Bio 255 - Exam 4
Each hemoglobin molecule can carry __ oxygen molecules on the __ heme(s).
4, iron
What is the average of erythrocytes?
44%
Which of the following represents a normal differential count (percentages of different WBC types) in a healthy adult?
65% neutrophils, 25% lymphocytes, 6% monocytes, 3% eosinophils, 1% basophils
Which brings lymph to lymph node?
Afferent lymphatic vessels
Which statement best describes arteries?
All carry blood away from the heart
Which is the correct statement about lymphocytes?
B cells produce plasma cells, which separate antibodies into the blood
Which blood makes antibodies?
B lymphocytes
Mobob has mitral valve stenosis and incompetence. She is having trouble breathing and she is coughing up a whitish sputum. How would her heart problems be causing her pulmonary symptoms?
Because the stenosis and incompetence make the left ventricle's pumping inefficient, the results in positive net filtration pressure. So fluid builds up in the lungs, thus the sputum formation.
Which describes a fenestrated capillary?
Endothelial cells have pores in them to allow filtration
Which is a mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?
Peyer's patch
Which lists the components of the heart's conduction system in the proper order? (SA = sinoatrial, AV = atrioventricular)
SA Node, AV Node, AV bundle, bundle branches, conduction myofibers
Which cells orchestrate the immune response?
T cells (T-lymphocytes)
Which blood cells orchestrate the complex interactions of cell functions in the immune system, allowing the body to eliminate infections?
T-lymphocytes
Select the correct stadium about the heart valves
The atrioventricular valves are assisted by chord tendinae
Select the CORRECT statement about the pharynx
The auditory tubes open into the nsopharynx
Lobob shows you an enlarged lump on the back of her neck. She tells you she had found an attached tick in her hair above the spot a week prior. What is the enlarged lump? Why did it appear below the site where the tick had attached?
The enlarged lump is an enlarged lymph node, making lymphocytes reacting to the tick. The lymphatic fluid drains toward the chest, so the enlarged node would be along the way.
Which is the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall?
The myocardium contracts to pump blood
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
The respiratory rate is lowest in newborn infants
What effect does age have on the size of the thymus?
The thymus initially increases in size and then decreases in size from adolescence through old age
Which lung cell type consists of thin, flat cells that allow gas exchange?
Type I epithelium
Which lung cell type makes surfactant that allows alveoli to remain open?
Type ll cells
The term ductus venosus refers to
a fetal vessel that allows some blood to bypass the liver
Coagulation of blood produces
a fibrin clot
James has a hematocrits of 34%. This is
abnormally low
Jane has a hemoglobin measurement of 11 g/100 ml blood. This is
abnormally low
The normal percentage of white blood cells that are lymphocytes is
about 25%
The normal percentage of white blood cells that are neutrophils is
above 60%
James has a hematocrit of 69%. This is
above normal
Jane has a reticulocyte count of 5%. This is
above normal
What causes the movement of lymph through lymphatic vessels
action of nearby skeletal muscles
Lymph enters a lymph node via
afferent lymphatic vessels
Lymphoid tissues, including lymphatic capillaries, are found in
all tissues of the body
The respiratory membrane is a combination of
alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basal lamina
Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange?
alveoli
Which would NOT be considered part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?
alveoli
Which would be considered part of the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?
alveoli
The left coronary artery supplies blood to the
anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery
If a doctor orders a blood test requiring the use of plasma,
anticoagulant must be added to the tube of blood
The aortic semilunar valve prevents back flow from the
aorta to the left ventricle
The narrow superior tip of the lung is the
apex
Continuous capillaries
are abundant in the skin and skeletal muscles
Fenestrated capillaries
are found in small intestines, endocrine glands, and the kidneys
The vessel bringing oxygen and nutrients to the tissues is the
artery
The nose serves all the following functions EXCEPT
as the initiator of the cough reflex
Which of the following is NOT part of the conduction system of the heart
atrioventricular valve
Erythrocyte shape can be described as
biconcave disks
During ventricular systole, blood directly is pumped to
both the aorta and pulmonary trunk
Which lacks cartilage and mucus-producing cells?
bronchioles
Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of systemic
capillaries
The blood vessel type allowing exchange of respiratory gases, delivery of nutrients, and removal of wastes to and from tissues is the
capillary
Which is NOT a normal change affecting the aging heart?
cardiac hypertrophy
Which of the following is NOT found on the right lung?
cardiac notch
The function of hemoglobin is to
carry oxygen
The thymus is most active during
childhood
Most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of
ciliated mucous lining in the nose
Lymph collecting from the lower extremities would first pool in the ___ before moving on up
cisterna chyli
What is systole?
