BIO 40 Final Exam Study Guide
Ways to sequester CO2 include all of the following except planting more trees. using single celled organisms to convert it to methane. increase cultivation of plants that remove carbon dioxide from the air and put it in the soil. increase the production of phytoplankton in the ocean pump it deep underground.
. using single celled organisms to convert it to methane.
The general public perceives a greater risk of hazards than the experts when the hazards are relatively familiar and simple (example: driving a car.) are not under our personal control (example: plane crash.) are viewed as pleasurable (example: eating excessive high fat foods.) involve a large number of deaths spread out over a long period of time rather than deaths from a single catastrophic accident (smoking vs. hurricane) all of the above.
..are not under our personal control (example: plane crash.)
The Delta smelt is a keystone species because their decline is directly affecting the abundance of zooplankton an indicator species because their decline indicates a problem with water quality a primary producer because their decomposing bodies are crucial to the nutrient composition of the delta a non-native species because they were imported on boats but adapted to life in the delta an anadramous fish because they live part of their life in the ocean and part in the delta
an indicator species because their decline indicates a problem with water quality
The invasive clam, Corbula amurensis, which was introduced to the Delta was able to survive and take over because It's genes mutated in response to the now salty Delta water it already had genetic traits that gave it a reproductive advantage in the current Delta environment it was able to cross breed with the natural population of clams toxins in the water caused mutations that changed the gene for toxin resistance al of these
it already had genetic traits that gave it a reproductive advantage in the current Delta environment
The largest contributor to the ecological footprint of most individuals in affluent nations is vacations via air travel residential heating purchasing more clothing and accessories than are needed meat production and consumption single use plastics
meat production and consumption
All of these are likely in a warmer world, EXCEPT decreased food production. reductions in biodiversity. a rise in sea level. more moderate weather. spread of tropical diseases.
more moderate weather.
Energy can be formally defined as the ability to do work or transfer heat. Examples of energy therefore include The chemical bonds in a molecule of glucose mechanical energy to propel a car Electrons moving through a battery Visible light for the process of photosynthesis All of these
All of these
Which of these statements about the Paris Accord Agreement is TRUE? Developing countries will get monetary support from developed countries for programs to reduce carbon emissions Requires participating developed countries to cut carbon emissions below 1990 values or pay a fine Is designed to curb only carbon dioxide emissions The U.S. has agreed to its terms All of the above
Developing countries will get monetary support from developed countries for programs to reduce carbon emissions
You are an aquatic biologist studying a small lake. The stream that drains into this lake runs by croplands. You are detecting a pesticide called atrazine in the insects and worms that live in the lake. The predatory birds such as herons and egrets have very high concentrations of atrazine in their blood. The birds prey on the frogs and small fish. What process explains the high atrazine level in the birds? antagonistic interaction persistence chronic effect trophic cascade biological magnification
biological magnification
All of these are in the top 5 most toxic chemicals in terms of human health and the environment EXCEPT mercury lead arsenic bisphenol A (BPA) polyvinyl chloride
bisphenol A (BPA)
If a compound is organic you can be sure it contains carbon living material oxygen DNA nitrates
carbon
Organic compounds include all of the following except ethanol (C2H5OH) hydrocarbons (CH4). chlorinated hydrocarbons (C14H9Cl5). carbohydrates (C6H12O6). carbon dioxide (CO2).
carbon dioxide
The US Clean Air Acts of 1970, 1977, 1990 established air quality standards for all of the following air pollutants EXCEPT carbon monoxide sulfur dioxide carbon dioxide nitrogen dioxide ozone
carbon dioxide
The two predominant greenhouse gases in the troposphere are carbon dioxide and ozone. carbon dioxide and water vapor. nitrogen and water vapor. nitrous oxide and sulfur dioxide. ozone and nitrogen.
carbon dioxide and water vapor.
The hole in the ozone is caused by Reduced incoming UV radiation so oxygen cannot form ozone. chloroflurocarbons which break down ozone (O3) to oxygen (O + O2) green house gases like methane which re-radiate heat energy to break down ozone UV rays which break down ozone car exhaust which creates ground level (or bad) ozone which then travels to the stratosphere
chloroflurocarbons which break down ozone (O3) to oxygen (O + O2)
The most serious water problem in the Western United States compared to the Eastern United States is occasional urban shortages. water pollution. chronic drought and insufficient runoff caused by low precipitation. flooding. lack of water for industry.
chronic drought and insufficient runoff caused by low precipitation.
