Bio attempt 7
For what purpose does a plant use the sugars produced during photosynthesis? A. All of the above B. For cellular respiration to produce ATP C. For making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant D. For storage
A. All of the above
Which of the following can carry out photosynthesis? A. All of the above can carry out photosynthesis B. Plants C. Bacteria D. Seaweeds
A. All of the above can carry out photosynthesis
Which arrow would be most closely related to kinetic energy? A. Arrow A, the tongue extending B. Arrow B, the insect being eaten C. Arrow D, heat radiating from the chameleon D. Arrow C, sunlight striking the chameleon
A. Arrow A, the tongue extending
Where does the bond form that binds one strand of DNA to its other strand? A. Between the bases B. Between the phosphate group and the sugar C. Between the sugar and the base D. Between the phosphate groups
A. Between the bases
What type of mutation leads to a frameshift in the reading of DNA? A. Both insertions and deletions B. Insertions only C. All point mutations D. Deletions only
A. Both insertions and deletions
Predict how many molecules of carbon dioxide are produced from the mitochondrial "burning" of one molecule of glucose? A. Not enough information provided B. 12 C. 6 D. 1
C. 6
How many chromosomes did you inherit from your father? A. 23 B. 24 C. 2 D. 46
A. 23
How many chromosomes would a typical human cell have after mitosis but before cytokinesis? A. 92 B. 0 C. 46 D. 23
A. 92
What is a "benign" tumor? A. A mass of cells that grows out of control but remains at the site of origin B. A mass of cells that grows out of control and spreads to other tissues C. A mass of cancerous cells D. A single mutated cell that could potentially develop into cancer
A. A mass of cells that grows out of control but remains at the site of origin
The following question(s) relate to the data table below, showing typical fluctuating pH and dissolved oxygen levels in a fish pond with a heavy concentration of algae over a 24-hour period. Time Oxygen (ppm) pH 2 a.m. 4.5 7.7 4 a.m. 2.8 7.2 6 a.m. 2.2 6.8 8 a.m. 2.5 6.8 10 a.m. 3.9 7.2 Noon 6.5 7.7 2 p.m. 10.0 8.3 4 p.m. 12.1 8.8 6 p.m. 13.1 9.2 8 p.m. 13.0 9.2 10 p.m. 12.0 8.8 Midnight 10.8 8.3 What is a possible reason for oxygen to be so low by the end of the night? A. Both of these explain the low level of oxygen B. Neither of these explains the low level of oxygen C. Algae produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis mostly during the day, and not at night. D. Fish consume oxygen during the night, and oxygen starts to run out by dawn.
A. Both of these explain the low level of oxygen
Which enzyme is responsible for adding complementary DNA bases to an exposed DNA strand? A. DNA polymerase B. DNA peptidase C. DNA helicase DNA ligase
A. DNA polymerase
What specifically separates during meiosis I? A. Homologous chromosomes B. Sister chromatids C. The cytoplasm D. The genome
A. Homologous chromosomes
Where does cellular respiration occur? A.. In the mitochondria B. In the chloroplasts C. In the nucleus D. In the airways of the respiratory system
A. In the mitochondria
When does crossing over occur? A. Meiosis I B. Meiosis II C. Mitosis D. Cytokinesis
A. Meiosis I
A zygote (i.e., a fertilized egg) undergoes development to grow. What mechanism is used to generate more cells? A. Mitosis B. Fertilization C. Binary fission D. Meiosis
A. Mitosis
Albinism is a recessive disorder in which the skin and hair fail to produce pigment. The following question(s) ask you to evaluate the pedigree chart shown here in which "N" is the allele for normal pigmentation and "n" is the allele for albinism. The shaded circles for Deirdre and Shannon represent the only individuals expressing the disorder. What is Geoff's genotype? A. Nn B. nn C. NN D. Cannot be determined
A. Nn
How does a cell typically know when to divide? A. Proto-oncogenes code for growth factor proteins that initiate cell division. B. Tumor suppressor genes code for growth factor proteins that initiate cell division. C. Cells have an internal clock and divide only when they reach a certain age. D. Oncogenes code for growth factor proteins that initiate cell division.
A. Proto-oncogenes code for growth factor proteins that initiate cell division.
What does it mean when we say a gene is "turned off"? A. The gene cannot be transcribed and translated into a protein. B. The gene is now activated. C. The gene has a mutation. D. The gene is no longer working properly.
