Bio 3
Methane versus carbon dioxide are very important greenhouse gases. However, methane can retain and release about____ times more heat than carbon dioxide.
30
Methane versus carbon dioxide are very important greenhouse gases. However, methane can retain and release about____times more heat than carbon dioxide.
30
Communities and their physical environment make up:
Ecosystems
Which of the following supergroups includes animals, and humans?
Opisthokonts
Prokaryotic cells can be defined by their metabolic abilities. A chemoheterotroph is an organism that uses______ for energy.
Organic material
The fossil record supports which model of speciation?
Punctuated equilibrium model
We experience ______ because the earth is tilted 23 degrees off its axis.
Seasons
How does climate change affect earth's oceans?
The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more acidic environment, leading to stress and the possible extinction of many species of shellfish and corals.
Which part of solar energy is important in photosynthesis?
The visible spectrum of light
Which statement best describes the number of evolutionary events?
There have been 5 major extinction events and the 6th is in progress.
Why do conservation groups focus their attention on biodiversity hotspots?
These spots have over half the world's plant species and 43% of all vertebrate species
Label the structure:
Thylakoid
Which of the following species belongs in the bony class of fish?
Trout
The use of wildlife corridors allows terrestrial species to move along their historical ranges and reduces the chances of inbreeding.
True
Which of the following describes the principal role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?
Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into chemical energy of sugars.
Which of the following statements about vertebrates is false?
Vertebrates have the lowest extinction rates
Black bread mold is found in the phylum:
Zygomycota
Fungi are saprophytic. This means they
absorb dead or decaying material for nutrients
Charles Darwin stated that species of finch evolved due to their different locations on the Galápagos islands. This is a type of______ speciation.
allopatric
The idea behind a wildlife corridor is to
allow safe movement of wildlife without human interference.
Which of the following does not describe the metabolic capabilities of a fungi?
autotrophic
Which greenhouse gas comes from refrigerants and spray propellants?
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Label the structure:
chloroplast
All the mass extinction events on the planet share what common cause?
climate change
Which of the following is the main factor that contributes to coral bleaching?
climate change
As habitats become patchy and fragmented, wildlife corridors:
connect otherwise isolated populations without exposure to human interference.
In the carbon cycle, the process of photosynthesis______ atmospheric image, and cellular respiration______ atmospheric image.
consumes; produces
Which of these terms would NOT be used to describe our species, Homo sapiens?
ectothermic
Which of the following events occurred first in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell?
formation of a nucleus and internal membranes
The symbiotic relationship between coral and algal partners may be preserved by
genetically engineering both to withstand higher water temperatures.
This graph, depicting both global temperatures and carbon dioxide levels, indicates that
global temperatures and carbon dioxide levels have tended to decrease, especially in the last 140 years
This graph, depicting both global temperatures and carbon dioxide levels, indicates that
global temperatures and carbon dioxide levels have tended to increase, especially in the last 140 years
The worldwide increase in average surface temperatures of Earth is called __________.
global warming
Which human impact has globally placed over 85% of species on the endangered species list?
habitat destruction
Which of the following is the single-greatest factor contributing to the extinction of a species?
habitat loss
Invertebrates are separated from vertebrates by not
having a backbone
According to the evidence of climate change, there has been an overall______ in ocean and land temperature, and an overall______ in ice formations.
increase; decrease
Since the 1950s, there has been a steady increase in the levels of atmospheric image as a result of
increased human activity.
Over the past several decades, the overall trend for earth's temperatures has been
increases in overall global temperatures at an accelerating rate, a phenomenon known as global warming.
Fifty percent of endangered species are threatened by the presence of______ because they have no defense mechanisms against this anthropogenic factor.
invasive species
The greenhouse effect
is caused by gases such as carbon dioxide trapping heat in the earth's atmosphere.
The current classification system used by biologists:
is updated and revised whenever new information becomes available.
Which of the following are greenhouse gases?
methane and carbon dioxide
When humans extract resources and food from the environment without sustainable practices, it's called _______. It means you're taking more from the wild than can be naturally replaced.
Overexploitation
Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between an organism, species, and population?
Populations are groups of organisms of the same species living in the same geographic area.
Species can be prevented from mating before fertilization ever occurs (before egg meets sperm). What is this mechanism called?
