Bio-Chem Bell Ringer

Proteins, starch, and DNA are similar in that they are all A) organic compounds B) parts of genes C) made of amino acids D) made of simple sugars

A) organic compounds

All chemical breakdown processes in cells directly involve A) reactions that are controlled by catalysts B) enzymes that are stored in mitochondria C) the production of catalysts in vacuoles D) enzymes that have the same genetic base sequence

A) reactions that are controlled by catalysts

Water is classified as an inorganic compound because it A) does not contain carbon B) does not contain nitrogen C) contains hydrogen D) contains oxygen

A) does not contain carbon

A disaccharide combines with water to produce two monosaccharides in the process known as A) hydrolysis B) dehydration synthesis C) aerobic respiration D) photosynthesis

A) hydrolysis

Researchers use a variety of techniques to learn more about the function of a specific gene in an organism. In one type of experiment, called a loss-of-function experiment, the gene being investigated is eliminated. In a gain-of-function experiment, extra copies of the gene being investigated are inserted. The cell process most directly affected in both experiments is A) protein synthesis B) waste disposal C) transport of materials D) breakdown of nutrients

A) protein synthesis

Which statement is most likely correct regarding soil bacteria that inhabit the polar regions of Earth? A) They do not carry out the process of respiration. B) They contain enzymes that function at low temperatures. C) They are part of the abiotic resources of that ecosystem. D) They do not reproduce.

B) They contain enzymes that function at low temperatures.

The basic building blocks of a protein are A) glucose molecules B) amino acids C) hormones D) fats

B) amino acids

Which compound is inorganic? A) glucose (C6Hl2O6) B) carbon dioxide (CO2) C) ethane (C2H6) D) stearic acid (Cl8H36O2)

B) carbon dioxide (CO2)

The process by which glucose is converted to starch is known as A) protein hydrolysis B) dehydration synthesis C) chemical digestion D) cellular respiration

B) dehydration synthesis

Butter and oil are examples of food composed of A) carbohydrates B) lipids C) proteins D) nucleotides

B) lipids

The function of a specific enzyme is most directly influenced by its A) molecular size B) physical shape C) carrying capacity D) stored energy

B) physical shape

In living organisms, lipids function mainly as A) sources of stored energy and transmitters of genetic information B) sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes C) transmitters of genetic information and catalysts of chemical reactions D) catalysts of chemical reactions and components of cellular membranes

B) sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes

A scientist plans to cut a segment of DNA so that it can be inserted into the DNA of a bacterium, a single-celled organism. The scientist needs to use a special type of organic molecule to perform this cutting process. This molecule is A) a lipid B) a carbohydrate C) an enzyme D) a hormone

C) an enzyme

Even though human proteins are synthesized from only 20 different amino acids, there are thousands of different proteins found in human cells. This great variety of proteins is possible because the A) size of a specific amino acid can vary within a protein B) chemical composition of a specific amino acid can vary C) sequence and number of amino acids can be different in each protein D) same amino acid can have many different properties

C) sequence and number of amino acids can be different in each protein

Which chemical formula represents a carbohydrate? A) CH4 B) C3H7O2N C) Cl2H22O11 D) CO2

C) Cl2H22O11

What are the building blocks of lipids? A) Glucose B) Amino acids C) Fatty acids and glycerol D) Nucleic acids

C) Fatty acids and glycerol

Organisms living in a bog environment must be able to tolerate nitrogen-poor, acidic conditions. Bog plants such as the Venus flytrap and sundew are able to obtain their nitrogen by attracting and consuming insects. These plants produce chemicals that break down the insects into usable compounds. The chemicals present in the plants that break down the insects are most likely A) fats B) hormones C) enzymes D) carbohydrates

C) enzymes

Starch molecules are hydrolyzed into smaller units known as A) glycerols B) amino acids C) simple sugars D) proteins

C) simple sugars

Which substance is an inorganic molecule? A) starch B) DNA C) water D) fat

C) water

Glucose molecules are the building blocks of what class of macromolecule? A) Proteins B) Lipids C) Nucleotides D) Carbohydrates

D) Carbohydrates

The bond that joins two amino acids together is known as A) a double bond B) a hydrogen bond C) an ionic bond D) a peptide bond

D) a peptide bond

An energy-rich organic compound needed by organisms is A) water B) salt C) oxygen D) glucose

D) glucose

Which elements are present in all organic compounds? A) hydrogen and oxygen B) nitrogen and oxygen C) nitrogen and carbon D) hydrogen and carbon

D) hydrogen and carbon

A solution of an enzyme normally found in the human body was added to a flask containing a solution of proteins in distilled water, and then the flask was stoppered. This mixture was then maintained at a temperature of 27°C and a pH of 7 for 48 hours. When the mixture was analyzed, the presence of amino acids was noted. The enzymatic solution most likely contained A) carbohydrates B) maltases C) lipases D) proteases

D) proteases