e. Energized cross-bridges
a. Troponin
If there is a difference in osmolarity between a cell and its environment, water will move____ its osmotic pressure gradient. a. Up b. Through c. Across d. Between e. Down
a. Up
Which statement is typical of data collected from a patient with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear? a. "My knee is weak and buckles" b. "I heard my knee pop, and then it gave out" c. "My knee has locked up" d. "My knee doesn't move smoothly"
b. "I heard my knee pop, and then it gave out"
On the planet Uranus, neurons are permeable exclusively to caesium (+1). If the extracellular concentration of caesium is ten times greater than the intracellular concentration of cesium, what is the nerve cell's resting membrane potential? a. -126 MV b. +58 MV c. 0 MV d. +126 MV e. -58 MV
b. +58 MV
On the planet Mars, neurons are permeable exclusively to rubidium (+1). If the extracellular concentration of rubidium is only 1% of the intracellular concentration of rubidium, what is the nerve cell's resting membrane potential? a. 0 MV b. -126 MV c. +58 MV d. -58 MV e. +126 MV
b. -126 MV
Which one of the following statements about different musculoskeletal injuries is true? a. Strains are injuries that occur to ligaments and the joints to which they are attached b. A sprain is an injury to a joint with possible damage to or tearing of ligaments c. A dislocation occurs when the bone within a joint is broken d. A fracture occurs when a tendon connecting muscle to a bone is overstretched and injured
b. A sprain is an jury to a joint with possible damage to or tearing of ligaments
Why must tropomyosin cover the thin filament in just the right position before the muscle can relax? a. It is needed in the proper location or ATP cannot be used b. Because it covers the myosin binding sites and, if left exposed, will allow the myosin to bind and pull c. It has a particular binding place that facilitates the removal of calcium d. Without it in the correct position, calcium cannot be released
b. Because it covers the myosin binding sites and, if left exposed, will allow the myosin to bind and pull
Why is cross training considered valuable to promote overall strength? a. Because it makes it easier to deal with oxygen debt b. Because it promotes the development of both slow twitch and fast twitch motor units c. Because it promotes the development of slow twitch motor units d. Because it promotes the development of fast twitch motor units
b. Because it promotes the development of both slow twitch and fast twitch motor units
Which of the following is the correct order for the organization of the body? a. Cells to organ to system to tissue to whole body b. Cells to tissue to organ to system to whole body c. Cells to tissue to system to organ to whole body d. Tissue to cells to organ to system to whole body
b. Cells to tissue to organ to system to whole body
Motor proteins convert... a. Mechanical energy to chemical energy b. Chemical energy to mechanical energy c. Chemical energy to heat energy d. Heat energy to mechanical energy e. Kinetic energy to mechanical energy
b. Chemical energy to mechanical energy
When an action potential from a motor neuron arrives at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a series of events occurs that leads to muscle contraction. Which of the following events will occur last (that is, after all of the others)? a. Depolarization of the muscle cell b. Conformational change in troponin c. Release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum d. Action potential propagation down the T tubules e. Acetylcholine (ACh) release
b. Conformational change in troponin
The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is____. a. Nervous tissue b. Connective tissue c. Epithelial tissue d. Skeletal muscle
b. Connective tissue
The cells that function in secretion or absorption that are found in many glands and in the lining of the kidneys are: a. Squamous b. Cuboidal c. Stratified d. Columnar
b. Cuboidal
What type of tissue separates the internal from the external environment? a. Reticular b. Epithelial c. Connective d. Nerve e. Plasma Membrane
b. Epithelial
Most of the absorption surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with____. a. Adipose tissue b. Epithelial tissue c. Connective tissue d. Smooth muscle cells e. Neural tissue
b. Epithelial tissue
Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with_____. a. Neural tissue b. Epithelial tissue c. Connective tissue d. Smooth muscle cells
b. Epithelial tissue
Which of the following is not a structure that is found in all cells? a. Nucleus b. Epithelium c. Cytoplasm d. Cell membrane
b. Epithelium
What causes delayed onset muscle soreness? a. Running on level ground b. Exercise in which a muscle lengthens while it contracts c. Gentle stretching d. Walking on level ground
b. Exercise in which a muscle lengthens while it contracts
What is a general name for the non-cellular material that holds the widely scattered cells of connective tissue together? a. Basement membrane b. Extracellular matrix c. Elastin d. Intracellular matrix e. Collagen
b. Extracellular matrix
Which of the following structural features of epithelial tissues are related to the function of these cells? Epithelial cells_____, a. Have a long life span b. Have polarity c. Have low rates of mitosis and cytokinesis d. Are loosely packed
b. Have polarity
Which of the following is not one of the basic types of tissue found in the body? a. Epithelial b. Histogenic c. Muscular d. Connective
b. Histogenic
Someone who has broken an arm and has had a cast on it for months will notice a distinct shrinking of the arm once the cast is removed. Why does this happen? a. If the person was right-handed, they'll become left-handed b. If the muscles are not used they will atrophy c. The other arm was used more to compensate for the unused one, and it's become stronger d. The cast has reduced blood flow to the muscle tissue to reduce swelling
b. If the muscles are not used they will atrophy
If a negatively charged ion is more concentrated inside the cell, the forces required to balance the chemical gradient would be directed____. Thus, the equilibrium potential for this ion would be____ charged. a. Outward: positively b. Inward: positively c. Inward: negatively d. Outward: negatively e. Outward: negatively
b. Inward: positively
Which membranes line the passageways that open to the exterior of the body, including those of the respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems in the body? a. Serous b. Mucous c. Cutaneous d. Basement
b. Mucous
Ca2+ Calmodulin stimulates phosphorylation of myosin by... a. Focal adhesion kinase b. Myosin light chain kinase c. Ca2+ ATPase d. Ryanodine receptor e. Titin
b. Myosin light chain kinase
Of the following choices, the epithelium with the shortest diffusion distance is____. a. Stratified squamous epithelium b. Simple squamous epithelium c. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium d. Simple columnar epithelium
b. Simple squamous epithelium
The type of muscle tissue surrounding the intestines and blood vessels is____. a. Skeletal muscle b. Smooth muscle c. Cardiac muscle d. Intercalated cells
b. Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle cells are both____. a. Striated and under voluntary control b. Striated and interconnected by intercalated disks c. Smooth and under involuntary control d. Smooth and under voluntary control
b. Striated and interconnected by intercalated disks
Overuse, misuse, and age are some of the factors that contribute to excessive stress on a tendon, causing inflammation known as: a. Bursitis b. Tendinitis c. Spasms d. Tetanus
b. Tendinitis
Bands of connective tissue that aid in the attachment of muscles to bones are termed: a. Cartilage b. Tendons c. Ligaments d. Fibrocartilage
b. Tendons
When a muscle is stimulated before the muscle can fully relax, this can cause: a. Tendinitis b. Tetanus c. Muscle failure d. Muscle twitch
b. Tetanus
Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by an inflammation of tendons passing through the carpal tunnel of the wrist. What causes this inflammation and pain? a. The associated muscles are too weak and begin to spasm, leading to inflammation b. The tendons are repeatedly rubbed against bone by certain continuous hand motions c. The muscles eventually fatigue and become swollen, thus swelling the tendon d. The tendons become stretched out the point in which they tear away from the bone
b. The tendons are repeatedly rubbed against bone by certain continuous hand motions
Women experience the symptoms of osteoporosis more acutely than men. Why is this true? a. Men take in more calcium in their diet, so they cant get osteoporosis b. Women have less bone mass and produce less estrogen later in life, which accelerates calcium loss c. Women have less muscle mass and don't exercise as much d. Men don't produce estrogen, so they don't rely on it as much as women do