Prezygotic isolation
Which of the following minor contributing greenhouse gases are produced from agricultural practices such as the use of burning of fossil fuels and used in fertilizers?
nitrous oxides
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryote?
nucleus
The production of carbonic acid occurs as a result of increased carbon dioxide concentrations in which of the following?
oceans
Sunlight consists of a wave and a particle. The particle is also known as a(an)
photon
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill decreased the Atlantic bluefin tuna population by 70%. This is an example of a loss of diversity due to
pollution
There are two basic categories that prevent reproduction and therefore prevent speciation. If hybrid offspring survives but is sterile this is an example of
postzygotic isolation
Which of the following is not an example of a prezygotic isolation mechanism?
producing a sterile hybrid
Marine Protected Areas
provide habitat for endangered and commercially valuable species.
If two plants mate to produce a hybrid, and the hybrid is able to reproduce between other hybrids, this will result in a new species. This is an example of______ speciation.
sympatric
Climate can best be described as
the average weather patterns in a given area over long periods of time.
What were the two key events needed for the first cells to evolve?
the formation of the plasma membrane and genetic material
Coral bleaching is caused by
the rise of ocean temperature from climate change.
According to the biological species concept, what determines if two organisms are different species?
they are reproductively isolated from each other
The phylogenetic species concept separates species based on:
whether or not they share an evolutionary history
Which of the following is required for the formation of a fossil fuel? Select all that apply.
- High temperatures - Organic remains of plants and animals
Choose which of the following statements are INCORRECT regarding speciation. Select all that apply.
- In the punctuated equilibrium model, species arise regularly over time. - Sympatric speciation occurs due to geographical barriers.
You were looking under the microscope, and you have just discovered an undescribed, microscopic, non-photosynthetic, multicellular organism in a soil sample. You decide to study these cells to determine what they are. You have noted that they absorb nutrients from their environment and do not have true sexes. Based on these observations, these microorganisms are
A fungus
In the evolution of vertebrates, which feature allows for the development of vertebral column?
A notochord
Methane
All answer choices are correct. (releases more heat than carbon dioxide., is a greenhouse gas., is very rare.)
Plants
All answer choices are correct. (supply us with food and fuel., are used for medicines., are part of the carbon, water, nitrogen, and phosphorous cycles.)
Which of the following has been caused by anthropogenic events?
All answers are correct. (Climate change, habitat destruction, invasive species)
Carbon sinks are reservoirs that hold large amounts of carbon. Which of the following are considered to be carbon sinks?
All of the answer choices are correct
All animals
All of the answer choices are correct. (are diploid adults that produce haploid gametes for reproduction., are motile and ingest their food., lack cell walls)
Fossil fuels play a role in the carbon cycle
All of the answer choices are correct. ( by releasing image when it is burned, by containing the remains of organic material, by being a source of coal, oil, and natural gas.)
Choose the group of vertebrates that is best described as being exothermic, with a three-chambered heart and tied to reproduction in a water environment.
Amphibians
Which of the two domains are mostly closely related to one another?
Archaea and Eukarya
Which group of prokaryotes are considered to be more closely related to eukaryotes and often live in extreme environments?
Archeans
The success of which of the following is associated with the evolution of jointed legs?
Arthropods
Natural levels of extinction, which occur at an approximate rate of 0.1-2 species lost/million of species/year, are called what?
Background extinction rates
Which of the following is the oldest group of organisms on the planet?
Bacteria
Which statement accurately describes the term biodiversity?
Biodiversity determines the number, variety, and variability of all species in a given area.
The morphological species concept separates species based on:
Differences in physical traits
In which of the following processes does atmospheric carbon get combined with energy to form carbohydrates?
Calvin Cycle
Because fossil fuels are the remains of once living organisms, they contain reservoirs of ______ that are released into the atmosphere when they are burned.
Carbon
Kingdom Animalia is a branch on the eukaryotic tree that contains multicellular, heterotrophic organisms. Characteristics unique to this kingdom are the fact that they ingest their food and their cells lack _______.
Cell walls
In the carbon cycle, where does atmospheric carbon dioxide get combined with energy to form carbohydrates?
