Bio 3

Methane versus carbon dioxide are very important greenhouse gases. However, methane can retain and release about____ times more heat than carbon dioxide.

30

Methane versus carbon dioxide are very important greenhouse gases. However, methane can retain and release about____times more heat than carbon dioxide.

30

Communities and their physical environment make up:

Ecosystems

Which of the following supergroups includes animals, and humans?

Opisthokonts

Prokaryotic cells can be defined by their metabolic abilities. A chemoheterotroph is an organism that uses______ for energy.

Organic material

The fossil record supports which model of speciation?

Punctuated equilibrium model

We experience ______ because the earth is tilted 23 degrees off its axis.

Seasons

How does climate change affect earth's oceans?

The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more acidic environment, leading to stress and the possible extinction of many species of shellfish and corals.

Which part of solar energy is important in photosynthesis?

The visible spectrum of light

Which statement best describes the number of evolutionary events?

There have been 5 major extinction events and the 6th is in progress.

Why do conservation groups focus their attention on biodiversity hotspots?

These spots have over half the world's plant species and 43% of all vertebrate species

Label the structure:

Thylakoid

Which of the following species belongs in the bony class of fish?

Trout

The use of wildlife corridors allows terrestrial species to move along their historical ranges and reduces the chances of inbreeding.

True

Which of the following describes the principal role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?

Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into chemical energy of sugars.

Which of the following statements about vertebrates is false?

Vertebrates have the lowest extinction rates

Black bread mold is found in the phylum:

Zygomycota

Fungi are saprophytic. This means they

absorb dead or decaying material for nutrients

Charles Darwin stated that species of finch evolved due to their different locations on the Galápagos islands. This is a type of______ speciation.

allopatric

The idea behind a wildlife corridor is to

allow safe movement of wildlife without human interference.

Which of the following does not describe the metabolic capabilities of a fungi?

autotrophic

Which greenhouse gas comes from refrigerants and spray propellants?

chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Label the structure:

chloroplast

All the mass extinction events on the planet share what common cause?

climate change

Which of the following is the main factor that contributes to coral bleaching?

climate change

As habitats become patchy and fragmented, wildlife corridors:

connect otherwise isolated populations without exposure to human interference.

In the carbon cycle, the process of photosynthesis______ atmospheric image, and cellular respiration______ atmospheric image.

consumes; produces

Which of these terms would NOT be used to describe our species, Homo sapiens?

ectothermic

Which of the following events occurred first in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell?

formation of a nucleus and internal membranes

The symbiotic relationship between coral and algal partners may be preserved by

genetically engineering both to withstand higher water temperatures.

This graph, depicting both global temperatures and carbon dioxide levels, indicates that

global temperatures and carbon dioxide levels have tended to decrease, especially in the last 140 years

This graph, depicting both global temperatures and carbon dioxide levels, indicates that

global temperatures and carbon dioxide levels have tended to increase, especially in the last 140 years

The worldwide increase in average surface temperatures of Earth is called __________.

global warming

Which human impact has globally placed over 85% of species on the endangered species list?

habitat destruction

Which of the following is the single-greatest factor contributing to the extinction of a species?

habitat loss

Invertebrates are separated from vertebrates by not

having a backbone

According to the evidence of climate change, there has been an overall______ in ocean and land temperature, and an overall______ in ice formations.

increase; decrease

Since the 1950s, there has been a steady increase in the levels of atmospheric image as a result of

increased human activity.

Over the past several decades, the overall trend for earth's temperatures has been

increases in overall global temperatures at an accelerating rate, a phenomenon known as global warming.

Fifty percent of endangered species are threatened by the presence of______ because they have no defense mechanisms against this anthropogenic factor.

invasive species

The greenhouse effect

is caused by gases such as carbon dioxide trapping heat in the earth's atmosphere.

The current classification system used by biologists:

is updated and revised whenever new information becomes available.

Which of the following are greenhouse gases?

methane and carbon dioxide

When humans extract resources and food from the environment without sustainable practices, it's called _______. It means you're taking more from the wild than can be naturally replaced.

Overexploitation

Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between an organism, species, and population?

Populations are groups of organisms of the same species living in the same geographic area.

Species can be prevented from mating before fertilization ever occurs (before egg meets sperm). What is this mechanism called?