b. Women have less bone mass and produce less estrogen later in life, which accelerates calcium loss
Organs of the body are defined as____. a. A collection of tissues that function independently of one another b. Two or more tissues combined to form a structure that allows each tissue to function independently c. A combination of two or more tissues that makes a structure which performs specific functions d. A collection of cells that perform similar functions e. A collection of cells that function independently of one another
c. A combination of two or more tissues that makes a structure which performs specific functions
Interstitial fluid is____. a. The internal environment inside animal cells b. Identical to the composition of blood c. A common site of exchange between blood and body cells d. Found only in the lumen of the small intestine
c. A common site of exchange between blood and body cells
The uptake of nutrients across the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract and into the bloodstream is called____. a. Secretion b. Reabsorption c. Absorption d. Filtration e. Excretion
c. Absorption
The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores ions that are necessary for skeletal muscle contractions. Which of the following ions does it store? a. Fe++ b. Na+ c. Ca++ d. Mg++
c. Ca++
Which tissue type includes cells contained in an extracellular matrix composed of collagen and elastin? a. Muscle tissue b. Epithelial tissue c. Connective tissue d. Nervous tissue e. Endocrine tissue
c. Connective tissue
The fibrous connective tissue that wraps muscle is called: a. Tendons b. Adipose c. Fascia d. Ligaments
c. Fascia
Which of the following protein filaments are shaped like a golf club with two heads and function in muscle contractions? a. Tendon b. Actin c. Myosin d. Myofilament
c. Myosin
The contraction of skeletal muscles is based on____. a. Actin filaments coiling up to become shorter b. Actin cross-bridges binding to myosin and undergoing a power stroke c. Myosin cross-bridges binding to actin and undergoing a power stroke d. Myosin filaments coiling up to become shorter e. Actin and myosin filaments both coiling up to become shorter
c. Myosin cross-bridges binding to actin and undergoing a power stroke
Which of the following cells form new bone in bone tissue? a. Osteocytes b. Fibroblasts c. Osteoblasts d. Osteon
c. Osteoblasts
Which manifestations is the nurse most likely to assess in a patient with a simple closed fracture of the radial bone? a. Crepitus and bone protrusion through skin b. Broken skin at the site of the fracture c. Pain and intact skin at the site of the fracture d. Visible bone at the site of the fracture
c. Pain and intact skin at the site of the fracture
Which finding should alert the nurse that a patient is experiencing carpal tunnel syndrome? a. Pain is alleviated by rubbing the palm of the affected hand b. Pain is alleviated by elevating the hand c. Pain is alleviated by shaking the affected hand and wrist d. Pain worsens by shaking the affected hand and wrist
c. Pain is alleviated by shaking the affected hand and wrist
What forms within the spaces of spongy bone and functions to produce blood cells? a. Yellow b. Osteocytes c. Red marrow d. Osteons
c. Red marrow
Which instruction should the nurse give to the patient for the initial management of acute bursitis of the knee? a. Gently exercise the affected joint b. Take acetaminophen, as prescribed c. Rest the joint d. Apply heat to the affected joint
c. Rest the joint
Which type of muscle tissue is found attached to bone? a. Cardiac b. Smooth c. Skeletal d. Visceral
c. Skeletal
Twisting forces are most likely to produce a(n)____ fracture. a. Oblique b. Transverse c. Spiral d. Comminuted
c. Spiral
The number of bones in a newborn exceeds the number of bones in an adult. Why would the number of bones decrease over time? a. As some bones grow larger others do not and are no longer needed b. The bones of a baby are more fragile than an adult, so more are needed to support the weight of the body c. Some bones are lost due to replacement, like the loss of baby teeth d. Because some of the bones of babies will eventually fuse together to become one larger bone