The largest majority of mercury pollution comes from CFL lightbulbs the fish we eat coal burning plants paint chips high fructose corn syrup
coal burning plants
All of the following are potentially renewable resources except a) groundwater b) trees in a forest c) fertile soil d) oil e)animals
d) oil
Organisms that complete the final breakdown of organic materials and recycle nutrients to the soil, water and air are known as autotrophs detritus feeders decomposers scavengers omnivores
decomposers
The 1997 Kyoto treaty to reduce global warming included participation by China and India. did not include participation by the United States. required participating countries to reduce their green house gases by 10% by 2010. includes emissions trading permits for developing countries. all of these answers.
did not include participation by the United States.
A sustainable society a)manages its economy and population size without doing irreparable environmental harm b) satisfies the needs of its people without depleting Earth capital c) protects the prospects of future generations of humans and other species d) Protects natural capital and lives off its income e) all of the above
e) all of the above
hich of the following includes all of the others? species population community organism ecosystem
ecosystem
Which of the following types of agriculture is most characteristic of developed countries? subsistence agriculture traditional agriculture industrialized agriculture polyculture agriculture maximum-tillage agriculture
industrialized agriculture
In the western United States, the largest use for water is irrigation energy production. cooling. manufacturing. transportation.
irrigation
One of arguments against cap and trade is it doesn't allow for full cost pricing it will reduce the nation's GDP it has never been used successfully to reduce a pollutant it allows companies to buy their way out of polluting. it is a pollution prevention approach
it allows companies to buy their way out of polluting.
Which of the following infectious diseases is not among the four most deadly? pneumonia measles tuberculosis influenza AIDS
measles
Photochemical smog is formed when primary pollutants interact with sunlight. water vapor. sulfur dioxide. oxygen. carbon.
sunlight
Approximately ____% of the Earth's water is fresh rather than salt water. 0.024 1.5 3 30 70
3
Which of the following statements is FALSE? The U.S. Clean Air Act instituted a cap and trade program to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions A revision of the U.S. Clean Air Act is establishing a Cap and Trade program to curb carbon dioxide emissions. The U.S. Clean Air Act doesn't effectively deal with indoor air pollutants CFCs were banned through an international agreement known as the Montreal Protocol. The U.S. did not ratify the Kyoto Protocol.
A revision of the U.S. Clean Air Act is establishing a Cap and Trade program to curb carbon dioxide emissions.
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic lessons from nature? Sunlight is the source of energy that sustains ecosystems. Soil, water, air, and organisms are renewed through natural processes. Energy is required to maintain energy flow and recycle chemicals. All populations of organisms except humans are kept in check by natural means. There are always limits to population growth and resource consumption.
All populations of organisms except humans are kept in check by natural means.
Caffeine has an LD50 of 200mg/kg while Lysol has an LD50 of 3450mg/kg. Which one is more toxic? Lysol because the higher the LD50 the more toxic it is Caffeine because the lower the LD50, the less it takes to be lethal You can't tell unless you have a dose response curve LD50 only tells you what it takes to kill half a population of test animals and doesn't relate to the toxicity in humans Caffeine is not a toxic substance
Caffeine because the lower the LD50, the less it takes to be lethal
Which of the following best represents the process of photosynthesis? Carbon dioxide + Glucose + Solar Energy ----->Water + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + Solar Energy------> Glucose + Oxygen Oxygen + Glucose + Solar Energy ------> Carbon dioxide + Water Oxygen + Glucose -------> Solar Energy + Carbon dioxide + Water Carbon dioxide + Water -----> Solar Energy + Glucose + Oxygen
Carbon dioxide + Water + Solar Energy------> Glucose + Oxygen
If Garrett Hardin was alive today he would say the Delta water crisis exemplifies the concept of the Tragedy of Commons because We are choosing a technical solution (water diversion tunnels) to solve this common problem. Each stakeholder's pursuit of their rights to withdraw water from the Delta has degraded the Delta ecosystem for all. The tragedy is that "the most rapidly growing populations on earth today are ( in general) the most miserable." A finite world can support a growing population as long as each person pays for their fair share. Consumerism has abducted sustainability
Each stakeholder's pursuit of their rights to withdraw water from the Delta has degraded the Delta ecosystem for all.
