Bio Exam 2 Retake
Glycolysis occurs in the _____ of a cell.
. cytosol
As a biological process, osmosis
. is a type of passive transport.
During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy, a type of
. potential energy.
only in eukaryotic cells ?
: Nuclei, the two types of ER, Golgi apparatuses, and lysosomes
What is either consumed or synthesized in virtually every cellular reaction?
ATP
what is active transport?
Active transport requires the use of energy to move ions and large molecules through transport proteins across the plasma membrane.
What are the nucleotide building blocks for DNA?
Adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C)
comparing photosynthesis and cellular respiration is accurate?
Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration require electron transport chains.
During which cellular process is ATP NOT released
Calvin cycle
Which of the following cell structures are typically found in plant cells but not found in animal cells?
Cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuole
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
Chemically tagging and packaging proteins
What cell structures can be found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Cytoplasm, plasma membrane, ribosomes
What happens in the process of osmosis?
During the process of osmosis, water molecules will move from an area where water is in greater concentration (lower solute concentration) to an area where water is at a lower concentration (higher solute concentration) until an equilibrium is reached.
Which of the following cell structures are typically found in plant cells and in animal cells?
Golgi apparatuses, lysosomes, smooth ER, rough ER, mitochondria, ribosomes and nuclei are found in both plant and animal cells.
what ultimately provides the O2 used during the process of oxidative phosphorylation?
Light reactions of photosynthesis
What structure is the location of cellular respiration, which produces ATP for the cell?
Mitochondrion
Which of these structures is the location of cellular respiration, which produces ATP for the cell?
Mitochondrion
The electrons that are released by the splitting of H2O molecules during photosynthesis ultimately end up in
NADPH.
Osmosis is a form of
Osmosis is a form of simple diffusion.
What is the role of the chloroplast?
Photosynthesis
What best summarizes the events of the Calvin cycle?
The cycle uses ATP and NADPH to produce sugars.
What do catalysts and enzymes have in common?
They decrease the amount of activation energy required.
What is the role of water in photosynthesis?
Water provides replacement electrons to the reaction center chlorophyll.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both complementary and relatively balanced, but early in the history of life on Earth photosynthesis appears to have dominated, as evidenced by the
accumulation of atmospheric oxygen.
When energy is used to move molecules across a plasma membrane, ________ has occurred.
active transport
A cell you view under a microscope has a cell wall and chromosomes, but no nucleus. The cell you are viewing could be a
bacterium recovered from the large intestine of a mammal.
: Catabolic reactions
break larger molecules into smaller ones. This complex polymer is being broken down into monomers.
The enzyme rubisco is important to the process of
carbon fixation.
Active transport requires
cellular energy, usually in the form of ATP
One of the major functions of the plasma membrane is to
control what enters and leaves a cell.
The energy source that makes oxidative phosphorylation possible comes from
electrons transferred from NADH
When ATP breaks down into ADP and a phosphate group,
energy is released and can power cellular activities.
Biosynthetic reactions require many things, including
enzymes and ATP.
The three stages of aerobic catabolism are
glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Living systems must work to remain ordered. They pass off their disorder in the form of
heat
Enzymes are
highly specific and generally only catalyze a single type of chemical reaction
A red blood cell is placed in a solution and it begins to shrink. Which of the following describes the solution?
hypertonic
The cytoskeleton provides
internal organizational and structural support for the cell.
When placed in a 2 percent sucrose solution, red blood cells shrink (lose volume); relative to the red blood cell cytoplasm, a 2 percent solution must be
more concentrated (hypertonic)
The boundary that surrounds the contents of the nucleus is the
nuclear envelope
During cellular respiration, mitochondria consume molecules of
o2
During cellular respiration, ________ is the step that produces the greatest number of ATP molecules.
oxidative phosphorylation
The chloroplast performs
photosynthesis while the large central vacuole typically stores water and solutes.
The________ is a phospholipid bilayer that separates the internal components of a living cell from the cell's external environment.
plasma membrane
The boundary structure that physically defines a cell is the
plasma membrane.
Ribosomes are very small, nonmembranous organelles associated with the synthesis of
protein
Enzymes are a special class of
proteins
Ribosomes are very small, nonmembranous organelles associated with the synthesis of
proteins
in photosynthesis, the carbon used to make sugars is
provided by carbon dioxide.
catabolic reactions
release energy
Anabolic reactions
require energy
Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, indicating that the glycolytic reactions
require no oxygen.
Anabolism usually ________ energy to produce polymers, whereas catabolism ________ energy to produce monomers.
requires; release
A(n) ________ allows some substances to move freely into and out of a cell by simple diffusion while it will always exclude some substances from crossing. However, some substances that cannot cross by simple diffusion can pass through with the help of either active or passive transport proteins.
selectively permeable membrane
The Golgi apparatus
sorts proteins and lipids and sends them to their final destination.
The definition of life is somewhat arbitrary; the critical aspect(s) that currently define(s) cells as living structures is (are)
structural organization, energy dependence, and self-replication
Photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical bonds by forming
sugars.
The ultimate source of energy for most living systems is
sunlight
The second law of thermodynamics states that
systems tend to become more disorderly.
It is OK to say that your brain is solar powered, because
the antenna complex in chloroplasts acts like a tiny solar panel, collecting sunlight to make the sugars that you consume to run your brain.
A screen door allows breezes to enter and aromas to exit, but keeps out insects. Its function most resembles
the plasma membrane
The nucleolus is
the region of the nucleus where ribosome production begins
What do catalysts and enzymes have in common?
they decrease the amount of activation energy required.
The light-capturing pigments of photosynthesis like chlorophyll are contained in the membrane of a structure known as a(n)
thylakoid.
The process of photosynthesis
traps light energy in an energy carrier like ATP.
true/false;Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, and cellulose are not nucleotides.
true