A. The gene cannot be transcribed and translated into a protein.
Yeast is used to produce beer and wine but can also make bread rise. All of these processes involve the production of alcohol. Explain why you can eat bread and not get drunk. A. The heat of cooking bakes out the alcohol. B. The bread-making process produces ethyl alcohol, not isopropyl alcohol. C. The bread-making process produces isopropyl alcohol, not ethyl alcohol. D. The amount of alcohol produced is too small to be noticeable.
A. The heat of cooking bakes out the alcohol.
Select the ultimate source of energy for nearly every organism on this planet. A. The sun B.Plants C.Sugars D.Heat
A. The sun
Genes are located on ________. A. chromosomes B. the centromere C. mitosis D. the cytoplasm
A. chromosomes
The spread of cancer cells from their site of origin to sites distant in the body is called ________. A. metastasis B. growth C. transformation D. mitosis
A. metastasis
How much of your DNA is identical to that of another person of the same sex? A. 90% B. 99.5% C. 99.9% D. 78%
B. 99.5%
What causes the furrow during cleavage? A. A loss of water occurs. B. A ring of contractile protein fibers pinches the cell in two. C. It is a depression caused by the formation of a new cell wall. D. Connecting proteins that had been binding adjacent cells together now dissolve.
B. A ring of contractile protein fibers pinches the cell in two.
Organize the following steps of the light reaction in order. A. Absorb sunlight, produce oxygen as a by-product, split water to release electron, capture energy in ATP and NADPH B. Absorb sunlight, split water to release electron, produce oxygen as a by-product, capture energy in ATP and NADPH C. Absorb sunlight, capture energy in ATP and NADPH, produce oxygen as a by-product, split water to release electron D. Absorb sunlight, capture energy in ATP and NADPH, split water to release electron, produce oxygen as a by-product
B. Absorb sunlight, split water to release electron, produce oxygen as a by-product, capture energy in ATP and NADPH
Albinism is a recessive disorder in which the skin and hair fail to produce pigment. The following question(s) ask you to evaluate the pedigree chart shown here in which "N" is the allele for normal pigmentation and "n" is the allele for albinism. The shaded circles for Deirdre and Shannon represent the only individuals expressing the disorder. What is Deirdre's phenotype? A. Normal B. Albino C. Cannot be determined D. nn
B. Albino
A homozygous milk chocolate Easter bunny is crossed with a homozygous dark chocolate Easter bunny. Assuming dark chocolate is dominant over milk chocolate and the traits segregate according to Mendelian genetics, which traits will the offspring express? A. All milk B. All dark C. 3 dark to 1 milk D. 3 milk to 1 dark
B. All dark
Albinism is a recessive disorder in which the skin and hair fail to produce pigment. The following question(s) ask you to evaluate the pedigree chart shown here in which "N" is the allele for normal pigmentation and "n" is the allele for albinism. The shaded circles for Deirdre and Shannon represent the only individuals expressing the disorder. According to the pedigree above, who is a not a carrier of albino? A.. Bill B. All of the above are carriers of albino C. Brandon D. Aaron
B. All of the above are carriers of albino
If the base sequence of template strand reads GCCATTAC, what is the base sequence of the mRNA? A. GCCAUUAC B. CGGUAAUG C. CGGTAATG D. CGGTUUTG
B. CGGUAAUG
Which process produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (3GP)? A. Fermentation B. Calvin cycle C. Glycolysis D. Citric acid cycle
B. Calvin cycle
A cloned mammal is made by removing the DNA from the unfertilized egg of an egg donor, replacing it with DNA from a cell of a mature animal, and then implanting that cell into the uterus of a surrogate mother. The cell then divides and behaves as if it were a regular embryo. Answer the following question(s) regarding a clone. Of whom is the baby a clone? A. Egg donor B. DNA donor C. Surrogate mother D. It depends on whether it is male or female.