When energy changes from one form to another, it Goes from a less useful to a more useful form. Goes from a more useful to a less useful form. Maintains the same degree of usefulness. Could become more or less useful, depending on the original type of energy. The usefulness of energy is not altered when it changes from one form to another.
Goes from a more useful to a less useful form.
Why does Joel Salatin of Polyface Farms consider himself a grass farmer? He feeds his cows genetically modified corn, and corn is a type of grass. He only grows hay which he uses to feed cows at a neighboring farm. Grass forms the basis of his food chain on his farm. His free-range chickens are herbivores which capture energy from the grass they eat. He has clear cut his ranch so that he can raise grass-fed cows.
Grass forms the basis of his food chain on his farm.
Plastic materials are a problem because they can harm animals that swallow them or get tangled in them. they do not readily decompose in landfills they are unnecessarily and excessively used as single use and throw-away packaging. The chemicals used to soften or harden plastics mimic human hormones. all of the above.
all of the above.
Agriculture as it is currently practiced in developed countries can cause human illness from drinking groundwater polluted by nitrates loss of genetic diversity through habitat degradation contamination of recreational waters with livestock wastes soil erosion all of these
all of these
Shifting to a low-throughput (low waste) economy requires using and wasting less matter using and wasting less energy recycling and reusing most matter resources controlling human population all of these
all of these
All of the following are known risks of genetically modified food crops EXCEPT an increased chance of cancer in humans development of weeds with resistance to glyphosate, the ingredient in RoundUp. Corn rootworm that are resistant to Bt corn. decrease in biodiversity No exceptions, there is evidence that all of these are risks of genetically modified food crops
an increased chance of cancer in humans
An example of the second law of thermodynamics (aka energy law) is 80% of the high-quality chemical energy in gasoline burned in automobiles is converted into mechanical energy to move the car. most of the chemical energy in the food we eat is given off as waste heat. an incandescent light bulb gives off more heat than a compact fluorescent. recycling aluminum. 100% of the kinetic energy in water is converted into electrical energy in a hydroelectric plant.
most of the chemical energy in the food we eat is given off as waste heat.
Compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) must be taken to hazardous waste disposal because they contain mercury can be disposed of in the trash are better for the environment because they are less toxic than incandescent light bulbs are banned in most developed countries except the U.S. because they contain hazardous chemicals all of these answers.
must be taken to hazardous waste disposal because they contain mercury
The relationship between clownfish and sea anemones is competition. predation. parasitism. mutualism. commensalism.
mutualism
The degradation of the Sacramento Delta is caused by all of these EXCEPT population growth Exporting water to senior water right holders at amounts higher than what can be naturally replenished. diverting water for urban use. pumping water to San Joaquin Valley farmers. overfishing the delta smelt
overfishing the delta smelt
Nitrates and phosphates are examples of disease-causing agents oxygen-demanding wastes insecticides plant nutrients sediment
plant nutrients
Of the following materials, the most difficult to recycle is glass. plastic. paper. cardboard. aluminum.
plastic
A grizzly bear eating blueberries is best categorized as which of the following? producer primary consumer tertiary consumer detritivore decomposer
primary consumer
Sustainable agriculture is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT promoting monoculture reduced amounts of fossil fuels conserving and building topsoil lack of use of many artificial chemicals promoting polyculture practices
promoting monoculture
Environmentalists would encourage which of the following pollution prevention strategies? burying aluminum cans in the landfills because they are a heavy metal. burning aluminum cans in the incinerators to create energy. recycling aluminum can. replacing aluminum cans with refillable bottles. creating subsidies for manufacturers that use less aluminum in their cans.
replacing aluminum cans with refillable bottles.
An individual can reduce his or her water use and waste by watering their lawn in the late morning. replacing their lawn with drought tolerant native plants. using ground water for washing cars. taking baths instead of showers. never using a commercial car wash.
replacing their lawn with drought tolerant native plants.
Recycling paper as opposed to making paper from virgin materials saves energy. increases water and air pollution. eliminates jobs. increases production costs. all of these answers.
saves energy.
Prevention approaches to global warming include all of the following EXCEPT switching to sustainable agriculture. reducing deforestation. slowing population growth. improving energy efficiency. shift to nonrenewable resources.
shift to nonrenewable resources.
