BIO 4 Test
The centromere is a region in which
chromatids of a duplicated chromosome are attached to one another and where the DNA is pinched in a bit.
AB blood type in humans is an example of
codominance
Binary fission uses a spindle (network of microtubules made by centrosomes) for separation of daughter chromosomes, just as in mitosis.
false
Crossing over occurs during anaphase I.
false
DNA is replicated between meiosis I and meiosis II.
false
DNA replication occurs in the last stage of interphase just before mitosis.
false
During prophase II the association between members of a bivalent is disrupted and they separate.
false
Genes on the same chromosome are inherited separately.
false
If DNA is damaged it is ok for the cell to proceed from the S phase to G2 phase of the cell cycle.
false
If a cell contains 12 chromatids at the end of S phase, each of the daughter cells at the end of meiosis II will contain 6 chromosomes.
false
In meiosis the daughter cells are genetically identical.
false
Sex linked disorders affect males and females equally
false
Tetrads are arranged along the equator during metaphase II.
false
The Blending Hypothesis stated that traits mix together like paint and can not be separated. This explains how traits that disappear in one generation can reappear in later ones.
false
The centromere holds the homologous chromosomes together in meiosis II.
false
The haploid (n) number of chromosomes is found in nearly all body cells of humans and most other animals.
false
The microtubule spindle apparatus originates from the plasma membrane.
false
The overall function of meiosis is growth of the overall individual.
false
The replication of DNA and the duplication of genes occurs during mitosis.
false
The replication of DNA occurs twice during meiosis.
false
There is only one division in meiosis.
false
During which phase(s) of mitosis do we find chromosomes composed of two chromatids (duplicated chromosome)?
from G2 of interphase through metaphase
An organism who inherits two identical alleles for a gene is said to be _______ for that gene.
homozygous
Chromosomes are aligned along the cell's equator during
metaphase.
If for each gene there are two alleles but there are more than two possible alleles in the wider population we call this
multiple alleles
Skin color in humans is an example of
polygenic inheritance
Which of the following does not occur during mitosis?
replication of the DNA
Asexual reproduction requires __________ individual(s).
1
If you crossed a true breeding red snap dragon with a true breeding white snap dragon what percent of the offspring would be pink?
100%
Perform a dihybrid cross of the following and then choose the correct phenotypic ratio. Purple flowered tall plants (PPTT) x white flowered dwarf plants (pptt).
1:0:0:0
Both Mr. and Mrs. Smith are carriers for deafness. What are the chances of their offspring being deaf?
25%
oth Mr. and Mrs. Smith are carriers for deafness. What are the chances that their offspring will also be a carrier?
50%
The hybrid offspring of true -breeding parental plants is called the
F1 generation
A particular cell has not replicated its DNA yet. The cell in question is most likely in
G1
What does hh denote?
Homozygous recessive
If for every gene you have two alleles, one you inherited from each parent, which of the following laws explains how sperm and egg carries only one allele for each trait? And that at fertilization each contributes its allele restoring the normal paired allele to the offspring
Law of segregation
How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis compare with their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle?
The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA.
A microtubule organizing center (centrosome) is located at each pole of the dividing cell in both plants and animals.
True
The alternative versions of a gene are called
alleles
Which of the following organisms does not use mitosis to make another cell?
bacterium
In some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis occurring. This will result in
cells with more than one nucleus
Where do the microtubules of the spindle originate during mitosis in both plant and animal cells?
centrosome
Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance in humans?
skin color
The genetic material is duplicated during
the S phase.
All of the following occur during mitosis except
the synthesis of DNA.
A 'true-breeding' plant is a variety that when self-fertilized, an offspring is produced that is identical to one another and to the parent.
true
Alignment of the chromosomes during metaphase I leads to variation of genetic material.
true
Another name for a tetrad is a bivalent.
true
Brain cells (neurons) are constantly in G0 phase of interphase. This means that they are not able to regenerate after injury.
true
Cell division in eukaryotes involves separate processes called mitosis and cytokinesis.
true
Contact inhibition stops normal cells from dividing when they come in contact with neighboring cells, but this is not functional in cancer cells.
true
For each characteristic, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent.
true
Genetics as well as the environment affect characteristics.
true
Homologue separation occurs during anaphase I of meiosis.
true
In meiosis, chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell by spindle fibers.
true
Meiosis leads to gametogenesis, oogenesis, and spermatogenesis.
true
Spindle fibers connect to the Kinetochore fibers meiosis.
true
The chromosome tetrads are located at the metaphase plate during metaphase I.
true
Viruses and chemical exposure can cause mutations in proto-oncogenes which can lead to cancer.
true
With incomplete dominance the offspring will have an intermediate phenotype.
true
