bio chapter 7

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HYPOtonic

having LESS solute molecules than cytoplasm of a cell.

cholesterol

structure that allows cells to communicate with each other to work as a unit

phospholipid bilayer

structure that consists of 2 layers of lipids

solute

substance that is disolved

concentration

the amount of molecules in a specified area

why is the current model of the membrane strucure called fluid mosaic?

the membrane is fluid and is made up of 2 layers of fatty molecules called phospholipids

Hypertonic solution

a solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances is HIGHER than the concentration inside the cell.

hypOtonic solution Hypo=low

a solution in which the concentration of solutes is Lower than the concentration of solutes inside the cell.

isotonic solution

a solution in which the concentrationn of dissolvd substances (solutes) is the SAme as the concentration of solutes inside the cell.

sodium potassium pump Sodium(NA) potassium (K)

a specific case of active transport where the pump transports 3NA out of the cell and 2K into the cell.

carbohydrate chain

a structure that identifies the cell

selectively permeable

allows certain molecules to pass through' keeps some molecules out

in reference to diffusion, " down the concentration gradient" means the molecules move from..

and area of high concentration to an area of low concentrations

what is a lipid bilayer?

basic structure of the cell that defines teh cells barrier and consists of 2 phospholpid layers

facilitated difusion

high to low movement of monomers, uses transport protein to increase the rate of diffusion, no energy required.

osmosis

high to low movement of water through phospholipid bi-layer; no energy required

what does sodium potassium pump keep continuous

it keeps extra cellular concentration of sodium high and the intracellular concentration of potassium high

what are the two major components of the cell membrane>

lipids proteins

solution

mixture of a substance that is dissolved in a another

diffusion

movement of molecules from high to low energy

active transport

movement of molecules from low to high: usues transport protein, requires energy

How much energy does sodium potassium pump use?

30% of the energy available to any animal cell.

hydrophilic

loving water

hydrophobic

fearing water

concentration gradient

a difference in amount of molecules between two areas

istonic

EQUAL amounts of solute molecules

turgor pressure

outwards pressure on cells

what is facilitated diffusion?

type of passive transport, uses no energy, increases the rate of diffusion with carrier proteins.

exocytosis

use of vesicles to move polymers out of the cell ( surrounds it, binds with membrane, releases particles)

endocytosis

use of vesivles to move polymers into the cell. (surrounds it and takes in, dissolves)

hypertonic

Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution.

In an isotonic solution, does osmosis ocuur? why or why not.

No, because a concentration graadien is not established. no n.et water movement

solvent

In a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves.

transport protein

Move items through the plasma membrane that can't pass through it

passive transport

Requires NO energy, Movement of molecules from high to low concentration, Moves with the concentration gradient

What happens when plants and animal cells are placed in a isotonic solution?

plant cell becomes flaccid, looks normal but a little different animal cells look normal.

what happens when plants and animal cells are place in hypOtonic solution?

plant: plant tissues become stiffer as vauoles will with water and cells push against wall animal: water will move thru membrane into the cell. cell swells and lyses(bursts)

what happens when plants and animal cells are placed in hypertonic solution?

plants:will loose water from vacuoles and a decreases in turgor pressure (internal pressue) will occur so its plasmolized. Animals: shrivel because of decreased turgor pressure ex.slug

what is the function of the protein molecules in the cell membarane

protein molecules function is to move large particles in, through, and out of the cell membrane

what does it mean to be selectively permeable?

selectivity permeable membrane either allows solutes to pass freely, pass with some assistance or not allow solutes to pass.

name three ways in which the rate of diffusion can be affected

solid liquid gas temperature and concentration gradient


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