Most atmospheric emissions of dioxins in the United States are released by sanitary landfills. paper mills. solid-waste incinerators. refrigerator manufacturers. deep underground wells.
solid-waste incinerators.
Acid rain is caused by ozone in the troposphere sulfur dioxide from coal burning power plants Volatile organic compounds like methane from feedlots which photoreact with UV radiation. acidification of the ocean when excess carbon dioxide dissolves in it. all of these answers.
sulfur dioxide from coal burning power plants
Which of the following is an example of a BIOTIC factor that would impact a population of delta smelt? the density of the population of zooplankton the water salinity the water level exposure to toxic herbicides all of the above
the density of the population of zooplankton
Which of the following is an example of a lower quality energy form? the electricity that runs your household appliances the gasoline that runs your car the battery that operates your laptop computer the propane that powers the furnace in your residence the heat you generate when you workout at the gym or ride your bicycle
the heat you generate when you workout at the gym or ride your bicycle
Which of the following types of agriculture is most characteristic of developing countries? plantation agriculture traditional agriculture industrialized agriculture monoculture farming high-input agriculture
traditional agriculture
The first law of energy (Conservation of Energy) tells us that doing work always creates heat. altering matter is the best source of energy. energy can be recycled. we cannot get more energy out then we put in energy cannot be converted.
we cannot get more energy out then we put in
The way we grow corn in an industrialized agriculture system affects biodiversity because we have selected for a strain of corn that does not contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the corn's root nodules we have created a single strain of hybrid corn used by most farmers the carbon cycle is altered since primary producers no longer incorporate biomass through photosynthesis we have genetically engineered a type of cow that now eats only corn and not grass all of the above
we have created a single strain of hybrid corn used by most farmers
Carbon Dioxide is part of the carbon cycle a greenhouse gas used by plants for energy more soluble in cold water than warm water all of the above
all of the above
Humans have extended Earth's carrying capacity for the human species by using energy resources to live in previously uninhabitable regions. controlling many diseases. increasing food production. increasing life span. all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following is probably the greatest limiting factor in the continued increase of crop production on a global scale? Insufficient soil resources. Insufficient water resources. Insufficient nitrogen and phosphorous. Insufficient energy resources. None of these are limiting factors in crop production.
Insufficient water resources.
Your e-waste can safely be put in your trash bin will not be shipped abroad because the U.S. has ratified the Basel Convention which bans developed countries from shipping hazardous waste to developing countries without their permission. should be tossed into your recycling bin for single stream recycling at a material recovery facility (MRF) will most likely be sent to a developing country for dismantling where precious metals are recovered; the rest is incinerated can only be taken to a hazardous waste facility for disposal
will most likely be sent to a developing country for dismantling where precious metals are recovered; the rest is incinerated
Which of the following describes how global warming occurs? Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trap incoming UV radiation from the sun CFCs create a hole in the ozone layer which lets in more UV radiation which heats the planet Greenhouse gases like methane intercept and reradiate outgoing infrared energy radiating from earth Burning of fossil fuels releases carbon monoxide which traps heat energy Burning fossil fuels releases sulfur particulates which reflect incoming light energy
Greenhouse gases like methane intercept and reradiate outgoing infrared energy radiating from earth
Which of the following statements is FALSE? It is more economical for consumers to separate their wastes than it is to use a MRF or materials-recovery facility. Glass, iron and aluminum can be recovered from solid wastes. source separation is when consumers separate their recyclables. MRFs need a large input of garbage to be financially successful. MRF plants are inexpensive to build, operate and maintain which is why they are preferred over source separation.
MRF plants are inexpensive to build, operate and maintain which is why they are preferred over source separation.
Which of the following biogeochemical cycles does NOT include the atmosphere as a temporary reservoir? Hydrologic. Nitrogen. Carbon. Phosphorous. None of these biogeochemical cycles includes the atmosphere as a reservoir.
Phosphorus
Which statement is FALSE? It can be said that both primary and secondary succession are examples of natural ecological restoration. There is a general tendency for succession to lead to more complex and stable ecosystems. Primary succession usually takes hundreds to thousands of years. The process of secondary succession would typically follow a forest fire. Primary succession has to take place in an area where soil already exists.
Primary succession has to take place in an area where soil already exists.
Which of the following strategies would help protect the atmosphere? Shift from renewable to more efficient nonrenewable energy resources. Exclude social costs of air pollution from pricing strategies. Decrease use of renewable energy. Reduce poverty. Shift from natural gas to coal.