contraction of the heart
Blood is carried to capillaries of the myocardium by way of
coronary arteries
Dividing B cells in follicles with germinal center are found in the ___ of a lymph node
cortex
Dividing B cells in follicles with germinal centers are found in the __ of a lymph node
cortex
Which structure allows much of the fetal circulation to by-pass the lungs?
ductus arteriosus
The respiratory system is derived from
ectoderm
Lymph leaves a lymph node via
efferent lymphatic vessels
The term blood islands refers to
embryonic masses of mesodermal cells giving rise to the endothelial lining of blood vessels
The thymus is derived from the
endoderm
The visceral serous pericardium is also known as the
epicardium
After you centrifuge a tube of anticoagulated blood, which is/are found at the bottom of the tube?
erythrocytes
Air exits your lungs with each
expiration
Air exits yours lungs with each
expiration
Platelets initially stick to the wall of a damage blood vessel because
exposed collagen fibers make a rough surface to which platelets are attached
Lymphatic vessels transport absorbed dietary lipids from the small intestine to the liver
false
Which has the higher affinity for oxygen?
fetal hemoglobin
Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis
fibrinolysis
Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle
has gap junctions allowing it to act as a functional synctyium
All blood cells originate form
hemocytoblasts
The special type of hemoglobin present in fetal red blood cells is
hemoglobin
Which carries oxygen in erythrocytes?
hemoglobin
The special type of hemoglobin present in fetal red blood cell is
hemoglobin F
What process stops all your blood from leaking out if you cut yourself?
hemostasis
The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called the
hepatic portal circulation
Jane has a reticulocyte count of 5%. This is
high
The site of vascular and bronchial attachments to the lungs is the
hilus
Your false vocal cords are used to ___ and they are found ____ your true vocal cords.
hold your breath, above
The foramen ovale
in interatrial septum; becomes fossa ovalis
Where are Peyer's patches found
in the walls of your appendix
Blood can allow more heat loss by
increasing blood flow through the skin
Air flows into your lungs with each
inspiration
If a significant amount of connective tissue were to develop connecting the visceral and parietal layers together, which of the following would be a likely consequence?
interference with normal cardiac activity
Lymph is most like
interstitial fluid
Fluid found between cells is called __ and it contains __ protein than plasma
interstitial fluid, less
The thymus
is more important to an infant than an adult
The pericardial cavity
is the region of the thoracic cavity containing the heart
Which of the following is true about blood serum?
it is the same as plasma without the clotting proteins
Red blood cells do not consume any of the oxygen they transport because they
lack mitochondria
Specialized intestinal lymph capillaries called __ deliver fatty "__" to the blood.
lacteals, chyle
Blood within the pulmonary veins is delivered to the
left atrium
The bicuspid valve prevents back flow from the
left ventricle to the left atrium
The process of forming new white blood cells is called
leukopoiesis
Interstitial fluid, once it has entered lymphatic vessels is called
lymph
Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are
lymph nodes
Select the correct statement about lymph transport
lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles
Fluids leaking from capillaries are returned to the circulatory system via
lymphatic vessels
Which returns fluid escaping from the circulatory system to the circulatory system?
lymphatic vessels
By secreting hormones, the thymus causes which cells to become immunocompetent?
lymphocytes
Which cells phagocytocize antigens and help to activate the immune response against them?
macrophages
Which of the following is a regulatory function of blood?
maintenance of normal pH in body tissues
The right coronary artery supplies blood to the
marginal artery and the posterior interventricular artery
Respiratory control centers are located in the
medulla and pons
The circulatory system is derived from
mesoderm
The spleen is derived from
mesoderm
Which blood cells migrate to tissues to become macrophages?
monocytes
A person with chronic granolucytic leukemia is ___ likely to suffer a bacterial infection in/on their body
more
Which will vibrate and create sounds as air rushes out your glottis
mucosal folds
Which of the following is a precursor of a neutrophil?
myelblast
Which is composed to cardiac muscle tissue?
myocardium
Blood in the pulmonary veins is __. These vessels are indicated with __ coloring in anatomical illustrations.
oxygenated, red
Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following EXCEPT
pancreatic islets
The pleura that line the thoracic wall and covers the superior diaphragm is the
parietal pleura
The pleura that lines the thoracic wall and covers the superior diaphragm is the
parietal pleura
Which is a lymphatic organ that has blind-ended crypts for trapping and destroying bacteria?
pharyngeal tonsil
After you centrifuge a tube of anti coagulated blood, which is/are found at the top of the tube?