Chloroplasts
Which of the following terms refers to the anthropogenic changes in the normal cycle of Earth's climate due to an imbalance of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere?
Climate change
According to this figure, the extent of Arctice Sea ice is ____, on average.
Decreasing
The decline of tropical rainforests is due primarily to:
Deforestation
The presence of vascular tissue allowed this group of plants to be the first group to more efficiently transport water and nutrients.
Ferns
As global temperatures increase, which of the following scenarios are most likely to happen?
Glaciers and snow coverage decrease.
Charles Darwin observed multiple species of finch on the Galápagos islands. He proposed they adapted over time to different habitats of the islands. This is an example of the______ model of speciation.
Gradualistic
Label the structure:
Grana
In comparison to past statistics, the consensus among the scientific community is that extinction rates are currently high. Which of the following is the most plausible explanation for causing this recent extinction crisis?
Human activities that involve altering habitats, changes in sea levels, and changes in weather patterns on a global scale are causing mass extinctions.
Based on projections made by scientists studying climate change, if human activities continue to impact climate at the same rates as today, what will most likely be the future of the level of biological organization in ecosystems across the planet?
Human activities will have serious impacts on climate and on the levels of biological organization in ecosystems across the planet.
Which of the following is the most likely cause for the sudden sharp increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels?
Human activities, including the use of fossil fuels, changes in agricultural practices, and deforestation
We are currently in the 6th mass extinction. What is causing this extinction?
Human-induced climate change
Which of the following is not directly associated with an increase in global temperatures?
Increases in the frequency of tornadoes
What is a species that is not native to a specific ecosystem called?
Invasive species
Why is ocean acidification problematic for some marine life?
It decreases the amount of carbonate in the oceans, making the creation of shells and other hard structures difficult for marine life.
What is unique about the Sixth Mass Extinction Event?
It is caused by human activity
Of the choices below, which represents the most general classification (most inclusive)?
Kingdom
Species are identified by a two-part ________ name.
Latin
Label the structure:
Mesophyll cell
The major sources of this greenhouse gas are agriculture and the decay of organic material.
Methane
In 2020, a new epoch to reflect human-induced changes to the planet was named. What is this new epoch called?
The Anthropocene
Which of the following carbon reservoirs do members of the biosphere exchange carbon with regularly?
The atmosphere
Which of the following levels of biological organization represents the sum of all of the locations where life may be found on the planet?
The biosphere
Which of the following best describes the relationship between climate change and global warming?
The increase in temperature is one aspect of climate change and can result in the increased temperature of the planet, which is known as global warming.
Of the total number of identified species, approximately how many of these are plants?
391,000
Carbon atoms contain _______ electrons in the outermost shell, which interact with other elements to form chemical bonds.
4
Over the past 30 years, the arthropod population had declined by approximately
25%
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the element carbon? Select all that apply.
- It forms long chains called hydrocarbons. - It is absorbed from the atmosphere via the process of photosynthesis in plants. - It is involved in the formation of organic molecules.
In order to be considered a biodiversity hotspot, an area needs to meet what technical criteria? Select all that apply.
- Must have less than 30% of its original vegetation remaining - Must have at least 1500 native vascular plant species
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the archaeans? Select all that apply.
- They appear more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria. - Some have the ability to live in environments that are completely free of oxygen.
New species form as a result of ________. Select all that apply
- an organism from one population no longer recognizing another organism as a potential mate - two populations becoming geographically isolated from one another
To capture energy at wavelengths in the visible spectrum of life, photosynthetic organisms use pigments. Which of the following are pigments used by photosynthetic organisms? Select all that apply.
- chlorophyll - carotenoids
Which of the following are considered to be greenhouse gases? Select all that apply.
- methane - carbon dioxide - water vapor
The inputs to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis include which of the following? Select all that apply.
- water - sunlight
Ocean acidification is an effect of climate change. It is estimated that by 2050, only ______ of coral will be able to survive, which will increase the number of threatened fish species.
15%
Currently, scientists estimate there are approximately______ known species on the planet.
2 million
Even though there are alternate energy sources, fossil fuels are used for approximately______ of the United States energy needs.
80%
Which statement below best summarizes the overall purpose of the light-dependent reactions?
The light-dependent reactions capture the energy from the sun and transfer it to high-energy molecules.