Prezygotic isolation

Which of the following minor contributing greenhouse gases are produced from agricultural practices such as the use of burning of fossil fuels and used in fertilizers?

nitrous oxides

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryote?

nucleus

The production of carbonic acid occurs as a result of increased carbon dioxide concentrations in which of the following?

oceans

Sunlight consists of a wave and a particle. The particle is also known as a(an)

photon

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill decreased the Atlantic bluefin tuna population by 70%. This is an example of a loss of diversity due to

pollution

There are two basic categories that prevent reproduction and therefore prevent speciation. If hybrid offspring survives but is sterile this is an example of

postzygotic isolation

Which of the following is not an example of a prezygotic isolation mechanism?

producing a sterile hybrid

Marine Protected Areas

provide habitat for endangered and commercially valuable species.

If two plants mate to produce a hybrid, and the hybrid is able to reproduce between other hybrids, this will result in a new species. This is an example of______ speciation.

sympatric

Climate can best be described as

the average weather patterns in a given area over long periods of time.

What were the two key events needed for the first cells to evolve?

the formation of the plasma membrane and genetic material

Coral bleaching is caused by

the rise of ocean temperature from climate change.

According to the biological species concept, what determines if two organisms are different species?

they are reproductively isolated from each other

The phylogenetic species concept separates species based on:

whether or not they share an evolutionary history

Which of the following is required for the formation of a fossil fuel? Select all that apply.

- High temperatures - Organic remains of plants and animals

Choose which of the following statements are INCORRECT regarding speciation. Select all that apply.

- In the punctuated equilibrium model, species arise regularly over time. - Sympatric speciation occurs due to geographical barriers.

You were looking under the microscope, and you have just discovered an undescribed, microscopic, non-photosynthetic, multicellular organism in a soil sample. You decide to study these cells to determine what they are. You have noted that they absorb nutrients from their environment and do not have true sexes. Based on these observations, these microorganisms are

A fungus

In the evolution of vertebrates, which feature allows for the development of vertebral column?

A notochord

Methane

All answer choices are correct. (releases more heat than carbon dioxide., is a greenhouse gas., is very rare.)

Plants

All answer choices are correct. (supply us with food and fuel., are used for medicines., are part of the carbon, water, nitrogen, and phosphorous cycles.)

Which of the following has been caused by anthropogenic events?

All answers are correct. (Climate change, habitat destruction, invasive species)

Carbon sinks are reservoirs that hold large amounts of carbon. Which of the following are considered to be carbon sinks?

All of the answer choices are correct

All animals

All of the answer choices are correct. (are diploid adults that produce haploid gametes for reproduction., are motile and ingest their food., lack cell walls)

Fossil fuels play a role in the carbon cycle

All of the answer choices are correct. ( by releasing image when it is burned, by containing the remains of organic material, by being a source of coal, oil, and natural gas.)

Choose the group of vertebrates that is best described as being exothermic, with a three-chambered heart and tied to reproduction in a water environment.

Amphibians

Which of the two domains are mostly closely related to one another?

Archaea and Eukarya

Which group of prokaryotes are considered to be more closely related to eukaryotes and often live in extreme environments?

Archeans

The success of which of the following is associated with the evolution of jointed legs?

Arthropods

Natural levels of extinction, which occur at an approximate rate of 0.1-2 species lost/million of species/year, are called what?

Background extinction rates

Which of the following is the oldest group of organisms on the planet?

Bacteria

Which statement accurately describes the term biodiversity?

Biodiversity determines the number, variety, and variability of all species in a given area.

The morphological species concept separates species based on:

Differences in physical traits

In which of the following processes does atmospheric carbon get combined with energy to form carbohydrates?

Calvin Cycle

Because fossil fuels are the remains of once living organisms, they contain reservoirs of ______ that are released into the atmosphere when they are burned.

Carbon

Kingdom Animalia is a branch on the eukaryotic tree that contains multicellular, heterotrophic organisms. Characteristics unique to this kingdom are the fact that they ingest their food and their cells lack _______.

Cell walls

In the carbon cycle, where does atmospheric carbon dioxide get combined with energy to form carbohydrates?