Reduce poverty
All of these are advantages for withdrawing groundwater EXCEPT Good source of water for drinking and irrigation Available year round Exists almost everywhere Reduces water flows into streams, lakes and estuaries. Cheaper to extract than most surface waters.
Reduces water flows into streams, lakes and estuaries.
Which biological process is occurring when a seed sprouts? Photosynthesis by absorption of sunlight into the seed Photosynthesis using water in the soil and carbon dioxide in the air Respiration by absorption of organic substances in the air Respiration using the stored glucose inside the seed to make ATP Nitrification by absorbing minerals in the soil which is converted into energy for growth and development
Respiration using the stored glucose inside the seed to make ATP
The second law of thermodynamics explains why we cannot recycle energy. True or False? True, because energy conversions result in lower-quality heat energy that cannot be made back into high quality useful energy True, because energy never goes away True, because energy conversions result in larger amounts of concentrated energy. False, because energy is found in chemical bonds of matter and matter can be recycled, so therefore energy can be recycled. False, because the first law of energy explicitly states that you can neither create or destroy energy, hence it CAN be recycled.
True, because energy conversions result in lower-quality heat energy that cannot be made back into high quality useful energy
Which of the following ecosystems has the highest net primary productivity? San Joaquin agricultural land Pacific ocean Redwood forest Undisturbed Bay Area salt marshes and wetlands Lake Chabot
Undisturbed Bay Area salt marshes and wetlands
Which of the following would undergo secondary succession? cooled volcanic lava an abandoned parking lot a heavily polluted stream that has been cleaned up a bare rock outcrop a newly created shallow pond
a heavily polluted stream that has been cleaned up
Providing government subsidies to organic farmers would be an example of: a) rewarding earth sustaining behavior b) green taxes c) penalizing earth degrading behavior d) microloans e) eco-labeling
a) rewarding earth sustaining behavior
Which of the following is a major factor contributing to the degradation of natural capital associated with the pricing of consumable goods? a)They are priced in such a way that they do not reflect the environmental damage caused by their production. b) They are priced in such a way as to allow even those in poverty in developing nations to acquire them. c) They are priced in such a way that only the most affluent purchaser is able to acquire them. d) Consumers are typically aware of the kinds of environmental damage that resulted from the production of the item. e) None of these.
a)They are priced in such a way that they do not reflect the environmental damage caused by their production.
People with a planetary management worldview would most likely a)support desalination technologies as a solution to the Delta water crisis. b) be opposed to a peripheral canal to solve the Delta water crisis c) hang their clothes outside to dry rather than use their energy efficient electric dryer d) collect rainwater in cisterns and live off the grid with their own solar power e) all of the above
a)support desalination technologies as a solution to the Delta water crisis.
A mature maple tree can have a mass of 1 ton or more (dry mass after removing water) yet it starts from a tiny seed that weighs less than 1 gram. Which of the following contributes most to the plant's huge increase in biomass? absorption of organic substances from the soil via the roots is converted into energy for growth and development absorption of water (H2O) from the soil via roots is converted into molecules by green leaves absorption of inorganic substances from the soil via the roots is converted into energy for growth and development absorption of mineral substances from the soil via the roots is converted into the energy for growth and development absorption of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) from the atmosphere via the leaves is converted to molecules used for growth and development
absorption of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) from the atmosphere via the leaves is converted to molecules used for growth and development
Burning coal can result in the creation of secondary pollutants industrial smog. acid rain. green house gas emissions. all of the above.
all of the above
Which of the following is an environmental benefit of affluence and wealth? a) Increasing wealth allows for an increased capacity for resource consumption. b) Increased wealth provides resources to apply toward the creation of environmentally beneficial technologies. c) Increasing affluence often leads to a desire to travel widely and frequently in order to see the world. d) The affluence of developed nations is highly desirable and sought after by citizens of developing nations. e) The typical consumption patterns of affluent nations leads to beneficial environmental conservation practices.
b) Increased wealth provides resources to apply toward the creation of environmentally beneficial technologies.
