Bio 3 Quiz

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glycerol

A fat molecule is composed of two types of smaller molecules :___________and fatty acids.

carboxyl group

A fatty acid consists of a _____________ and a long hydrocarbon chain.

nucleic acids

A flowers color is determined by the genetic instructions in its

as a component of animal cell membranes

A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role____________

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

A gene provides the directions to build a molecule of ____________________the genetic instructions it carries are then translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein.

on the inside of the folded chain, away from water

A hydrophobic amino acid R group would be found where in a protein?

they don't dissolve well in water

A major characteristic that all lipids have in common is

phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar

A nucleotide is composed of a(n) _____.

sugar-phosphate

A polynucleotide has a repeating ____________backbone.

third

A protein's alpha helices and beta sheets fold together to create an overall shape at the _____ level of protein structure.

polymer... glucose molecules

Cellulose is a _______________ made of many _________________

immune

Defensive proteins are manufactured by the _____ system.

lipids

Estrogen, cholesterol and other steroids are examples of

phosphate

Functional groups called _________ groups are often used to transfer energy between organic molecules

75

If a DNA double helix is 100 nucleotide pairs long and contains 25 adenine bases, how many guanine bases does it contain?

3'-TAAACG-5'

If a strand of DNA has the nitrogen base sequence 5'-ATTTGC-3', what will be the sequence of the matching strand?

secondary structure... hydrogen bonds

In some places the backbone of a protein molecule may twist or fold back on itself. This is called _____, and the coils or fold are held in place by _______

fourth

Large proteins, like DNA polymerase and hemoglobin, are often composed of several polypeptides that are linked together. The _____ level of protein structure describes how the polypeptides are joined to create a larger complex.

hydrophobic

Lipids are diverse compounds that are grouped together because they are

amino acid nucleotide simple sugar

Match the monomers with their polymers. Protein polymers are made up of___________monomers. Nucleic acid polymers are made up of____________monomers Carbohydrate polymers are made up of_____________monomers

may store hereditary information. may store energy. may protect cells.

Polymers that contain sugars ..

amino acids

Proteins are polymers of _____.

polynucleotide

RNA usually consists of a single_____________strand

Anabolic steroids can prevent bone growth.

Some athletes use anabolic steroids to build their body mass. Why is this considered a problematic practice, especially in adolescents?

peptide bonds

Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____

proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids

The four main categories of macromolecules in a cell are

saturated fatty

The hydrocarbon chains of __________ acids are not kinked, and thus pack closely together, making animal fats solid at room temperature.

phospholipids

The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _____.

-ose

The names of carbohydrates generally end in

amino acids

The primary structure of a protein is like the arrangement of beads on a string. In this analogy, the beads are _____.

hydrogen bonds

The secondary structure of a protein results from _____.

hydrogen bonds

The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by _____ that form between pairs of nitrogenous bases.

It consists of an amino group and a carboxyl group.

What does the term amino acid signify about the structure of the molecule?

It depends on the role of the amino acid that is altered. One amino acid might be replaced with no measurable effect on the protein's function; replacing another might cause a total loss of function.

What happens to the shape and function of a protein if one of the amino acids is replaced with a different type of amino acid?

dehydration

What is another name for a condensation reaction?

hydrolysis

What is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken?

peptide

What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure?

carbon

Which element is closely associated with the field of organic chemistry?

tertiary structure

Which of the following would be affected when a protein is denatured?

ovalbumin

Which of these does NOT contain a structural protein?

-NH2

Which of these functional groups is found in all amino acids?

RNA

Which of these is NOT a lipid?

cellulose

Which of these is a polysaccharide?

milk

Which of these is a source of lactose?

olive oil

Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats?

shape

Your body contains thousands of different types of proteins, each with a specific function. A protein's function is largely determined by its _____.

Glycogen

____________ is a polysaccharide found in animals

Steroids

_______________ are lipids with a structure consisting of four fused rings. Many sex hormones are made from this type of lipid.

Phospholipids

____________are composed of a phosphate group, a glycerol, and fatty acids.

Unsaturated fatty acids

___________have one or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains and are usually found in vegetable oils.

Phospholipids

_________are a major component of cell membranes. They form a bilayer with their hydrophobic tails mingling together and their hydrophilic heads facing the watery environment on both sides of the membrane.

maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis

glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____.

Cellulose

is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.


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