plasma
You obtain a tube of blood from a patient. Heparin anticoagulant is in the tube, so the blood does not clot. The tube is centrifuged and you remove the liquid from atop the cells. The liquid thus obtained is called
plasma
Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by
plasma cells
Which formed element of blood is really just a fragment of the cytoplasm of a bone marrow megakaryocyte, surrounded by plasma membrane?
platelet
Which of the following is a protective function of blood?
prevention of blood loss
Which vessel receives blood during right ventricular systole?
pulmonary arteries
The pleura that covers the external lung surface is the
pulmonary pleura
Which blood vessel is part of pulmonary circulation?
pulmonary trunk
The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents back flow from the
pulmonary trunk to the right atrium
Which blood vessel is NOT part of systemic circulation
pulmonary vein
Platelets are made in the __ and they circulate about __ days.
red bone marrow, 9
Select the correct statement regarding blood cell formation
red marrow is the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life
Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by
reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid
What is diastole?
relaxation of the heart
Functions of the spleen include all of those below EXCEPT
removal of old or defective blood cells from blood, forming crypts that trap bacteria, filtering lymph
Because the lungs are filled with fluid during fetal life, which of the following statements is true regarding fetal respiratory exchange?
respiratory exchanges are made through the placenta
Which cells produce the stroma supporting all other cell types in a lymphoid organ?
reticular cells
Which cell in circulating blood indicates rapid erythropoiesis?
reticulocyte
Which limb's escaped fluids are NOT delivered to the blood via the thoracic duct
right arm
Which limb's escaped fluids are delivered to the blood via the right lymphatic duct?
right arm
Where is the pacemaker of the heart located?
right atrium
The tricuspid valve prevents back flow from the
right ventricle to the right atrium
What is normally found between the pulmonary and parietal pleura?
serous fluid
The yellowish liquid seen in a tube of blood taken without added anticoagulant is
serum
You obtain a tube of blood from a patient. No anticoagulants are in the tube, so the blood clots. The tube is centrifuged and you remove the liquid from atop the clot and cells. The liquid thus obtained is called
serum
During a normal cardiac cycle, the atria contract when they are directly stimulated by the
sinoatrial node
Which describes differences observed as the conducting tubes of the lungs become smaller?
smooth muscle amount increases
The pons respiratory centers
smooth transitions between inspiration and expiration
Which is a lymphatic organ containing a huge number of erythrocytes?
spleen
Which is a site of fetal erythrocyte production?
spleen
Chemical analysis can be used assess a person's health
status of their whole body
Chemical analysis of blood can be used assess a person's health
status of their whole body
Platelets
stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break
Fluid escaping the circulatory system is returned to the
subclavian veins
Which is NOT a function of blood?
synthesis of hormones
After the tertiary bronchi, the next smaller branch of the respiratory passageway is (are) the
terminal bronchioles
During the period of ventricular filling
the atria are in systole
The loudness of a person's voice depends upon
the force with which air rushes across the vocal folds
Nerve impulses from ____ stimulate inspiration
the medullary respiratory center
Select the CORRECT statement about the neural mechanisms of respiratory control
the pons is thought to be instrumental in the smooth transition from inspiration to expiration
In the spleen, which disposes of worn-out erythrocytes?
the red pulp
The pitch of a person's voice depends upon
the tension on the vocal folds
In the spleen, which consists mostly of reticular fibers and lymphocytes involved in immune functions?
the white pulp
The primary factor responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall is
there are no external openings to the pleural cavities
Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes?
they are nucleated
Which of the following is NOT an expected age-related change affecting the heart?
thinning of the valve flaps
Which lymphatic organ atrophies during adulthood?
thymus
Which lymphatic organ does NOT directly fight pathogens?
thymus
The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type l and type ll. The function of type ll is
to secrete surfactant
Which has mucus-making goblet cells and ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelial cells for sweeping mucus-entrapped particles away?
trachea
Functions of the lymphatic system include
transport of excess tissue fluid to the blood vascular system
Which tonsil surrounds the openings of the auditory tubes?
tubal, pharyngeal
Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium?
tunica intima
Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for adjusting blood pressure and adequate blood flow to all tissues?
tunica media
Which contains the most oxygenated blood in fetal circulation
umbilical veins
Which contains the most oxygenated blood in fetal circulation?
umbilical veins
The blood vessel type bringing blood from the lungs to the heart is a(n)
vein
The tricuspid valve is closed
when the right ventricle is in systole
The buffy coat of centrifuged blood consists mainly of
white blood cells and platelets
Jane has a reticulocyte count of 1%. This is
within normal range
James has a hemoglobin measurement of 16 g/100 ml blood. This is
within the normal range