Chloroplasts

Which of the following terms refers to the anthropogenic changes in the normal cycle of Earth's climate due to an imbalance of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere?

Climate change

According to this figure, the extent of Arctice Sea ice is ____, on average.

Decreasing

The decline of tropical rainforests is due primarily to:

Deforestation

The presence of vascular tissue allowed this group of plants to be the first group to more efficiently transport water and nutrients.

Ferns

As global temperatures increase, which of the following scenarios are most likely to happen?

Glaciers and snow coverage decrease.

Charles Darwin observed multiple species of finch on the Galápagos islands. He proposed they adapted over time to different habitats of the islands. This is an example of the______ model of speciation.

Gradualistic

Label the structure:

Grana

In comparison to past statistics, the consensus among the scientific community is that extinction rates are currently high. Which of the following is the most plausible explanation for causing this recent extinction crisis?

Human activities that involve altering habitats, changes in sea levels, and changes in weather patterns on a global scale are causing mass extinctions.

Based on projections made by scientists studying climate change, if human activities continue to impact climate at the same rates as today, what will most likely be the future of the level of biological organization in ecosystems across the planet?

Human activities will have serious impacts on climate and on the levels of biological organization in ecosystems across the planet.

Which of the following is the most likely cause for the sudden sharp increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels?

Human activities, including the use of fossil fuels, changes in agricultural practices, and deforestation

We are currently in the 6th mass extinction. What is causing this extinction?

Human-induced climate change

Which of the following is not directly associated with an increase in global temperatures?

Increases in the frequency of tornadoes

What is a species that is not native to a specific ecosystem called?

Invasive species

Why is ocean acidification problematic for some marine life?

It decreases the amount of carbonate in the oceans, making the creation of shells and other hard structures difficult for marine life.

What is unique about the Sixth Mass Extinction Event?

It is caused by human activity

Of the choices below, which represents the most general classification (most inclusive)?

Kingdom

Species are identified by a two-part ________ name.

Latin

Label the structure:

Mesophyll cell

The major sources of this greenhouse gas are agriculture and the decay of organic material.

Methane

In 2020, a new epoch to reflect human-induced changes to the planet was named. What is this new epoch called?

The Anthropocene

Which of the following carbon reservoirs do members of the biosphere exchange carbon with regularly?

The atmosphere

Which of the following levels of biological organization represents the sum of all of the locations where life may be found on the planet?

The biosphere

Which of the following best describes the relationship between climate change and global warming?

The increase in temperature is one aspect of climate change and can result in the increased temperature of the planet, which is known as global warming.

Of the total number of identified species, approximately how many of these are plants?

391,000

Carbon atoms contain _______ electrons in the outermost shell, which interact with other elements to form chemical bonds.

4

Over the past 30 years, the arthropod population had declined by approximately

25%

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the element carbon? Select all that apply.

- It forms long chains called hydrocarbons. - It is absorbed from the atmosphere via the process of photosynthesis in plants. - It is involved in the formation of organic molecules.

In order to be considered a biodiversity hotspot, an area needs to meet what technical criteria? Select all that apply.

- Must have less than 30% of its original vegetation remaining - Must have at least 1500 native vascular plant species

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the archaeans? Select all that apply.

- They appear more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria. - Some have the ability to live in environments that are completely free of oxygen.

New species form as a result of ________. Select all that apply

- an organism from one population no longer recognizing another organism as a potential mate - two populations becoming geographically isolated from one another

To capture energy at wavelengths in the visible spectrum of life, photosynthetic organisms use pigments. Which of the following are pigments used by photosynthetic organisms? Select all that apply.

- chlorophyll - carotenoids

Which of the following are considered to be greenhouse gases? Select all that apply.

- methane - carbon dioxide - water vapor

The inputs to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis include which of the following? Select all that apply.

- water - sunlight

Ocean acidification is an effect of climate change. It is estimated that by 2050, only ______ of coral will be able to survive, which will increase the number of threatened fish species.

15%

Currently, scientists estimate there are approximately______ known species on the planet.

2 million

Even though there are alternate energy sources, fossil fuels are used for approximately______ of the United States energy needs.

80%

Which statement below best summarizes the overall purpose of the light-dependent reactions?

The light-dependent reactions capture the energy from the sun and transfer it to high-energy molecules.