d. Because some of the bones of babies will eventually fuse together to become one larger bone
In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the____. a. Axon region b. Dendritic region c. Synaptic terminals d. Cell body e. Synapse
d. Cell body
If you were to view a sample of animal tissue under a light microscope and notice an extensive extracellular matrix surrounding a tissue, which tissue type would you most suspect? a. Cardiac muscle b. Epithelial c. Striated muscle d. Connective e. Nervous
d. Connective
If you gently bend your ear, and then left go, the shape of your ear will return because the cartilage of you ear contains____. a. Collagenous fibers b. Reticular fibers c. Adipose tissue d. Elastic fibers
d. Elastic fibers
What type of gland secretes products into ducts leading to the external environment? a. Neither endocrine nor exocrine b. Endocrine glands c. Both endocrine and exocrine d. Exocrine glands
d. Exocrine glands
Blood is a type of connective tissue because blood____. a. Functions in transportation b. Can be both liquid and solid c. Has multiple cell types d. Has an extensive extracellular matrix
d. Has an extensive extracellular matrix
The portion of body water outside of cells that bathes most cells of the body is called____. a. Intracellular fluid b. Intercellular fluid c. Plasma d. Interstitial fluid e. Extracellular fluid
d. Interstitial fluid
Too much calcium in the bloodstream, a condition called hypercalcemia, can be very dangerous. The thyroid gland releases a hormone called calcitonin when calcium is too high. What must calcitonin do to lower calcium levels in the blood? a. It increases both osteoclast and osteoblast activity b. It increases osteoclast activity and reduces osteoblast activity c. It reduces both osteoclast and osteoblast activity d. It reduces osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
d. It reduces osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
All animals, whether large or small, have____. a. A body surface covered with hair to keep them warm b. An external body surface that is dry c. A basic body plan that resembles a two-layered sac d. Most of their cells in contact with an aqueous medium
d. Most of their cells in contact with an aqueous medium
Which type of tissue is designed to produce body movement? a. Epithelial b. Nervous c. Connective d. Muscle
d. Muscle
The tissue type that generates mechanical force and movement, and whose activity is controlled both on a voluntary and involuntary level, is____. a. Skeletal tissue b. Epithelial tissue c. Connective tissue d. Muscle tissue e. Nervous tissue
d. Muscle tissue
Pointing the toes downward is called: a. Extension b. Dorsiflexion c. Depression d. Plantar flexion
d. Plantar flexion
The cells lining the air sacs in the lungs make up a____. a. Stratified squamous epithelium b. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Simple squamous epithelium
d. Simple squamous epithelium
Which form of muscle is involuntary and occurs in the walls of the blood vessels? a. Connective b. Cardiac c. Skeletal d. Smooth
d. Smooth
The basic principle to splinting a suspected fracture is to: a. Fully splint all injuries regardless of the patient's condition b. Prioritize splinting over bandaging to perserve limb function c. Always use the traction splint when a femur is fractured d. Splint the joint above and below the fracture site
d. Splint the joint above and below the fracture site
Astronauts returning to earth from an extended stay in space have to be extremely careful or they could break a bone. It takes several weeks to restore normal bone strength, which would be the best regimen to rebuild the lost bone tissue? a. Hit the gym and get going, with a few weeks of heavy weight lifting b. Several weeks of swimming will rebuild all lost bone mass c. Nothing special is needed, just lie around and watch TV d. Start with walking and build up to jogging, with an extra regimen of light weight lifting in the gym
d. Start with walking and build up to jogging, with an extra regimen of light weight lifting in the gym
All skeletal muscle fibers are____. a. Smooth and under involuntary control b. Smooth and operate independently of other skeletal muscle fibers c. Smooth and under voluntary control d. Striated and under voluntary control e. Striated and electrically coupled to neighboring fibers
d. Striated and under voluntary control