B. DNA donor
The following question(s) relate to the data table below, showing typical fluctuating pH and dissolved oxygen levels in a fish pond with a heavy concentration of algae over a 24-hour period. Time Oxygen (ppm) pH 2 a.m. 4.5 7.7 4 a.m. 2.8 7.2 6 a.m. 2.2 6.8 8 a.m. 2.5 6.8 10 a.m. 3.9 7.2 Noon 6.5 7.7 2 p.m. 10.0 8.3 4 p.m. 12.1 8.8 6 p.m. 13.1 9.2 8 p.m. 13.0 9.2 10 p.m. 12.0 8.8 Midnight 10.8 8.3 You are investigating a massive fish kill in one of the shallow lakes in the area. Lab reports show no toxins in the water, but a monitoring station reported these oxygen and pH values. Based on the table above, what, if any, is the relationship between oxygen and pH? A. No relationship: there is no pattern between oxygen and pH B. Direct relationship: when one increases, the other also increases C. Inverse relationship: when one increases, the other decreases D. Exponential relationship: when one increases, the other increases 10 to 100 times
B. Direct relationship: when one increases, the other also increases
During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of the ATP produced? A. Citric acid cycle B. Electron transport chain C. Glycolysis D. Fermentation
B. Electron transport chain
What is the main cause of cancer? A. DNA replication no longer working properly B. Exposure to carcinogens in the environment C. We do not currently know the main cause of cancer. D. Old age, during which the cells of the body no longer work properly
B. Exposure to carcinogens in the environment
Identify the stage of cellular respiration when glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid. A. Calvin cycle B. Glycolysis C. Electron transport chain D. Citric acid cycle
B. Glycolysis
During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated? A. Mitosis B. Interphase C. Cytokinesis D. Meiosis
B. Interphase
Albinism is a recessive disorder in which the skin and hair fail to produce pigment. The following question(s) ask you to evaluate the pedigree chart shown here in which "N" is the allele for normal pigmentation and "n" is the allele for albinism. The shaded circles for Deirdre and Shannon represent the only individuals expressing the disorder. What is Dawn's genotype? A. nn B. NN or Nn C. NN D. Nn
B. NN or Nn
Which of the following is not a modification to the mRNA? A. Intron removal B. Promoter binding C. Exon splicing D. End capping
B. Promoter binding
The purpose of the Calvin cycle is to produce ________. A. O2 B. Sugar C. CO2 D. ATP
B. Sugar
Can energy be harvested by the cells from glucose without oxygen? A. Yes, but not quite as much as with oxygen. B. Yes, but much less than with oxygen. C. Yes, about as much as with oxygen. D. No, oxygen is required to harvest any energy from glucose.
B. Yes, but much less than with oxygen.
Dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of ________. A. fertilization B. mitosis C. binary fission D. meiosis
B. mitosis
If genes are described as "sex linked," then they are ________. A. located next to one another B. typically on the X chromosome C. typically on the Y chromosome D. expressed only in women or only in men
B. typically on the X chromosome
Cancer is ________. A. what happens when cells get old B. uncontrolled cell growth C. any tumor in the body D. cells with proto-oncogene activated
B. uncontrolled cell growth
What is recombinant DNA? A. DNA that comes from plasmids B. DNA that is circular C. A segment of DNA containing sequences from two different sources D. DNA that can no longer replicate
C. A segment of DNA containing sequences from two different sources
Which of the following processes does not generate genetic variation during sexual reproduction? A. Crossing over B. Random fertilization C. All of the processes above generate genetic variation D. Independent assortment
C. All of the processes above generate genetic variation
Which process requires DNA to undergo duplication before it can proceed? A. Meiosis B. Neither of these C. Both of these D. Mitosis
C. Both of these
Why does transcription occur in the nucleus and not in the cytoplasm in eukaryotes? A. Codons are only found in the nucleus. B. RNA cannot exist in the cytoplasm. C. DNA cannot leave the nucleus. D. Ribosomes cannot leave the nucleus.
C. DNA cannot leave the nucleus.
When is cell-to-cell communication particularly important in regulating gene expression? A. During mitosis B. During meiosis C. During embryonic development D. During replication
C. During embryonic development
DNA helicase breaks which type of bond in the DNA molecule? A. Covalent bonds B. Ionic bonds C. Hydrogen bonds D. Peptide bonds
C. Hydrogen bond
Where does translation occur in eukaryotes? A. Both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm B. In the nucleus only C. In the cytoplasm only D. In neither the nucleus nor the cytoplasm
C. In the cytoplasm only
Which of the following statements about heat is false? A. It can be a measurement of the inefficiency of an energy conversion. B. It increases the amount of entropy of the system. C. It is a highly organized form of energy. D. It is a form of kinetic energy.
C. It is a highly organized form of energy.
Identify the role of oxygen in photosynthesis. A. It is split to form sugar. B. It is the initial electron releaser. C. It is a waste product in the light reactions. D. It is the final electron acceptor.
C. It is a waste product in the light reactions.
What is the name of the syndrome that produces the XXY combination of sex chromosomes? A. Down syndrome B. Jacob's syndrome C. Klinefelter syndrome D. Turner syndrome
C. Klinefelter syndrome
What produces genetically unique daughter cells? A. Both of these B. Neither of these C. Meiosis D. Mitosis
C. Meiosis
Do all cells of the body express the same genes? A. No, since they don't contain the same DNA B. Yes, since they all contain the same DNA C. No, since they don't all need to make the same proteins D. Yes, since they all make the same proteins
C. No, since they don't all need to make the same proteins
Can the PCR technique be used to copy an entire chromosome all at once? A. Yes, that is its primary function. B. No, only the genes would be copied. C. No, the PCR machine can only copy fragments of DNA.