Which of the following accurately depicts the relationship between a nation's average standard of living and its ecological footprint? a) The higher the standard of living, the smaller the ecological footprint. b) The higher the standard of living, the larger the ecological footprint. c) The lower the standard of living, the larger the ecological footprint. d) The lower the standard of living, the more renewable resources are consumed. e) There is no relationship between standard of living and ecological footprint.
b) The higher the standard of living, the larger the ecological footprint.
Nonpoint sources of pollution a) enter ecosystems from single identifiable sources b) are more difficult to control than point sources c) include smokestacks and automobile exhaust pipes d) are easier to identify than point sources e) are always found in rural areas
b) are more difficult to control than point sources
The key ecological reason we care about the the recovery of the southern sea otter population is because they are a foundation species by keeping kelp from floating away because they are a keystone species by keeping sea urchins from destroying the kelp forests. because they are an indicator species and tell us when the water quality is too acidic. because their habitat would be polluted without them since they help circulate oxygenated water as they swim because hunters have a right to make a living from their pelts
because they are a keystone species by keeping sea urchins from destroying the kelp forests.
Teosinte evolved into modern day corn (maize) by cross breeding teosinte with maize by natural selection when the stronger less bushy plants survived by artificial selection when humans crossbred teosinte plants with desired traits with the help of modern genetic engineering techniques because teosinte adapted to the needs of humans
by artificial selection when humans crossbred teosinte plants with desired traits
People with a stewardship worldview would most likely a) insist on pure capitalism to make our economic decisions such as instituting tradeable permits for water use b) call on better science and technology to fix our problems such as desalination plants to produce fresh water. c) Conserve water by taking less and shorter showers. d) Restore habitat even if it means retiring farmland e) not care if the delta smelt goes extinct
c) Conserve water by taking less and shorter showers.
Using tax dollars to subsidize businesses that install pollution control equipment is an example of a) marketing pollution rights. b) marketing resource use rights. ! c) rewarding beneficial actions. d) making harmful actions illegal. e) all of these.
c) rewarding beneficial actions.
An earth-sustaining economy is characterized by all of the following factors except a)pollution prevention. b) high amount of recycling and reuse of nonrenewable materials. c) the depletion of natural capital. d) the sustainable use of renewable resources. e) preserve biodiversity.
c) the depletion of natural capital.
All of the following are elements involved in major biogeochemical cycles except nitrogen calcium sulfur oxygen hydrogen
calcium
All of these are Reuse strategies EXCEPT refillable glass containers using a canvas bag at the grocery store buy furniture at a garage sale. canceling your newspaper subscription. Donate your fax machine to a local school.
canceling your newspaper subscription.
You have a lively discussion about environmental issues with a fellow student in your class. This student tells you that her family has purchased a bio-diesel fuel generator and uses it to produce fuel for the family vehicles. They collect used cooking oil from local fast-food restaurants to supply the raw materials for this process. They take BART to school and work and only drive about 50 miles per week. Which of the following sustainability recommendations is this student carrying out? a) Use renewable energy. b) Recycle (as part of the 4 Rs). c) Drive an energy efficient vehicle. d) Reduce car use. e) all of these
e) all of these
All of these are strategies to make a transition to more environmentally sustainable economies EXCEPT a) mimic nature b) reduce poverty c) phase out environmentally harmful subsidies d) live off income from natural capital e) sell more goods and less services
e) sell more goods and less services
Ultimately, which of the following is the source of energy that continually drives the hydrologic cycle? gravity energy from the sun electricity geothermal energy wind
energy from the sun
Most people do a poor job of evaluating risks because they do not know how to interpret a dose response curve they don't read labels fear causes them to overestimate risks they believe chance events are more likely to occur humans are unpredictable
fear causes them to overestimate risks
Which of these pairs of terms are INCORRECTLY paired green revolution......monocultures gene revolution........genetic engineering industrialized farming........agribusiness high throughput agriculture........polyculture polyculture......biodiversity
high throughput agriculture........polyculture
Genetically modified crops can lead to using more water higher yields increase genetic diversity a decrease in herbicide resistant weeds all of the above
higher yields
Each of the following is one of the major primary outdoor pollutants except carbon oxides. hydrofluorocarbons. nitrogen oxides. sulfur oxides. particulates
hydrofluorocarbons
All of the following factors contributed to a doubling of U.S. food productivity since 1940 EXCEPT increased use of fossil fuels. increased amount of cultivated land. increased use of pesticides. increased use of inorganic fertilizers. increased use of irrigation.
increased amount of cultivated land.