When a muscle is stimulated prior to full relaxation of a previous contraction and the second stimuli is added to the first contraction, is is referred to as: a. Tetanus b. Fatigue c. Twitch d. Summation
d. Summation
Turning the palm upward is called: a. Circumduction b. Pronation c. Rotation d. Supination
d. Supination
Sodium-linked glucose transport, where both Na+ and glucose are moving in the same direction, is an example of____. a. Countertransport b. Primary active transport c. Exchange d. Symport e. Antiport
d. Symport
During the cotransport of glucose with sodium, sodium increases the affinity of the carrier molecule for glucose when the binding site is facing which side? a. The intracellular fluid b. Both sides are affected equally c. Sodium decreases the affinity of the carrier for glucose-- it does not increase affinity d. The extracellular fluid e. Cotransport does not involve changes in affinity of the carrier molecule
d. The extracellular fluid
Which component of a muscle does the Ca2+ combine with to allow a contraction to occur? a. Actin b. Myosin Heads c. T-Tubules d. Troponin
d. Troponin
On the planet Mars, neurons are permeable exclusively to rubidium (+1). If the extracellular concentration of rubidium is 100 times greater than the intracellular concentration of rubidium, what is the nerve cell's resting membrane potential? a. +58 MV b. -126 MV c. 0 MV d. -58 MV e. +126 MV
e. +126 MV
When muscle is at rest, the myosin head is bound to____. a. Tropomyosin b. ATP c. Actin d. Troponin e. ADP plus an associated phosphate
e. ADP plus an associated phosphate
Which of the following is an example of a connective tissue? a. The surface of the skin b. Nerves c. Cuboidal epithelium d. Smooth muscles e. Blood
e. Blood
The type of muscle that contains branched cells is____. a. Smooth muscle b. All muscle types c. Skeletal muscle d. Striated muscle e. Cardiac muscle
e. Cardiac muscle
The composition of connective tissue determines its physical properties. If you gently bend your ears, and then let go, the shape of your ear will return. This can best be explained by the presence of what tissue type in your ear? a. A fluid connective tissue b. Bone c. Loose connective tissue d. Dense connective tissue e. Cartilage with elastic fibers
e. Cartilage with elastic fibers
Which of the following is protein found in the body that provides the tensile strength to resist stretching? a. Elastin b. Vimentin c. Basement Membrane d. Erythropoietin e. Collagen
e. Collagen
Which of the following descriptions incorrectly describes the tissue type? a. Epithelial tissue lines the lumen of internal organs b. Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction and generation of force c. Nervous tissue is specialized for transmission of electrical impulses d. Epithelial tissue forms glands e. Connective tissue is specialized for exchange between the internal and external environments
e. Connective tissue is specialized for exchange between the internal and external environments
Glands are derived from what type of tissue? a. Muscle b. Kleenex c. Nerve d. Connective e. Epithelial
e. Epithelial
What type of tissue lines exocrine glands? a. Connective b. Muscle c. Exonuclear d. Nerve e. Epithelial
e. Epithelial
What tissue type functions in the transport of specific molecules from one body compartment to another? a. Muscle tissue b. Reticular tissue c. Nervous tissue d. Connective tissue e. Epithelial tissue
e. Epithelial tissue
A stratified epithelium is composed of_______. a. Squamous cells overlying cuboidal cells b. A tight layer of square cells attached to a basement membrane c. Alternating layers of thick and thin cells d. A single layer of cells of variable height e. Multiple layers of cells, stacked from the basolateral side to the apical side
e. Multiple layers of cells, stacked from the basolateral side to the apical side
Which of the following is not true for all three of the following transport mechanisms: facilitated diffusion, primary active transport, and secondary active transport? a. The transport mechanism requires a protein b. The transport mechanism is specific for a particular solute(s) c. Transport can be increased by increasing the number of transport molecules in the plasma membrane d. The transport mechanism has a limit to the total number of molecules that can be transported per unit of time e. The transport mechanism requires energy
e. The transport mechanism requires energy