C. No, the PCR machine can only copy fragments of DNA.
What is the role of chloroplasts in animals? A. Carry out photosynthesis B. Produce ATP C. None, as animals do not have chloroplasts D. Produce sugars
C. None, as animals do not have chloroplasts
Which of the following is a waste product of photosynthesis? A. CO2 B. H2O C. O2 D. All of the above
C. O2
What is different between two alleles of the same gene? A. The chromosome number they are on. For example, one allele might be on chromosome 12, while the other one is on chromosome 3. B. Their location. For example, one allele might be at the end of one chromosome, while the other allele is in the middle of another chromosome. C. The information they carry. For example, one allele might carry the information for blue eye pigment, while the other carries the information for brown eye pigment. D. The cell they are in. For example, one might be in a liver cell, while the other is in a blood cell.
C. The information they carry. For example, one allele might carry the information for blue eye pigment, while the other carries the information for brown eye pigment.
Two alleles of the same gene ________. A. are always different B. originate from the same parent C. can be the same or can be different D. are always the same
C. can be the same or can be different
A collection of cloned DNA fragments representing an organism's entire genome is called a ________. A. clonal anthology B. complementary DNA collection C. genomic library D. transgenic assembly
C. genomic library
Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments according to their ________. A. base sequences B. charge C. length D. polarity
C. length
Genetically modified organisms that acquire genes from a different species are called ________ organisms. A. synthetic B. mutant C. transgenic D. cloned
C. transgenic
The genetic code is ________. A. the complementary base-pairing of A going with T and C going with G B. our genome C. what allows codons to be translated into amino acids D. our DNA - what makes us who we are
C. what allows codons to be translated into amino acids
If a cell had 12 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis II, how many would each daughter cell have after the completion of meiosis II? A. 18 B. 6 C. 24 D. 12
D. 12
How many nucleotides are required to code for 10 amino acids? A. 3 B. 10 C. 20 D. 30
D. 30
Assuming complete dominance, what is the expected ratio of phenotypes of the offspring following the cross of a homozygous recessive and a heterzygote? A. 1:1 B. 4:1 C. 1:2:1 D. 3:1
D. 3:1
Choose the pencil that has the lowest potential energy. A. A pencil hitting the ground after falling from your desk B. A pencil on your desk C. A pencil falling from your desk D. A pencil laying on the ground
D. A pencil laying on the ground
What is the chemical equation for glucose? A. C8H16O8 B. C4 H8O4 C. C2H4O2 D. C6H12O6
D. C6H12O6
Plastids are storage organelles. A chloroplast is a type of plastid. What does a chloroplast store? A. Electrons B. Carbon C. Energy D. Chlorophyll
D. Chlorophyll
Identify the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. A. It is the final electron acceptor. B. It is split to release electrons. C. It is a by-product. D. It is split to become incorporated into sugars.
D. It is split to become incorporated into sugars.
Alcohol is a waste product produced by yeast in the presence of sugar and the absence of ________. A. CO2 B. H2O C. ATP D. O2
D. O2
Assuming incomplete dominance, if a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant, what will be the color of the offspring? A. Red and white B. Red C. White D. Pink
D. Pink
What is the name of the enzyme that builds cDNA out of mRNA? A. DNA helicase B. RNA polymerase C. DNA polymerase D.Reverse transcriptase
D. Reverse transcriptase
Which stage of photosynthesis, if any, can function in the dark? A. Neither Stage 1 nor Stage 2 B. Both Stage 1 and Stage 2 C. Stage 1 (the light reactions) D. Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)
D. Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)
What is the definition of energy? A. The movement of an object B. Particles moving in waves through a system C. The amount of order in a system D. The capacity to do work
D. The capacity to do work
What is the role of primers in the PCR techniques? A. To add free nucleotides to the newly formed DNA molecule B. To allow single strands of DNA to bind together C. To separate strands of double-stranded DNA D. To target specific areas of DNA
D. To target specific areas of DNA
Somatic cells are ________. A. haploid (2n) B. diploid (n) C. haploid (n) D. diploid (2n)
D. diploid (2n)
Recessive disorders related to genes found on the X chromosome but not on the Y are more commonly expressed in ________. A. children B. adults C. females D. males
D. males
Which nucleic acid acts like an enzyme, stabilizing and orienting different molecules to facilitate the formation of bonds between them? A. mRNA B. tRNA C. DNA D. rRNA
D. rRNA
