Bio 3 Quiz
glycerol
A fat molecule is composed of two types of smaller molecules :___________and fatty acids.
carboxyl group
A fatty acid consists of a _____________ and a long hydrocarbon chain.
nucleic acids
A flowers color is determined by the genetic instructions in its
as a component of animal cell membranes
A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role____________
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
A gene provides the directions to build a molecule of ____________________the genetic instructions it carries are then translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein.
on the inside of the folded chain, away from water
A hydrophobic amino acid R group would be found where in a protein?
they don't dissolve well in water
A major characteristic that all lipids have in common is
phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar
A nucleotide is composed of a(n) _____.
sugar-phosphate
A polynucleotide has a repeating ____________backbone.
third
A protein's alpha helices and beta sheets fold together to create an overall shape at the _____ level of protein structure.
polymer... glucose molecules
Cellulose is a _______________ made of many _________________
immune
Defensive proteins are manufactured by the _____ system.
lipids
Estrogen, cholesterol and other steroids are examples of
phosphate
Functional groups called _________ groups are often used to transfer energy between organic molecules
75
If a DNA double helix is 100 nucleotide pairs long and contains 25 adenine bases, how many guanine bases does it contain?
3'-TAAACG-5'
If a strand of DNA has the nitrogen base sequence 5'-ATTTGC-3', what will be the sequence of the matching strand?
secondary structure... hydrogen bonds
In some places the backbone of a protein molecule may twist or fold back on itself. This is called _____, and the coils or fold are held in place by _______
fourth
Large proteins, like DNA polymerase and hemoglobin, are often composed of several polypeptides that are linked together. The _____ level of protein structure describes how the polypeptides are joined to create a larger complex.
hydrophobic
Lipids are diverse compounds that are grouped together because they are
amino acid nucleotide simple sugar
Match the monomers with their polymers. Protein polymers are made up of___________monomers. Nucleic acid polymers are made up of____________monomers Carbohydrate polymers are made up of_____________monomers
may store hereditary information. may store energy. may protect cells.
Polymers that contain sugars ..
amino acids
Proteins are polymers of _____.
polynucleotide
RNA usually consists of a single_____________strand
Anabolic steroids can prevent bone growth.
Some athletes use anabolic steroids to build their body mass. Why is this considered a problematic practice, especially in adolescents?
peptide bonds
Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____
proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids
The four main categories of macromolecules in a cell are
saturated fatty
The hydrocarbon chains of __________ acids are not kinked, and thus pack closely together, making animal fats solid at room temperature.
phospholipids
The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _____.
-ose
The names of carbohydrates generally end in
amino acids
The primary structure of a protein is like the arrangement of beads on a string. In this analogy, the beads are _____.
hydrogen bonds
The secondary structure of a protein results from _____.
hydrogen bonds
The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by _____ that form between pairs of nitrogenous bases.
It consists of an amino group and a carboxyl group.
What does the term amino acid signify about the structure of the molecule?
It depends on the role of the amino acid that is altered. One amino acid might be replaced with no measurable effect on the protein's function; replacing another might cause a total loss of function.
What happens to the shape and function of a protein if one of the amino acids is replaced with a different type of amino acid?
dehydration
What is another name for a condensation reaction?
hydrolysis
What is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken?
peptide
What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure?
carbon
Which element is closely associated with the field of organic chemistry?
tertiary structure
Which of the following would be affected when a protein is denatured?
ovalbumin
Which of these does NOT contain a structural protein?
-NH2
Which of these functional groups is found in all amino acids?
RNA
Which of these is NOT a lipid?
cellulose
Which of these is a polysaccharide?
milk
Which of these is a source of lactose?
olive oil
Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats?
shape
Your body contains thousands of different types of proteins, each with a specific function. A protein's function is largely determined by its _____.
Glycogen
____________ is a polysaccharide found in animals
Steroids
_______________ are lipids with a structure consisting of four fused rings. Many sex hormones are made from this type of lipid.
Phospholipids
____________are composed of a phosphate group, a glycerol, and fatty acids.
Unsaturated fatty acids
___________have one or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains and are usually found in vegetable oils.
Phospholipids
_________are a major component of cell membranes. They form a bilayer with their hydrophobic tails mingling together and their hydrophilic heads facing the watery environment on both sides of the membrane.
maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis
glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____.
Cellulose
is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.
